Building an EmpireCosts BenefitsStrategy

Building an EmpireCosts Benefits

O Funds, higher taxes,

keeping

patriotism/loyalty,

high death rates

O Higher taxes, risk of

assassination,

always going to not

please someone

O Invest a lot of

money, unifying

currency

O Protection of land, expansion of land, intimidation, new riches from new lands

O More people want to join your empire,superiority, fair laws, peace throughout empire

O Lower prices of goods, taxes lower, more resources, exchange of culture

Strategy

1. Having a

strong

military

2. Strong/

stable

government

3. Strong

economy

O Get out your worksheet from yesterday. We

are going to go over it for the warm-up today.

Byzantine EmpireChapter 11 section 1

Changes in the Empire

O In 284 AD, Rome’s new Emperor, Diocletian, divided the Empire in half because he felt it was too large for one man to control.

O Diocletian controlled the Greek-speaking East because it was far more wealthy than the Latin-speaking West, and appointed a co-ruler to rule the West.

O Diocletian will get sick and end his rule. 4 men will compete to rule the empire (sound familiar?)

O Constantine will be ruler next and he will once again reunite the empire. His greatest downfall was in 330 CE he moved the capital of the empire to Byzantium which he will nameafter himself, Constantinople.

O After Constantine's death the empire will again be divided, the East would survive, the West would fall.

Empire Under Diocletian

Empire under

Constantine, after

the Western half

fell to invasions

A New RomeO For nearly 1,000 years after the collapse of the Western

Empire, Byzantium and it’s flourishing capital would carry on the glory of Rome (from about 395-1453).

O Roman political institutions like the Senate continued in the Byzantine world as did the basic structure and content of Roman law.

O However, culturally the Byzantine Empire was distinct. The Byzantine Empire spoke Greek and was officially a Christian state for preponderance of its history.

O The height of the first period of Byzantine history was during the Reign of Emperor Justinian and his wife Theodora.

O video

JustinianO Justinian, a high ranking

Byzantine nobleman, succeeded his uncle to the throne and ruled from 527-565 CE.

O In an effort to recover territory lost by Rome and it’s fading glory, he sent his best generals to reclaim land that once belonged to them.

O After numerous battles, Justinian’s armies won nearly all of the territory that Rome had ever ruled!

Roman LawO While Justinian’s men were

off fighting and expanding

territory Justinian decided

he wanted to reform Roman

Laws.

O His panel of experts

combed through 400 years

of roman laws. It found a

number of laws that were

outdated and contradictory.

O The panel created a single

uniform law code known as

Justinian Code.

O The code decided legal questions that regulatedwhole areas of Byzantine life including; Marriage, slavery, property, inheritance, women’s rights, and criminal justice.

O Although Justinian died in 565, his code served the Byzantine Empire for 900 years

O Religion, as well as law,

served imperial

centralization. Before

Justinian, in 380 CE,

Christianity had been

proclaimed the official

religion of the eastern

empire. Now all other

religions were

considered “demented

and insane.”

Public WorksO Church building was the Emperors greatest

passion.

O Justinian viewed churches as the most visible sign

of the close connection between church and state

in his empire.

O The ‘crowning glory’ of his reign was Hagia

Sophia, which means ‘holy wisdom’ in Greek.

O When Justinian had rebuilt Hagia Sophia, many

visitors hailed it as the most splendid church in

the Christian world.

Empress TheodoraO The most powerful women in

Byzantine history rose from deep poverty.

O Early in life Theodora was an actress

O She met Justinian and eventually married in 525

O Theodora recognized the rights of women and made sure others did, too.

O Through her influence, laws were made protecting women and granting them better legal rights

O After she died in 548, he was so depressed that he passed no major laws for the rest of his reign

Efforts to preserve the West

O Families valued education- specifically classical learningO Latin

O Philosophy

O Geometry (Euclid)

O History (Herodotus)

O Literature (Homer)

O They helped to preserve many of the great works of Greece and Rome

O "Not since the world was made was there . .

. so much wealth as was found in

Constantinople. For the Greeks say that two-

thirds of the wealth of this world is in

Constantinople and the other third

scattered throughout the world."

--Robert of Clari, a French crusader who witnessed the

pillage of the city in 1204, describing Constantinople.

Justinian’s Death

O After Justinian’s death in 565, the empire

suffered countless setbacks.

O There were street riots, religious quarrels,

palace conspiracies, and foreign dangers.

O Each time the empire moved to the edge of

collapse, it found some way to revive- only to

face another crisis.

Hagia Sophia

O Video

O Shorter video

On your paper, in your own words, tell me the significance

of…

OConstantinople

OJustinian

OJustinian’s code

OHagia Sophia

OEmpress Theodora