Post on 24-Dec-2015
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND
IMMUNITYBy Sheena Yvarra & Taylah Montgomery
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General Functions Removes excess
fluid from tissues and transports it into the bloodstream
Absorbs fats from small intestine
Helps defend the body against disease-causing agents
Major Organs
Spleen Thymus
Thymus
Spleen
http://www.savorylotus.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/organs_of_the_lymphatic_system.jpg
Spleen Largest lymphatic organ FUNCTIONS:
Contains many macrophages, which filter foreign particles and damaged red blood cells from blood
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Thymus Relatively large during infancy
and early childhood; shrinks after puberty
FUNCTIONS:Contains inactive lymphocytes
and turn them into mature or active T cells
T cells (T lymphocytes) leave thymus & provide immunity
*Lymphocytes- white blood cell that attack invading viruses, bacteria, and other parasitic cells
http://www.mskcc.org/sites/www.mskcc.org/files/imagecache/enlarge/node/4708/images/497816.jpg
Lymphatic Pathway
Lymphatic vessels- transport lymph(fluid) throughout body
Lymphatic Capillary
Lymphatic Vessel
Lymph Node
Lymphatic Vessel
Lymphatic Trunk
Collecting Duct
Subclavian Vein
Lymphatic Pathway
Lymphatic Ducts: Thoracic Right Lymphatic
**Thoracic duct is larger and longer; lower limbs, abdomen, left side of body
*Right Lymphatic receives lymph from right side of head and neck
Lymph Nodes Vary in size and shape Usually less than 2.5 cm long Bean shaped FUNCTIONS:
Filters potentially harmful particles from lymph before returning it to the bloodstream
Centers for production of lymphocytes, and they also contain phagocytic cells
*Lymphocytes- white blood cell that attack invading viruses, bacteria, and other parasitic cells
5 Types of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)Antibodies- special proteins that fight off and destroy disease-causing
germs
Antigen- foreign substance introduced into the body and causes immune response; molecules produced by the body
1. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is in tissue fluid and plasma and defends against bacterial
cells, viruses, and toxins and activates complement, a group of immune system enzymes
2. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is in exocrine gland secretions (breast milk, saliva, tears)
and defends against bacteria and viruses.
3. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is found in plasma and activates complement and reacts
with blood cells during transfusions.
5 Types of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)
4. Immunoglobulin D (IgD) Found on surface of B
cells, especially those of infants
Activate B cells
5. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is found in exocrine gland
secretions and promotes allergic reactions http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/antigenAB.gif
Immune Responses First reaction to an antigen is called a primary
immune responseduring this response, antibodies are produced for
several weekssome B cells remain dormant as memory cells
Secondary immune response occurs rapidly as a result of memory cell response if the same antigen is encountered
http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/eh/eh_immunity_b/AdaptiveImmunityMemory.png
Active vs Passive Immunity Active immunity
person produces antibodies in response to the presence of antigen
Long-term immunity Passive immunity
Person receives antibodies produced by another individual
Short-term immunity
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http://www.stmary.ws/highschool/science/humanbio/q3/q3%20pictures/passive%20immunity.gif
Vaccination Vaccine produces
another type of active immunity
helps protect against infectious disease by exposing you to a mild or dead version of the germ
Makes your body build up protection in the form of antibodies
Allergic Reactions Antigens that cause allergic
response is called allergens Allergic response is an immune
attack against a nonharmful substance, like chocolate
Sensitize lymphocytes and antibodies may bind antigens
Can damage tissues Can be dangerous and life-
threateninghttp://foodimentaryguy.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/peanuts1.jpg
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Tissue Rejection Reaction Recipient’s immune system may
recognize donor’s cell surfaces as foreign and attempt to destroy the transplanted tissue
Matching donor and recipient tissues can minimize the rejection reaction
Autoimmunity immune system fails to distinguish
self from nonself antigens Produces autoantibodies and
cytotoxic T cells that attack and damage the body’s tissues and organs
**Self antigen- antigen that originates within the body
** Nonself antigen- foreign antigens not originally within the body
http://alt-ternativeautoimmune.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/cells.gif
Diseases Lymphedema
Chronic swelling of the limbs caused by the accumulation of lymph fluid
Hodgkin’s lymphomaType of cancer that typically
occurs when the white blood cells become diseased or damaged
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Hodgkin_lymphoma_(1)_mixed_cellulary_type.jpg
Works Cited http://
glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0218378151/student_view0/chapter14/study_outline.html
http://www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system.html