CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Truesteel Affairjrchee0/CE 401 OLD (No Longer...•Josephson’s...

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Truesteel Affair

•Quiz 4- 5 Questions-10 minutes max. •Quiz 3: 4-10, 7.6; Historical 4-10, 7.6 •Meaning of Ethics (Continuation From Last Week)

•Comparison of ASCE and Josephson on Ethics •Core Ethical Values-Josephson and Other Groups Views •Moral Imperatives •Ethical Theories •False Theories of Ethics

•Truesteel Affair – Case Study-Application of Josephson’s GKC Model (Start Video No Later Than 9:10 or 12:10)

ASCE MATERIAL VS JOSEPHSON MATERIAL •How Does ASCE Define Ethics? From ASCE Readings

•Doing The “Right Thing” See HO Page 123 G

ASCE MATERIAL VS JOSEPHSON MATERIAL •How Does ASCE Define Ethics? From Website search

•Doing The “Right Thing”

•Does ASCE tell you how to determine which option is the “Right Thing”?

•How Does ASCE say you should determine the “Right Thing” to do?

•Use the Traditional Method Of Civil Engineering Inquiry

•How Does ASCE say you should determine the “Right Thing” to do?

•Use the Traditional Method Of Civil Engineering Inquiry

•What is The Traditional Method of CE Inquiry? •See HO Page 123 G

ASCE MATERIAL VS JOSEPHSON MATERIAL Josephson’ Decision Making Process ASCE’s Traditional Method of Civil

Engineering Inquiry

Stop and Think-Clarify Goals

Determine the Facts-Relevant

Develop Your Options-At least 3

Consider Consequences-On Stakeholders

Select The Option-Max. Good, Min. Bad

Monitor and Modify

ASCE MATERIAL VS JOSEPHSON MATERIAL

• No mention of minimum number

Josephson’ Decision Making Process ASCE’s Traditional Method of Civil Engineering Inquiry

Develop Your Options-At least 3 Listing the options (See Note)

Consider Consequences-On Stakeholders

Decide How To Implement and Act

Monitor and Modify

• No Mention of How To Test The Options, No Mention of Stakeholders

Develop Your Options-At least 3 Listing the options

Consider Consequences-On Stakeholders Testing the options (See Note)

Monitor and Modify

• No Mention of Basis for Selecting Any of the Options. Josephson Has 3 criteria for selection, GKC.

Consider Consequences-On Stakeholders Testing the options

Select The Option-Max. Good, Min. Bad Make the decision (See Note)

Monitor and Modify

• No Mention of How To Implement the decision

Select The Option-Max. Good, Min. Bad Make the decision

Decide How To Implement and Act Acting (See Note)

Monitor and Modify

• No Mention of How To Implement the decision

Stop and Think-Clarify Goals Step Not Identified by ASCE

Determine the Facts-Relevant Step Not Identified by ASCE

Select The Option-Max. Good, Min. Bad Make the decision

Decide How To Implement and Act Acting (See Note)

Monitor and Modify Step Not Identified by ASCE

ASCE MATERIAL VS JOSEPHSON MATERIAL •Why does Josephson Consider the Stakeholders?

•Because Ethics Must Focus On How our ACTIONS Affect Others

•Why does Josephson Insist on At Least 3 Options?

•Why does Josephson Insist on At Least 3 Options? •To consider the full dimensions of the decision you face, •To Avoid Falling Into “False Necessity Trap”

•How does Josephson “Test The Options”?

•How does Josephson “Test The Options”? •Are Stakeholder Interests Considered? •Is an Ethical Value violated to Advance a Non-Ethical Value? •Does the Option Yield maximum balance of good over bad?

•Because Ethics Must Focus On How our ACTIONS Affect Others •Why does Josephson Insist on At Least 3 Options?

•To consider the full dimensions of the decision you face, •To Avoid Falling Into “False Necessity Trap”

•Why Does Josephson monitor results?

•Because Ethics Must Focus On How our ACTIONS Affect Others •Why does Josephson Insist on At Least 3 Options?

•To consider the full dimensions of the decision you face, •To Avoid Falling Into “False Necessity Trap”

•Why Does Josephson monitor results? •To Identify Unintended harmful consequences •To Give Opportunity to Correct Bad Decision

ASCE MATERIAL VS JOSEPHSON MATERIAL •Why Do Engineers Do Wrong Thing Per ASCE?

•Time Constraints •Promotion Opportunities •Family •Job Security •Peer Pressure •Supervisor Pressure •Professional Reputation

•See HO Page 123 G

ASCE MATERIAL VS JOSEPHSON MATERIAL •How Does Josephson Explain Why People do Wrong?

•People Rationalize Their Wrong Doing.

•What Rationalizations Does Josephson Identify?

DILEMMA AND ETHICAL DILEMMA •What Is A Dilemma?

DILEMMA AND ETHICAL DILEMMA •What Is A Dilemma? A Situation that requires a choice between equally undesirable alternatives

DILEMMA AND ETHICAL DILEMMA •What Is A Dilemma? A Situation that requires a choice between equally undesirable alternatives •What Is An Ethical Dilemma?

DILEMMA AND ETHICAL DILEMMA •What Is A Dilemma? A Situation that requires a choice between equally undesirable alternatives •What Is An Ethical Dilemma? A Situation that requires a choice between Moral Imperatives (Core Ethical Values)

DILEMMA AND ETHICAL DILEMMA •What Is A Dilemma? A Situation that requires a choice between equally undesirable alternatives •What Is An Ethical Dilemma? A Situation that requires a choice between Moral Imperatives (Core Ethical Values) •What Is A Moral Imperative?

DILEMMA AND ETHICAL DILEMMA •What Is A Dilemma? A Situation that requires a choice between equally undesirable alternatives •What Is An Ethical Dilemma? A Situation that requires a choice between Moral Imperatives (Core Ethical Values) •What Is A Moral Imperative? An outcome that must be achieved.

DILEMMA AND ETHICAL DILEMMA •What Is A Dilemma? A Situation that requires a choice between equally undesirable alternatives •What Is An Ethical Dilemma? A Situation that requires a choice between Moral Imperatives (Core Ethical Values) •What Is A Moral Imperative? Something that must happen because it is the right thing

•A moral imperative is an ethical responsibility. •http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/5i.htm

MORAL IMPERATIVES •What Is A Moral Imperative? Something that must happen because it is the right thing

•A moral imperative is an ethical responsibility. •http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/5i.htm

•People often elevate personal goals to a level of a Moral Imperative

•Getting a certain job •Winning an election •Winning a ball game

Tanya Harding is the IDI Poster Child – See the Sign in the Background:

“DO WHATEVER IT TAKES”

She Elevated Her Personal Goal To A Moral Imperative

CORE VALUES FROM OTHER GROUPS •Josephson’s Six Pillars of Character:

1 Trustworthiness 2 Responsibility 3 Respect 4 Justice and Fairness 5 Caring 6 Civic Virtue/Citizenship

•Seven Cardinal Virtues: 1 Justice 2 Prudence 3 Fortitude 4 Temperance 5 Faith 6 Hope 7 Charity

•Boy Scout Creed: 1 Trustworthy 2 Loyal 3 Helpful 4 Friendly 5 Courteous 6 Kind 7 Obedient 8 Cheerful 9 Thrifty 10 Brave 11 Clean 12 Reverent

•Institute For Professional Practice (IPP): Engineers 1 Integrity 2 Honesty 3 Fidelity 4 Charity 5 Responsibility 6 Self Discipline

•Top References of Core Values When People Asked: 1 Integrity 2 Honesty 3 Respect 4 Excellence 5 Education 6 Family 7 Responsibility 8 Leadership 9 Service

TO WHOM DO THE CORE ETHICAL VALUES APPLY •Do you believe they apply to me? Show of hands

TO WHOM DO THE CORE ETHICAL VALUES APPLY •Do you believe they apply to me? Show of hands •Do you believe they apply to everybody else?

TO WHOM DO THE CORE ETHICAL VALUES APPLY •Do you believe they apply to me? Show of hands •Do you believe they apply to everybody else? •Do you believe they apply to you?

WHY DON’T PEOPLE DO THE RIGHT THING? (NOT THE ASCE EXCUSES OR JOSEPHSON’S RATIONALIZATIONS)

•What are the basic obstacles to being ethical? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________

•What are the basic obstacles to being ethical? 1. The Ethics of Self-Interest 2. ___________________________________ 3. ___________________________________

•What are the basic obstacles to being ethical? 1. The Ethics of Self-Interest 2. Fear 3. ___________________________________

•What are the basic obstacles to being ethical? 1. Self-Interest 2. Fear 3. Faulty Analysis

•What are the basic obstacles to being ethical? 1. Self-Interest 2. Fear 3. Faulty Analysis Story of the Dying Man and his Three Sons

•Story of the Dying Man and his Three Sons •Reveals How many people think about ethics

•Story of the Dying Man and his Three Sons •Reveals How many people think about ethics •Each Son Filtered and Self justified his behavior

•Minister: I did it for others; I did not gain personally

•Minister: I did it for others; I did not gain personally •Accountant: I’ve got it coming

•Minister: I did it for others; I did not gain personally •Accountant: I’ve got it coming •Lawyer: If it’s legal, it’s ethical

•Ethics is about Actions not Rhetoric

•Behavior Survey last week taken by thousands and results compiled for many years. Most People Say:

•Others regard me as an Ethical Person

•Others regard me as an Ethical Person •I am ethical, but I am not sure about my neighbor

•Others regard me as an Ethical Person •I am ethical, but I am not sure about my neighbor •My ethical standards are higher than society’s

•Others regard me as an Ethical Person •I am ethical, but I am not sure about my neighbor •My ethical standards are higher than society’s •My Profession is more ethical than other professions, &

•Others regard me as an Ethical Person •I am ethical, but I am not sure about my neighbor •My ethical standards are higher than society’s •My Profession is more ethical than other professions, & •I am more ethical than others in my profession

MORAL DUTIES AND VIRTUES COME FROM GENERAL THEORIES OF ETHICS

•Moral Philosophers Have Debated Right and Wrong for hundreds, thousands of years

•Four Theories have withstood scrutiny and test of time

•Four Theories have withstood scrutiny and test of time •Duty Ethics

•Four Theories have withstood scrutiny and test of time •Duty Ethics •Rights Ethics

•Four Theories have withstood scrutiny and test of time •Duty Ethics •Rights Ethics •Virtue Ethics

•Four Theories have withstood scrutiny and test of time •Duty Ethics •Rights Ethics •Virtue Ethics •Utilitarianism

•Each Starts from different definition of proper conduct, but for most cases, each yield similar results

FALSE THEORIES OF ETHICS •They do not withstand scrutiny

•Ethical Egoism: The sole duty of each person is to maximize his own good with no self restraint.

•Ethical Egoism: The sole duty of each person is to maximize his own good with no self restraint. •Ethical Conventionalism: Ethics reduces to the law or custom of a society or culture, but believing something is right does not make it right.

Truesteel Affair

FALSE THEORIES OF ETHICS

•Ethical Egoism: The sole duty of each person is to maximize his own good with no self restraint. •Ethical Conventionalism: Ethics reduces to the law or custom of a society or culture, but believing something is right does not make it right. •Divine Command Ethics: God commands what is right and wrong, but what should be do about Son Of Sam who killed because God commanded him through dogs to kill?

TRUESTEEL AFFAIR •Robert Williams-Structural Engineer who faces ethical dilemma.

•Will stop video at the point of decision for discussion •Small Group analysis then general discussion

•What decision must Robert make? •Define the Ethical Dilemma that Robert Faces •Who are the Stakeholders? •What options are available? Is each Ethically Viable? •What would you do?

TRUESTEEL AFFAIR •Robert Williams Knows the following:

•Trusses fabricated incorrectly and as built: •Do not satisfy Code •Are Probably Unsafe, and •Could Fail under heavy loads

•He is responsible for the truss design and fabrication •If trusses fail,

•Severe property damage and consequential economic losses •Personal Injuries Likely •Loss of life possible

TRUESTEEL AFFAIR •Robert Williams Knows the following:

•If Trusses Fail, you and Truesteel will by legally liable because you owe duty to public safety, your client, and your employer •The Trusses can be repaired in shop or on site

•Will take time and •Will cost Company ( or someone) money

•Project is already late on delivery with cost overruns, and Truesteel’s bank has called all loans in immediately

TRUESTEEL AFFAIR (Start No Later Than 9:10 or 12:10)

•As you watch, put yourself in Robert Williams shoes •Look for the rationalizations-See how many you can find •In small groups, answer all the questions, and when done with all

•First Group Puts 2 Stakeholders and 1 Option on Board •Other Groups Add 1 Stakeholder and 1 Option to Board •Each Group Add 1 Rationalization Used in the Video

TRUESTEEL AFFAIR •What decision must Robert Make?

•Carter said, “Cut the hysterics Robert, all I want to know is will you get in my way?” •Decision Robert faces is whether to get in Carter’s way

TRUESTEEL AFFAIR •Does Robert face an Ethical Dilemma, and if Yes, define his ethical dilemma?

•Yes, Robert faces an ethical dilemma. •He must decide whether to honor his duty of loyalty to Truesteel/Carter at the expense of his duty to protect the public safety. •He can’t do both in this case.

TRUESTEEL AFFAIR •Who are the stakeholders?

•Robert and his family •Carter/Truesteel/Employees •Dixon/Developer/Investors/Owners/Client •Workers at mall and individual store owners •Shopping Public •Engineering Profession

TRUESTEEL AFFAIR •What options can Robert Consider? Is each viable?

•Go along with Carter: Honor loyalty duty at expense of duty to public safety •Get independent opinion on adequacy of trusses to persuade Carter to repair them (Get trusses fixed) •Blow the Whistle on Carter/Truesteel if he refuses to repair the trusses. (Can do De George Analysis, but Robert is a PE) •Resign from Truesteel and move on with career elsewhere (without saying anything). Probably not viable

TRUESTEEL AFFAIR •What Rationalizations Appeared In the Video?

•Everybody Does It

•Everybody Does It •I did it for others

•Everybody Does It •I did it for others •If It’s Necessary, It’s Ethical

•Everybody Does It •I did it for others •If It’s Necessary, It’s Ethical •It’s Part Of The Job

TRUESTEEL AFFAIR •What would you do? Show of hands

•Go along with Carter: •Get independent opinion on adequacy of trusses to persuade Carter to repair them (Get trusses fixed) •Blow the Whistle on Carter/Truesteel if he refuses to repair the trusses. (Can do De George Analysis) •Resign from Truesteel and move on with career elsewhere (without saying anything). Probably not viable

•Finish Video •Next Week – Gilbane Gold

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Truesteel Affairjrchee0/CE 401 OLD (No Longer...•Josephson’s...

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