CELL ENERGETICS TEST REVIEW

1. CELL ORGANELLES AND FUNCTIONS

WHICH ORGANELLES ARE ONLY IN PLANTS, NOT ANIMALS?

• Chloroplast

• Cell wall

WHICH ORGANELLES ARE FOUND IN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES?

• Cell membrane

• Cell wall

• Ribosomes

WHAT IS THE INCREASING ORDER OF LEVELS OF ORGINAZATION

• Cell- tissue- organ- system- organism

WHAT ADVANTAGE DO MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS HAVE OVER UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS?

• Their cells are specialized for different functions

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF CILIA AND FLAGELLA?

• Movement (mobility, motility)

WHAT IS THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY?

• Prokaryotic cell engulfs other prokaryotic cell eventually becoming a primitive plant cell or animal cell

2. PASSIVE TRANSPORT

WHY IS THIS TYPE OF TRANSPORT CELLED “PASSIVE”?

• No energy is used

WHAT IS THE DIFFUSION OF WATER CALLED?

• osmosis

IDENTIFY HYPOTONIC, HYPERTONIC, ISOTONIC:

• More h2o less solute- hypotonic

• Less h20 more solute- hypertonic

• Same h20 and solute- isotonic

WHAT TYPE OF DIFFUSION USES CARRIER PROTEINS?

• Facilitated diffusion

WHICH DIRECTION DO MOLECULES MOVE ACROSS THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT IN

THIS TYPE OF TRANSPORT?• High to low concentrations

WHAT IS A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE?

• Allows certain materials to pass through and others cant

HOW DOES THE SIZE OF MOLECULES AFFECT MOVEMENT ACROSS A MEMBRANE?

• Smaller things move accros

3. ACTIVE TRANSPORT

WHY IS THIS TYPE OF TRANSPORT CALLED

“ACTIVE” ?• Uses energy

WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT?

• Phagocytosis

• Pinocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Sodium/ potassium pump

WHICH DIRECTION DO MOLECULES MOVE ACROSS THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

IN THIS TYPE OF TRANSPORT? • Low to high

WHY IS THE SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP CONSIDERED ACTIVE TRANSPORT?

• Uses energy to move from low concentrations to high concentrations

4. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

IN WHAT ORGANELLE DOES THIS OCCUR?

• chloroplast

WHAT ARE THE REACTANTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

• H20 + CO2, and energy

WHAT ARE THE PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

• C6h12o6 + o2+ energy

WHAT IS THE CHEMICAL FORMULA FOR GLUCOSE?

• c6h12o6

WHAT DOES A POLYMER LOOK LIKE?

5. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

IN WHAT ORGANELLE DOES THIS OCCUR

• mitochondria

WHAT DO GLYCOLYSIS, FERMENTATION, AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION HAVE IN COMMON?

• They are all metabolic pathways that obtain and use energy

WHAT DOES ATP BREAK DOWN DURING CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

• glucose

IF A CELL RUNS OUT OF OXYGEN WHAT TYPE OF RESPIRATION WILL IT REVERT TO?• anaerobic

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN?

• ATP for energy is made to be utilized by the cell?

6. CELLULAR TRANSPORT AND ENERGY

IF WATER IS LEAVING A SOLUTION TO ENTER A CELL, THE SOLUTION IS ….

• Hypotonic,

• Water flows OUT of a hypotonic solution

IF WATER IS LEAVING THE CELL TO ENTER THE SOLUTION, THE SOLUTION IS…

• Hypertonic

• Water flows into a hypertonic solution

NAME THE PROCESS: H20 + CO2→C6H12O6

• Photosynthesis

NAME THE PROCESS: C6H12O6 +O2→ H2O + CO2

• Cellular respiration

WHEN PREFORMING THE EXPERIMENTS IN CLASS, WHAT SOLUTION IS COMMONLY

USED AS A CONTROL? • Distilled water

WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO HAVE A CONTROL

• For comparison

IN THE DIAGRAM BELOW, WHAT IS BEING USED AND BEING PRODUCED?

• X- energy

• Y-energy