Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Highlights · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...
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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Highlights October 2018 * Volume 27 * Number 10 Selected Articles from This Issue Oral HPV and Esophageal Cancer Agalliu et al. Page 1168 Epidemiologic studies have examined association between human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and esophageal cancer, but results have been inconsistent. Agalliu and colleagues carried out a nested case– control study (125 cases; 372 controls) among 96,650 cancer-free participants in two large cohort studies to investigate associations of alpha, beta, and gamma HPV detection in the oral cavity and risk of esophageal cancer. Oral HPV16 detection was not associated with esophageal cancer (OR ¼ 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.1–4.84). Although some oral HPV types were more common in cases than controls, none of the associations were statistically significant. Oral HPVs may not contribute to risk of esophageal cancer. An Epidemiological Review of Diet and Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Yang et al. Page 1115 Melanoma incidence has been rising over decades despite public efforts to promote sun protection behaviors. Dietary factors may also affect the development of melanoma; some have emerged as promising candidates for chemoprevention. Yang and colleagues conducted a narrative review of the relationship between dietary factors, including coffee and caffeine, citrus fruits, alcohol, polyunsaturated fatty acid, niacin/nicotinamide, folate, and vitamin D, with melanoma risk from the perspective of epidemiology. Biological mechanisms and some future directions were also discussed and outlined. The associations discussed may have important public health implications in terms of reducing melanoma incidence through dietary modification. Adolescents and Young Adults Outcomes in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Across Services and On/Off Study) Wolfson et al. Page 1133 In patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), adolescents and young adults (AYA) experience increased risk of relapse as compared with children, while predictors of relapse among AYA vary by time of relapse. Wolfson and colleagues found that among AYA with ALL, aspects of healthcare delivery (clinical trial enrollment, nonwhite race/ethnicity) are associated with relapse during therapy, and aspects of treatment (shorter duration of maintenance and consolidation) are associated with relapse after completing therapy. These findings highlight the importance of clinical trial enrollment and therapy duration (maintenance, consolidation) in ensuring durable remissions in AYA ALL. Future studies encompassing healthcare delivery, treatment, and biology are needed. Prenatal Diethylstilbestrol Exposure and Estrogen Metabolism Troisi et al. Page 1208 Prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure is associated with adverse reproductive and neoplastic outcomes. In this study by Troisi and colleagues, age-adjusted ratios of serum estrogens metabolized in the 2-pathway compared to the 16-pathway were about 30% lower in postmenopausal women who were prenatally DES exposed [2-pathway:16-pathway ¼ 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 0.31–0.44; n ¼ 40] than unexposed (2-pathway: 16-pathway ¼ 0.51, CI ¼ 0.40–0.66; n ¼ 20), and remained lower with adjustment for total estrogen, years since menopause, body mass index, parity, and alcohol intake. Lower 2-pathway metabolism is associated with increased postmenopausal breast cancer risk and could partially explain the modest increased risk observed in DES exposed women. www.aacrjournals.org 1113 Cancer Research. by guest on October 14, 2020. Copyright 2018 American Association for https://bloodcancerdiscov.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from
Transcript of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Highlights · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
HighlightsOctober 2018 * Volume 27 * Number 10 Selected Articles from This Issue
Oral HPV and Esophageal Cancer
Agalliu et al. Page 1168
Epidemiologic studies have examined association between human papillomaviruses (HPVs) andesophageal cancer, but results have been inconsistent. Agalliu and colleagues carried out a nested case–control study (125 cases; 372 controls) among 96,650 cancer-free participants in two large cohort studiesto investigate associations of alpha, beta, and gamma HPV detection in the oral cavity and risk ofesophageal cancer. Oral HPV16 detection was not associated with esophageal cancer (OR ¼ 0.54, 95%confidence interval: 0.1–4.84). Although some oral HPV types were more common in cases than controls,none of the associations were statistically significant. Oral HPVs may not contribute to risk of esophagealcancer.
An Epidemiological Reviewof Diet and CutaneousMalignant Melanoma
Yang et al. Page 1115
Melanoma incidence has been rising overdecades despite public efforts to promotesun protection behaviors. Dietary factorsmay also affect the development ofmelanoma; some have emerged aspromising candidates forchemoprevention. Yang and colleaguesconducted a narrative review of therelationship between dietary factors,including coffee and caffeine, citrus fruits,alcohol, polyunsaturated fatty acid,niacin/nicotinamide, folate, and vitaminD, with melanoma risk from theperspective of epidemiology. Biologicalmechanisms and some future directionswere also discussed and outlined. Theassociations discussed may haveimportant public health implications interms of reducing melanoma incidencethrough dietary modification.
Adolescents and YoungAdults Outcomes in AcuteLymphoblastic Leukemia(Across Services andOn/Off Study)
Wolfson et al. Page 1133
In patients with acute lymphoblasticleukemia (ALL), adolescents and youngadults (AYA) experience increased risk ofrelapse as compared with children, whilepredictors of relapse among AYA vary bytime of relapse. Wolfson and colleaguesfound that among AYA with ALL, aspectsof healthcare delivery (clinical trialenrollment, nonwhite race/ethnicity) areassociated with relapse during therapy,and aspects of treatment (shorter durationof maintenance and consolidation) areassociated with relapse after completingtherapy. These findings highlight theimportance of clinical trial enrollment andtherapy duration (maintenance,consolidation) in ensuring durableremissions in AYA ALL. Future studiesencompassing healthcare delivery,treatment, and biology are needed.
Prenatal DiethylstilbestrolExposure and EstrogenMetabolism
Troisi et al. Page 1208
Prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposureis associated with adverse reproductiveand neoplastic outcomes. In this study byTroisi and colleagues, age-adjusted ratiosof serum estrogens metabolized in the2-pathway compared to the 16-pathwaywere about 30% lower in postmenopausalwomen who were prenatally DES exposed[2-pathway:16-pathway ¼ 0.37, 95%confidence interval (CI) ¼ 0.31–0.44;n ¼ 40] than unexposed (2-pathway:16-pathway ¼ 0.51, CI ¼ 0.40–0.66;n ¼ 20), and remained lower withadjustment for total estrogen, years sincemenopause, body mass index, parity, andalcohol intake. Lower 2-pathwaymetabolism is associated with increasedpostmenopausal breast cancer risk andcould partially explain the modestincreased risk observed in DES exposedwomen.
www.aacrjournals.org 1113
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2018;27:1113. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Highlights of This Issue
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