CELL ENERGETICS TEST REVIEW
1. CELL ORGANELLES AND FUNCTIONS
WHICH ORGANELLES ARE ONLY IN PLANTS, NOT ANIMALS?
• Chloroplast
• Cell wall
WHICH ORGANELLES ARE FOUND IN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES?
• Cell membrane
• Cell wall
• Ribosomes
WHAT IS THE INCREASING ORDER OF LEVELS OF ORGINAZATION
• Cell- tissue- organ- system- organism
WHAT ADVANTAGE DO MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS HAVE OVER UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS?
• Their cells are specialized for different functions
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF CILIA AND FLAGELLA?
• Movement (mobility, motility)
WHAT IS THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY?
• Prokaryotic cell engulfs other prokaryotic cell eventually becoming a primitive plant cell or animal cell
2. PASSIVE TRANSPORT
WHY IS THIS TYPE OF TRANSPORT CELLED “PASSIVE”?
• No energy is used
WHAT IS THE DIFFUSION OF WATER CALLED?
• osmosis
IDENTIFY HYPOTONIC, HYPERTONIC, ISOTONIC:
• More h2o less solute- hypotonic
• Less h20 more solute- hypertonic
• Same h20 and solute- isotonic
WHAT TYPE OF DIFFUSION USES CARRIER PROTEINS?
• Facilitated diffusion
WHICH DIRECTION DO MOLECULES MOVE ACROSS THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT IN
THIS TYPE OF TRANSPORT?• High to low concentrations
WHAT IS A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE?
• Allows certain materials to pass through and others cant
HOW DOES THE SIZE OF MOLECULES AFFECT MOVEMENT ACROSS A MEMBRANE?
• Smaller things move accros
3. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
WHY IS THIS TYPE OF TRANSPORT CALLED
“ACTIVE” ?• Uses energy
WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT?
• Phagocytosis
• Pinocytosis
• Exocytosis
• Sodium/ potassium pump
WHICH DIRECTION DO MOLECULES MOVE ACROSS THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
IN THIS TYPE OF TRANSPORT? • Low to high
WHY IS THE SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP CONSIDERED ACTIVE TRANSPORT?
• Uses energy to move from low concentrations to high concentrations
4. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
IN WHAT ORGANELLE DOES THIS OCCUR?
• chloroplast
WHAT ARE THE REACTANTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
• H20 + CO2, and energy
WHAT ARE THE PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
• C6h12o6 + o2+ energy
WHAT IS THE CHEMICAL FORMULA FOR GLUCOSE?
• c6h12o6
WHAT DOES A POLYMER LOOK LIKE?
5. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
IN WHAT ORGANELLE DOES THIS OCCUR
• mitochondria
WHAT DO GLYCOLYSIS, FERMENTATION, AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION HAVE IN COMMON?
• They are all metabolic pathways that obtain and use energy
WHAT DOES ATP BREAK DOWN DURING CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
• glucose
IF A CELL RUNS OUT OF OXYGEN WHAT TYPE OF RESPIRATION WILL IT REVERT TO?• anaerobic
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN?
• ATP for energy is made to be utilized by the cell?
6. CELLULAR TRANSPORT AND ENERGY
IF WATER IS LEAVING A SOLUTION TO ENTER A CELL, THE SOLUTION IS ….
• Hypotonic,
• Water flows OUT of a hypotonic solution
IF WATER IS LEAVING THE CELL TO ENTER THE SOLUTION, THE SOLUTION IS…
• Hypertonic
• Water flows into a hypertonic solution
NAME THE PROCESS: H20 + CO2→C6H12O6
• Photosynthesis
NAME THE PROCESS: C6H12O6 +O2→ H2O + CO2
• Cellular respiration
WHEN PREFORMING THE EXPERIMENTS IN CLASS, WHAT SOLUTION IS COMMONLY
USED AS A CONTROL? • Distilled water
WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO HAVE A CONTROL
• For comparison
IN THE DIAGRAM BELOW, WHAT IS BEING USED AND BEING PRODUCED?
• X- energy
• Y-energy