CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

CE-401 Information•To resolve Issues:

•Need to bring all substantive issues about CE-401 to me;•Need to bring all CANVAS issues to Suzy in CE office, and me.

•How To Reach Me:•Communications with me MUST be by email ce-401@windstream.net for:

•Discussion Group Formation•Essay Group Formation•Essay Submittal•Pin Number Requests

•For all other contacts, you may use email or CANVAS IM

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

CE-401 Information•Class Schedule allocates 1:50 (110 Minutes) for each session

•Goal is to use 60 to 70 minutes in class most weeks depending upon the focus on the discussion questions and how many rabbits we chase•Exception: Conflict Resolution Workshop Weeks will require full 2 hrs.

•Only On Campus Friday, OHR 369 (Across from break area) Typical:•Office 7:15 am to 7:45 am; •Class 7:50 am to 9:10 +/-;•Office 9:15 +/- to 10:45 am;•In Class 10:50 am to 12:10 +/-; and•Will stay after class as needed for course related purposes

•Weekly Power Points and other material available for download •http://www.engr.uky.edu/~jrchee0/CE%20401/•You will need this link to access this and future PowerPoints.•Tons of additional Information that you may find useful during career•I will post the PDF of the PowerPoints each Friday

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

CE-401 Information Available via CANVAS

Any questions about these documents?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

CE-401 Information Available via CANVAS •Important Information Document•Syllabus

•Use of electronic devices in class forbidden without my approval, and•Attendance and tardiness are major issues; Be here on time!

•Procedures for Weekly Group Discussions•Become familiar with the procedures and follow them•Establish your discussion groups by Monday by email to me per the Procedures. •If I don’t respond to your email, it is because I did not get the email.

•Essay Assignment-Essay Due Date, March 27, no extensions; •Watershed event for final grade in CE 401•“Incident At Morales” – Essay Subject Material•Need to Understand the assignment-Bring questions to me •Establish your essay teams by Friday by email to me per the Assignment. •If I don’t respond to your email, it is because I did not get the email.

•Email me if any questions about these documents arise?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Procedures for Each Week:

Quizzes•10 Quizzes Worth Total 120 Points

•1st and 10th quizzes worth 20 points each, •2nd through 9th quizzes worth 10 points each

•Quizzes are timed, 1 minute per point•Quizzes will be available each Thursday•Quiz opens at 3 pm and closes at Midnight.•Contact me if you require additional time •Set up alternate times in advance if required.

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Procedures for Each Week:

Quizzes•Quizzes are an INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY

•Quizzes provide the measurement of individual work required by ABET.•In practice, many activities are collaborative with colleagues and some require individual effort. This emulates the individual aspect of that reality•Do not collaborate, (CANVAS can reveal collaboration).

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Procedures for Each Week:

Quiz Questions•Basis For Questions:

•Readings, videos, etc. since the last quiz, and •In-class discussions since the last quiz.

•Questions Primarily Multiple Choice with some True-False•Value of Questions:

•Multiple Choice questions: 2 points each•True-False questions: 1 point each

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At MoralesDiscussion Groups Week 01

Spring 2020 Teams For Section 01 For Week 01 Only

A Arthur Hall Oldfield B Brewer Haslet Reed C Dancey Kemper Roshel D Griffith Springer Walther EF

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question Assignments Week 01Last Update 17-Jan-20 10:32 AM

Section 1 Week 1 Discussion Question Activity ReportQuestion Group Leader 1 2 3 4 5

1 A Arthur Arthur Hall Oldfield 1 D Griffith Griffith Springer Walther 1 F2 A Hall Arthur Hall Oldfield 2 C Dancey Dancey Kemper Roshel 2 F3 A Oldfield Arthur Hall Oldfield 3 C Kemper Dancey Kemper Roshel 3 E4 B Brewer Brewer Haslet Reed 4 C Roshel Dancey Kemper Roshel 4 E5 B Haslet Brewer Haslet Reed 5 D Springer Griffith Springer Walther 5 E6 B Reed Brewer Haslet Reed 6 D Walther Griffith Springer Walther 6 F

Font Legendnon-bold No post made, time for posting remains non-bold Late Post before consensus, 20% lossBold Post made within Time Bold Post is made after consensus, 60% lossNon-Bold Leader-No Consensus Posted, -5 Points Ital. non-bold No Post Made, 100% loss

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #1Some engineers have noted that they work "fast, good and cheap" and their "client may choose any two". This assertion means engineers can work fast and good, but not cheap, fast and cheap, but not good, or good and cheap, but not fast, but it also means engineers cannot achieve all 3 attributes in their work simultaneously. Is the assertion that engineers cannot work "fast, good and cheap" simultaneously either right or wrong, and in 2 or 3 sentences, explain why? A Arthur

D Griffith F

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #1Some engineers have noted that they work "fast, good and cheap" and their "client may choose any two". This assertion means engineers can work fast and good, but not cheap, fast and cheap, but not good, or good and cheap, but not fast, but it also means engineers cannot achieve all 3 attributes in their work simultaneously. Is the assertion that engineers cannot work "fast, good and cheap" simultaneously either right or wrong, and in 2 or 3 sentences, explain why?

1. What is the most important component required to give clients high quality (work good) in engineering design?

2. If an engineering company spends more for labor than all other expenses added together, what is the most effective way for that company to provide services at a low cost (work cheap)?

3. How does working fast, i.e. to finish a final design in 5 weeks instead of the usual 9 months (work fast) affect the company’s operating cost and work quality?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #1Some engineers have noted that they work "fast, good and cheap" and their "client may choose any two". This assertion means engineers can work fast and good, but not cheap, fast and cheap, but not good, or good and cheap, but not fast, but it also means engineers cannot achieve all 3 attributes in their work simultaneously. Is the assertion that engineers cannot work "fast, good and cheap" simultaneously either right or wrong, and in 2 or 3 sentences, explain why?

1. What is the most important component required to give clients high quality (work good) in engineering design?

Experienced, talented engineers!2. If an engineering company spends more for labor than all

other expenses added together, what is the most effective way for that company to provide services at a low cost (work cheap)?

3. How does working fast, i.e. to finish a final design in 5 weeks instead of the usual 9 months (work fast) affect the company’s operating cost and work quality?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #1Some engineers have noted that they work "fast, good and cheap" and their "client may choose any two". This assertion means engineers can work fast and good, but not cheap, fast and cheap, but not good, or good and cheap, but not fast, but it also means engineers cannot achieve all 3 attributes in their work simultaneously. Is the assertion that engineers cannot work "fast, good and cheap" simultaneously either right or wrong, and in 2 or 3 sentences, explain why?

1. What is the most important component required to give clients high quality (work good) in engineering design?

Experienced, talented engineers!2. If an engineering company spends more for labor than all

other expenses added together, what is the most effective way for that company to provide services at a low cost (work cheap)? Cheap Labor

3. How does working fast, i.e. to finish a final design in 5 weeks instead of the usual 9 months (work fast) affect the company’s operating cost and work quality?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #2Mark Zweig observes, ‘The only strategy that really makes sense for a professional services firm is one of high quality and high price. … Firms that are trying to be the lowest-cost providers in the market sectors are destined for failure.’ In 2 or 3 sentences, why is Zweig right or wrong that 'lowest cost' and 'high quality' are incompatible.

A Hall C Dancey F

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #2Mark Zweig observes, ‘The only strategy that really makes sense for a professional services firm is one of high quality and high price. … Firms that are trying to be the lowest-cost providers in the market sectors are destined for failure.’ In 2 or 3 sentences, why is Zweig right or wrong that 'lowest cost' and 'high quality' are incompatible.

1. Is the answer the same for all professional services, whether engineering, architecture, medicine, law, nursing, … , and why?

2. Is the answer the same for people who make and sell a product as opposed to people that provide a professional service, and why?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #2Mark Zweig observes, ‘The only strategy that really makes sense for a professional services firm is one of high quality and high price. … Firms that are trying to be the lowest-cost providers in the market sectors are destined for failure.’ In 2 or 3 sentences, why is Zweig right or wrong that 'lowest cost' and 'high quality' are incompatible.

1. Is the answer the same for all professional services, whether engineering, architecture, medicine, law, nursing, … , and why?

2. Is the answer the same for people who make and sell a product as opposed to people that provide a professional service, and why?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #2Mark Zweig observes, ‘The only strategy that really makes sense for a professional services firm is one of high quality and high price. … Firms that are trying to be the lowest-cost providers in the market sectors are destined for failure.’ In 2 or 3 sentences, why is Zweig right or wrong that 'lowest cost' and 'high quality' are incompatible.

3. Consider an engineering company with 10 total employees and costs on $2,000,000 Gross Revenue.

Payroll (including all payroll burden cost): $1,000,000Insurance (Facilities, CGL, PLI, Key Man, Autos): $240,000 Supplies (Office and Field): $160,000Facilities (Rent, Utilities, Repair/Maintenance): $120,000 Equipment (Purchase, Repair/Maintenance): $100,000Training and Recruiting: $50,000Business Development, Marketing: $30,000Project Direct Costs (travel, equipment, etc.): $100,000 to $200,000Profit (Is Not A Dirty Word): $100,000 to $200,000

To be lowest-cost provider, it must cut gross revenue by $200,000.What is the most effective way for this company to cut its cost in order to be competitive as the lowest cost engineering company in its market?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #2Mark Zweig observes, ‘The only strategy that really makes sense for a professional services firm is one of high quality and high price. … Firms that are trying to be the lowest-cost providers in the market sectors are destined for failure.’ In 2 or 3 sentences, why is Zweig right or wrong that 'lowest cost' and 'high quality' are incompatible.

3. Consider an engineering company with 10 total employees and costs on $2,000,000 Gross Revenue.

Payroll (including all payroll burden cost): $1,000,000Insurance (Facilities, CGL, PLI, Key Man, Autos): $240,000 Supplies (Office and Field): $160,000Facilities (Rent, Utilities, Repair/Maintenance): $120,000 Equipment (Purchase, Repair/Maintenance): $100,000Training and Recruiting: $50,000Business Development, Marketing: $30,000Project Direct Costs (travel, equipment, etc.): $200,000 to $100,000Profit (Is Not A Dirty Word): $100,000 to $200,000

To be highest-cost provider, it must increase gross revenue by $200,000.What is the most effective way for this company to use the additional revenue it generates from this fee increase, and why?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #3ASCE's Aspirational vision places Civil Engineers and our profession as leaders in the public debate on environmental and infrastructure policy.Does having Civil Engineers and our profession lead the U. S. public policy debate on environmental and infrastructure policy affect the United States, positively or negatively, and in 2-3 additional sentences, explain why? A Oldfield

C Kemper E

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #3ASCE's Aspirational vision places Civil Engineers and our profession as leaders in the public debate on environmental and infrastructure policy.Does having Civil Engineers and our profession lead the U. S. public policy debate on environmental and infrastructure policy affect the United States, positively or negatively, and in 2-3 additional sentences, explain why?

1. How are environmental and infrastructure policy established in our country, and by whom?

2. Should environmental and infrastructure policies be governed by technical needs and requirements or political preferences?

3. Who would be more competent to address the nation’s environmental and infrastructure issues; lawyers, politicians, Civil Engineers, or the public?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #3ASCE's Aspirational vision places Civil Engineers and our profession as leaders in the public debate on environmental and infrastructure policy.Does having Civil Engineers and our profession lead the U. S. public policy debate on environmental and infrastructure policy affect the United States, positively or negatively, and in 2-3 additional sentences, explain why?

1. How are environmental and infrastructure policy established in our country, and by whom?

2. Should environmental and infrastructure policies be governed by technical needs and requirements or political preferences?

3. Who would be more competent to address the nation’s environmental and infrastructure issues; lawyers, politicians, Civil Engineers, or the public?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #3ASCE's Aspirational vision places Civil Engineers and our profession as leaders in the public debate on environmental and infrastructure policy.Does having Civil Engineers and our profession lead the U. S. public policy debate on environmental and infrastructure policy affect the United States, positively or negatively, and in 2-3 additional sentences, explain why?

1. How are environmental and infrastructure policy established in our country, and by whom?

2. Should environmental and infrastructure policies be governed by technical needs and requirements or political preferences?

3. Who would be more competent to address the nation’s environmental and infrastructure issues; lawyers, politicians, Civil Engineers, or the public?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #4When a client hires an engineer to perform services, the client can do so based on the experience and qualifications of the engineers he considers (Qualification Based Selection, QBS), or the client can do so based on the fee these engineers charge for their services (Competitive Bidding).Which of these methods does the engineering profession support for the procurement of design professional services in the public and private sectors? In 2 or 3 sentences, explain why the profession has adopted this position.

B Brewer C Roshel E

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #4When a client hires an engineer to perform services, the client can do so based on the experience and qualifications of the engineers he considers (Qualification Based Selection, QBS), or the client can do so based on the fee these engineers charge for their services (Competitive Bidding).Which of these methods does the engineering profession support for the procurement of design professional services in the public and private sectors? In 2 or 3 sentences, explain why the profession has adopted this position.

1. What does QBS stand for and whose interest does QBS protect?2. With QBS, who determines what defines the “most qualified”

engineer during the selection process?3. Which type of client is most likely, likely, and least likely to use

QBS to hire a design professionals, and why?Client Type Least Likely Most

Sophisticated Private Sector Owners ___ ___ ___Unsophisticated Private Sector Owners ___ ___ ___The Federal Government ___ ___ ___

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #4When a client hires an engineer to perform services, the client can do so based on the experience and qualifications of the engineers he considers (Qualification Based Selection, QBS), or the client can do so based on the fee these engineers charge for their services (Competitive Bidding).Which of these methods does the engineering profession support for the procurement of design professional services in the public and private sectors? In 2 or 3 sentences, explain why the profession has adopted this position.

1. What does QBS stand for and whose interest does QBS protect?2. With QBS, who determines what defines the “most qualified”

engineer during the selection process?3. Which type of client is most likely, likely, and least likely to use

QBS to hire a design professionals, and why?Client Type Least Likely Most

Sophisticated Private Sector Owners ___ ___ ___Unsophisticated Private Sector Owners ___ ___ ___The Federal Government ___ ___ ___

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #4When a client hires an engineer to perform services, the client can do so based on the experience and qualifications of the engineers he considers (Qualification Based Selection, QBS), or the client can do so based on the fee these engineers charge for their services (Competitive Bidding).Which of these methods does the engineering profession support for the procurement of design professional services in the public and private sectors? In 2 or 3 sentences, explain why the profession has adopted this position.

1. What does QBS stand for and whose interest does QBS protect?2. With QBS, who determines what defines the “most qualified”

engineer during the selection process?3. Which type of client is most likely, likely, and least likely to use

QBS to hire a design professionals, and why?Client Type Least Likely Most

Sophisticated Private Sector Owners ___ ___ ___Unsophisticated Private Sector Owners ___ ___ ___The Federal Government ___ ___ ___

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #4When a client hires an engineer to perform services, the client can do so based on the experience and qualifications of the engineers he considers (Qualification Based Selection, QBS), or the client can do so based on the fee these engineers charge for their services (Competitive Bidding).Which of these methods does the engineering profession support for the procurement of design professional services in the public and private sectors? In 2 or 3 sentences, explain why the profession has adopted this position.

1. What does QBS stand for and whose interest does QBS protect?2. With QBS, who determines what defines the “most qualified”

engineer during the selection process?3. Which type of client is most likely, likely, and least likely to use

QBS to hire a design professionals, and why?Client Type Least Likely Most

Sophisticated Private Sector Owners ___ _X_ ___Unsophisticated Private Sector Owners _X_ ___ ___The Federal Government ___ ___ _X_

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #51. If a client uses QBS, can the client consider fee

before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3 sentences, explain why?

2. If a client uses competitive bidding, can the client consider experience and qualifications before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3 sentences, explain why? B Haslet

D Springer E

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #5If a client uses QBS, can the client consider fee before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3 sentences, explain why?If a client uses competitive bidding, can the client consider experience and qualifications before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3 sentences, explain why?

1. (a) You are the owner who needs to hire an engineering company to design your project. Engineer A will design your project for 6% of construction cost, and Engineer B will design your project for 8% of construction cost. How will these fee factors affect your decision?

2. How does an engineer’s experience with a type of project affect construction and life cycle costs for the project?

3. If Design costs 6% to 8% of construction cost, and life cycle costs are 5 to 8 times construction cost, how does an owner decide which engineer’s design proposal will be least expensive for the owner?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #5If a client uses QBS, can the client consider fee before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3 sentences, explain why?If a client uses competitive bidding, can the client consider experience and qualifications before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3 sentences, explain why?

1. (b) You are the owner who needs to hire an engineering company to design your project. Engineer X has never completed a similar project and Engineer Z has successfully completed several similar projects. How will these experience factors affect your decision?

2. How does an engineer’s experience with a type of project affect construction and life cycle costs for the project?

3. If Design costs 6% to 8% of construction cost, and life cycle costs are 5 to 8 times construction cost, how does an owner decide which engineer’s design proposal will be least expensive for the owner?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #5If a client uses QBS, can the client consider fee before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3 sentences, explain why?If a client uses competitive bidding, can the client consider experience and qualifications before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3 sentences, explain why?

1. (c) You are the owner who needs to hire an engineering company to design your project. Engineer M has never completed a similar project and requests a fee of 6% of construction cost. Engineer P has successfully completed several similar projects and requests a fee of 8% of construction costs. How will you balance the fee and experience factors in making your decision?

2. How does an engineer’s experience with a type of project affect construction and life cycle costs for the project?

3. If Design costs 6% to 8% of construction cost, and life cycle costs are 5 to 8 times construction cost, how does an owner decide which engineer’s design proposal will be least expensive for the owner?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #5If a client uses QBS, can the client consider fee before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3 sentences, explain why?If a client uses competitive bidding, can the client consider experience and qualifications before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3 sentences, explain why?

1. (c) You are the owner who needs to hire an engineering company to design your project. Engineer M has never completed a similar project and requests a fee of 6% of construction cost. Engineer P has successfully completed several similar projects and requests a fee of 8% of construction costs. How will you balance the fee and experience factors in making your decision?

2. How does an engineer’s experience with a type of project affect construction and life cycle costs for the project?

3. If Design costs 6% to 8% of construction cost, and life cycle costs are 5 to 8 times construction cost, how does an owner decide which engineer’s design proposal will be least expensive for the owner?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #5If a client uses QBS, can the client consider fee before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3 sentences, explain why?If a client uses competitive bidding, can the client consider experience and qualifications before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3 sentences, explain why?

1. (c) You are the owner who needs to hire an engineering company to design your project. Engineer M has never completed a similar project and requests a fee of 6% of construction cost. Engineer P has successfully completed several similar projects and requests a fee of 8% of construction costs. How will you balance the fee and experience factors in making your decision?

2. How does an engineer’s experience with a type of project affect construction and life cycle costs for the project?

3. If Design costs 6% to 8% of construction cost, and life cycle costs (maintenance and personnel) are 3 to 4 times construction cost, how does an owner decide which engineer’s design proposal will be least expensive? Note: At the extreme, Life Cycle Costs can be as high as 50 times construction costs. See https://www.wbdg.org/resources/life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #5Design & CM: 15%Construction: 100%Life Cycle: 385%

http://www.buildersassociation.com/docs/Education/Estimating%20Academy/Mark%20Gardner%20Total%20Cost%20of%20Ownership.pdf

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #5Consider a 3,000,000 Project Assuming

Engineers A and B designs cost the same to build and operate

Function Engineer A Engineer B Difference

Design Fee 6%; $180,000 8%; $240,000 $60,000 or 33%

Construction Cost

$3,000,000 = $3,180,000 $3,000,000 = $3,240,000 $60,000, or 2%

Life Cycle Cost

$9,000,000=$12,180,000 $9,000,000 = $12,240,000 $60,000 or 0.5%

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #5What if Engineer B’s Design

Reduces Construction Cost by 3%?Function Engineer A Engineer B Difference

Design Fee 6%; $180,000 8%; $240,000 $60,000 or 33%

Construction Cost

$3,000,000 = $3,180,000 $2,910,000 = $3,150,000 $-30,000, or -0.9%

Life Cycle Cost

$9,000,000=$12,180,000 $9,000,000 = $12,150,000 $-30,000 or -0.24%

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #5What if Engineer B’s Design

Reduces Life Cycle Cost by 3%?Function Engineer A Engineer B Difference

Design Fee 6%; $180,000 8%; $240,000 $60,000 or 33%

Construction Cost

$3,000,000 = $3,180,000 $2,910,000 = $3,150,000 $-30,000, or -0.9%

Life Cycle Cost

$9,000,000=$12,180,000 $8,730,000 = $11,880,000 $-300,000 or -2.4%

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #5• QBS protects the financial interests of the owner by

allowing the owner to focus first on the experience and qualifications of the potential designers before considering the engineers’ fees.

• Quality during design usually translates into lower construction and life cycle costs.

• The design cost is highly leveraged against construction and life cycle costs, which minimizes the significance of most if not all design fee differences.

• Therefore, engineers should emphasize during selection process how their clients saved money on their projects due to designs that yielded reduced construction and life cycle costs.

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #6Ernest Greenwood wrote over 60 years ago that a profession is distinguished from non-professional occupations by five attributes, all of which exist with the professions while non-professional occupations may satisfy some, but not all of these professional attributes.In 2 or 3 sentences, please explain why non-professional occupations seek professional status from the government.

B Reed D Walther F

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #6Ernest Greenwood wrote over 60 years ago that a profession is distinguished from non-professional occupations by five attributes, all of which exist with the professions while non-professional occupations may satisfy some, but not all of these professional attributes.In 2 or 3 sentences, please explain why non-professional occupations seek professional status from the government.

1. If a profession has legal authority to self regulate its entry requirements, its membership, and its members’ conduct, how does this protect the public health, safety and welfare?

2. Why does government treat professions differently than it treats other occupations?

3. Does calling one’s occupation a profession, e.g. Professional Baseball Player, make that occupation a profession? Why?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #6Ernest Greenwood wrote over 60 years ago that a profession is distinguished from non-professional occupations by five attributes, all of which exist with the professions while non-professional occupations may satisfy some, but not all of these professional attributes.In 2 or 3 sentences, please explain why non-professional occupations seek professional status from the government.

1. If a profession has legal authority to self regulate its entry requirements, its membership, and its members’ conduct, how is the public health, safety and welfare protected?

2. Why does government treat professions differently than it treats other occupations?

3. Does calling one’s occupation a profession, e.g. Professional Baseball Player, make that occupation a profession? Why?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #6Ernest Greenwood wrote over 60 years ago that a profession is distinguished from non-professional occupations by five attributes, all of which exist with the professions while non-professional occupations may satisfy some, but not all of these professional attributes.In 2 or 3 sentences, please explain why non-professional occupations seek professional status from the government.

1. If a profession has legal authority to self regulate its entry requirements, its membership, and its members’ conduct, how is the public health, safety and welfare protected?

2. Why does government treat professions differently than it treats other occupations?

3. Does calling one’s occupation a profession, e.g. Professional Baseball Player, make that occupation a profession? Why?

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #1Some engineers have noted that they work "fast, good and cheap" and their "client may choose any two". This assertion means engineers can work fast and good, but not cheap, fast and cheap, but not good, or good and cheap, but not fast, but it also means engineers cannot achieve all 3 attributes in their work simultaneously. Is the assertion that engineers cannot work "fast, good and cheap" simultaneously either right or wrong, and in 2 or 3 sentences, explain why?

A local engineering company displayed this truism on a plaque in their lobby for many years. It is correct that engineering work cannot be performed in a manner that is fast, good, and cheap at the same time. 1. As we will see in Discussion Question #2, if a client wants high quality, it

cannot be provided at a cheap price, regardless of the speed of delivery. This is a natural tension that exists in all business, but for professional services like engineering, the tension is amplified.

2. When a client needs work performed fast, either the quality of the work or the cost of the work, and perhaps both will be negatively impacted

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #2Mark Zweig observes, ‘The only strategy that really makes sense for a professional services firm is one of high quality and high price. … Firms that are trying to be the lowest-cost providers in the market sectors are destined for failure.’ In 2 or 3 sentences, why is Zweig right or wrong that 'lowest cost' and 'high quality' are incompatible.

Zweig is right that a professional services company that strives to be the lowest cost providers are destined to eventually fail. High quality is necessary for long term business success, and lowest cost is incompatible with high quality. The quality of the professional service is determined by the experience and expertise of the service providers. Service providers with the greatest experience and expertise command higher compensation in the market. For an engineering company, labor cost is the largest single cost paid by the company, consuming 50% more or less of all business income for direct and indirect labor cost plus the payroll burden, e.g. insurances, vacations, holidays, sick time, etc.. The only way the engineering company can be the lowest cost provider is to reduce labor costs, which requires hiring lesser qualified people, which is contrary to maintaining high quality.

There is a difference between operating costs and fee for service. The fee for professional services is the sum of labor cost, overhead, and profit for the service applied to the scope of work performed. Therefore, when engineering companies quote drastically different fees for a project, the contribution of labor cost, overhead, and profit factors are dwarfed by the impact of scope variations between the fee quotes. In other words, if engineer A quotes a fee of X and engineer B quotes a fee of 1.5X, that is because the scope of work quoted by engineer B is about 50% more than the scope of work quoted by engineer A.

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #3ASCE's Aspirational vision places Civil Engineers and our profession as leaders in the public debate on environmental and infrastructure policy.Does having Civil Engineers and our profession lead the U. S. public policy debate on environmental and infrastructure policyaffect the United States, positively or negatively, and in 2-3 additional sentences, explain why?

Civil Engineers have the expertise required to address and find viable solutions for environmental and infrastructure needs and issues facing the nation. Bringing that expertise to bear in the public policy debate about such matters would benefit the nation because engineers are not only trained problem solvers, that training and experience are essential ingredients to identify the best, long term solutions for the nation in these areas.While many engineers understand that a better tomorrow cannot be achieved without Civil Engineers’ contributions, many engineers have also observed that our Profession has abdicated its responsibility in this regard. The nation will benefit most when Civil Engineers are active in the public policy debates.

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #4When a client hires an engineer to perform services, the client can do so based on the experience and qualifications of the engineers he considers (Qualification Based Selection, QBS), or the client can do so based on the fee these engineers charge fortheir services (Competitive Bidding).Which of these methods does the engineering profession support for the procurement of design professional services in the public and private sectors? In 2 or 3 sentences, explain why the profession has adopted this position.

The profession supports the use of QBS for the procurement of design professional services in the public and private sectors because QBS produces the most value for clients and society by minimizing long term, life cycle project costs. Design services typically represent about 5 to 10% of total project construction cost and a tiny fraction of life cycle costs, but the quality of the design service determines how much money must be spent for both construction and O&M costs for a facility. A client seeking to save money during design, may save 2 or 3 % of construction costs at the most by selecting the cheapest quality engineer for the design instead of the highest quality engineer. However, saving that money on the front end will likely cost that client 10% or even much more on increased construction costs. This leveraging makes selection of the design professional based on qualifications the only wise business decision for the client.

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #51. If a client uses QBS, can the client consider fee before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3 sentences, explain why?2. If a client uses competitive bidding, can the client consider experience and qualifications before hiring the engineer, and in 2 to 3

sentences, explain why?

The QBS procedure calls for a client to evaluate the qualifications of potential design professionals, and rank them based on the client’s assessment of their qualifications. Then the client enters negotiations with the highest ranked (most qualified) professional at which time the scope of work, the schedule for the work, and the cost of the service are all discussed and negotiated, usually to an agreement. However, if they are unable to successfully conclude negotiations with a contract, the client enters negotiations with the second ranked professional, and so forth until the client reaches an agreement on scope, schedule and cost with a designer. As noted, QBS forces the client to only consider cost after ranking the candidates based on qualification factors.

If cost is a factor in the initial evaluation of qualifications, most clients become overwhelmed by the cost factors, pulling the client toward the engineer quoting the lowest fee.

CE 401 Civil Engineering Seminar Introduction & Incident At Morales

Discussion Question #6Ernest Greenwood wrote over 60 years ago that a profession is distinguished from non-professional occupations by five attributes, all of which exist with the professions while non-professional occupations may satisfy some, but not all of these professional attributes.In 2 or 3 sentences, please explain why non-professional occupations seek professional status from the government.

A profession addresses matters that impact the public health, safety or welfare such that only those properly trained and qualified should be allowed to engage in the work. Therefore, society gives a profession a social contract whereby the profession promises to hold paramount the public interest/public safety and in exchange, society grants monopolistic police powers to the profession. The profession controls:• The requirements for training and entry into the profession;• The standards of conduct for members of the Profession; and• The discipline of its members if a member violates standards of conduct;Non-professional occupations want these monopolistic police powers that the professions have to restrict competition and for personal gain. However, society should only grant that status to occupations that impact the public interest/public safety. In part, this relationship between the activities of the profession and the public interest is woven into the definition of a profession as well.