Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention

HighlightsOctober 2018 * Volume 27 * Number 10 Selected Articles from This Issue

Oral HPV and Esophageal Cancer

Agalliu et al. Page 1168

Epidemiologic studies have examined association between human papillomaviruses (HPVs) andesophageal cancer, but results have been inconsistent. Agalliu and colleagues carried out a nested case–control study (125 cases; 372 controls) among 96,650 cancer-free participants in two large cohort studiesto investigate associations of alpha, beta, and gamma HPV detection in the oral cavity and risk ofesophageal cancer. Oral HPV16 detection was not associated with esophageal cancer (OR ¼ 0.54, 95%confidence interval: 0.1–4.84). Although some oral HPV types were more common in cases than controls,none of the associations were statistically significant. Oral HPVs may not contribute to risk of esophagealcancer.

An Epidemiological Reviewof Diet and CutaneousMalignant Melanoma

Yang et al. Page 1115

Melanoma incidence has been rising overdecades despite public efforts to promotesun protection behaviors. Dietary factorsmay also affect the development ofmelanoma; some have emerged aspromising candidates forchemoprevention. Yang and colleaguesconducted a narrative review of therelationship between dietary factors,including coffee and caffeine, citrus fruits,alcohol, polyunsaturated fatty acid,niacin/nicotinamide, folate, and vitaminD, with melanoma risk from theperspective of epidemiology. Biologicalmechanisms and some future directionswere also discussed and outlined. Theassociations discussed may haveimportant public health implications interms of reducing melanoma incidencethrough dietary modification.

Adolescents and YoungAdults Outcomes in AcuteLymphoblastic Leukemia(Across Services andOn/Off Study)

Wolfson et al. Page 1133

In patients with acute lymphoblasticleukemia (ALL), adolescents and youngadults (AYA) experience increased risk ofrelapse as compared with children, whilepredictors of relapse among AYA vary bytime of relapse. Wolfson and colleaguesfound that among AYA with ALL, aspectsof healthcare delivery (clinical trialenrollment, nonwhite race/ethnicity) areassociated with relapse during therapy,and aspects of treatment (shorter durationof maintenance and consolidation) areassociated with relapse after completingtherapy. These findings highlight theimportance of clinical trial enrollment andtherapy duration (maintenance,consolidation) in ensuring durableremissions in AYA ALL. Future studiesencompassing healthcare delivery,treatment, and biology are needed.

Prenatal DiethylstilbestrolExposure and EstrogenMetabolism

Troisi et al. Page 1208

Prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposureis associated with adverse reproductiveand neoplastic outcomes. In this study byTroisi and colleagues, age-adjusted ratiosof serum estrogens metabolized in the2-pathway compared to the 16-pathwaywere about 30% lower in postmenopausalwomen who were prenatally DES exposed[2-pathway:16-pathway ¼ 0.37, 95%confidence interval (CI) ¼ 0.31–0.44;n ¼ 40] than unexposed (2-pathway:16-pathway ¼ 0.51, CI ¼ 0.40–0.66;n ¼ 20), and remained lower withadjustment for total estrogen, years sincemenopause, body mass index, parity, andalcohol intake. Lower 2-pathwaymetabolism is associated with increasedpostmenopausal breast cancer risk andcould partially explain the modestincreased risk observed in DES exposedwomen.

www.aacrjournals.org 1113

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