Post on 19-Jan-2015
description
BRT and BHLS Evolution Worldwide
Dario Hidalgo, PhD
Director Research and Practice
EMBARQ
www.embarq.org
Contents
Introduction
BRT and BHLS Evolution Worldwide
BRT and BHLS in Different Markets
Discussion
BRT
“flexible, rubber-tired form of rapid transit that combines stations, vehicles, services, running ways and information technologies into an integrated system with strong identity” (Levinson et. al, 2003b)
Key BRT Components
Segregated Busways
Stations with prepayment and level boarding
Large buses with multiple doors
Distinctive Image
Centralized Control
Macrobús – Guadalajara
BHLS“is an urban transport system integrating a bus, but within new conditions providing an increase in performance thanks to a triple optimization of:
The internal characteristics of the technical and commercial offer.
The integration of this offer into the whole public transport network.
The integration of this network into the urban area”
(Finn et. al, 2011)
Cambridge, UK
Key BHLS Components (for better performance)
The Busway – Nantes
Running ways
Stations
Vehicles
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), operation
management tools
Identity of the BHLS scheme
BHLS COST
BRT, BHLS and busways around the world
# of cities and length (km) per country
2 km
320 km
80 km
1
116
6
31
3
1
6
1
17
2
71
13
2
22
1
6
1
1
2
1
1
114
21
51
11
1
3
1
1159 cities = 278 corridors = 4,077 km
700 km
1
source: BRTdata.org, June 2013
1
BRT and busway systems in the world
daily demand per region (M pax/day)
Latin America and the Caribbean53 cities159 corridors16.54 M pax/day
Europe43 cities
52 corridors1.68 M pax/day
Asia33 cities37 corridors6.28 M pax/day
USA and Canada20 cities27 corridors0.85 M pax/day
Africa3 cities3 corridors0.24 M pax/day
Oceania7 cities
7 corridors0.33 M pax/day
source: BRTdata.org, June 2013
evolution of the # of cities and km per decade
Total length
Before 1990 (16 cities)
1991 - 2000 (19 cities)
2001 - 2010 (103 cities)507 km
1025 km
3707 km
BRT and busway systems in the world
Since 2011 (21 cities)
4077 km
source: BRTdata.org, June 2013
19701972
19741976
19781980
19821984
19861988
19901992
19941996
19982000
20022004
20062008
20102012
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
Ne
w C
itie
s
Cu
mu
lativ
e N
um
be
r o
f Citi
es
Evolution of the number of cities per year
BRT and busway systems in the world
2010: Guangzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang – China;Jaipur - India; Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit
– UK; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga – Colombia;Ecatepec- Mexico; Lima - Peru; Brampton – Canada; …
2000: Bogotá (TransMilenio),
Colombia
1974: Curitiba
source: BRTdata.org, June 2013
Contents
Introduction
BRT and BHLS Evolution Worldwide
BRT and BHLS in Different Markets
Discussion
Curitiba, RIT, 72 km median busways1.2 million passengers per day
Initial Bus Corridor 1972
Full BRT in 1982
1. Making buses run like surface metro – Curitiba 1982
median bus-ways longitudinally segregated
tube stations with fare prepayment and level access
physical and fare integration
dispatch control at terminal stations.
differentiated services:
Expresso, Ligerao, Ligeirinho, Interbairros, Alimentador
Special services downtown, hospitals, touristic bus, schools
2010
Evolution of the Integrated Network
Source: Prefeitura de Curitiba, Parana
“Linha Verde” CuritibaCorredor de 18 Km
2009
Fotos: Prefeitura de Curitiba, Parana
Capacity Expansion“Corredor Boqueirao”
2010
Fot
o:
Pre
feitu
ra d
e C
uriti
ba,
Par
ana
2. Implementing buses of high level of service, The Trans Val de Marne TVM – Paris 1993
Implementing buses of high level of service, The Trans Val de Marne TVM – Paris 1993
Is the most used BHLS
1993 (13 km) and 2007 (7 km)
20 km bus lanes, 95% dedicated, mostly central segregated
29 stations (@ 700m)
39 articulated buses, specially designed and branded for the system
Implementing buses of high level of service, The Trans Val de Marne TVM – Paris 1993
Information systems
23 km/h 17 km/h minimum peak
3.5 min headway (peak)
Interval plus 3 minutes for 96% of the pax
66,000 trips/day, growing 7% per year
Good integration with pedestrians and rail (4 RER and 1 subway)
New vehicle Créalis for the BHLS routes
3. Expanding capacity with advanced operations
Bogotá, 2000Very high capacity
48,000 pphpd
Bogotá, TransMilenio, 104 Km busways
2,0 million pax/day
Express Way LanesTransMilenio, Bogota
New Fleet of Bi-articulated Buses Euro VDowntown Transit Mall (Eje Ambiental)
Fue
nte:
Enc
uest
a A
nual
“B
ogot
á ¿
Cóm
o V
amos
?” w
ww
.elti
empo
.com
;
Normal buses
Public
Transmilenio
Private
Walking-Biking
Pho
to:
G.
Kas
h, J
ully
201
1
Very high occupancy has become a concern
4. Integrating transit services across modes and services – Santiago 2007
Single process (¿big bang?)
Fare integration
Route optimization
Formalization of providers
Elimination of “competition on the street”
The planning and implementation team was too optimistic – implementation had troubles
Despite the initial difficulties, Santiago has risen to a higher level of performance
The current system is better than the one it replaced
Travel times have reduced
Large decreases in emissions
Substantial reductions in fatalities and injuries
Still a lot to improve
Traffic Fatalities in SantiagoSource: CONACET
6366
4951
3406 3291 3047 2937
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
High commercial speed
35 km/h
5. Introducing high speed buses on expressways – Istanbul 2008
52 Km central bus ways on expressway (100% segregated)
Long station platforms -90m, separated 1.1 km on average
Non-grade queue jumpers to access the Bosphorus Bridge, (mixed traffic)
Low floor buses (articulated and bi-articulated)
23,000 passengers/ hour/ direction, 15 sec interval
800,000 passengers/day
35,800 pax/day/km
6. Reducing transfers with direct services – Guangzhou 2010
22.5 km corridor
Long stations –from 55m to 260m, with overtaking lanes
Combines multiple direct services on the same infrastructure.
27,000 pphpd
350 buses phpd
800,000 passengers per day
Contents
Introduction
BRT and BHLS Evolution Worldwide
BRT and BHLS in Different Markets
Discussion
Evolution of BRT in México
237,000 Pax/día
497,000Pax/día
552,000Pax/día
814,000Pax/día
1,114,000Pax/día
2003 2005 2008 2009 2011
OptibusLeon, Guanajuatio
Length: 26 kmFleet: 61
+MetobusInsurgentesMexico DF
Length: 46 kmFleet: 156
+ MetrobusInsurgentes Sur
Length: 55 kmFleet: 216
+MacrobusGuadalajara
Length: 92 kmFleet: 330
+MexibusMexico State
Length: 128 kmFleet: 472
1,164,000Pax/día
2012
+ Metrbus Line 4
Length: 156 kmFleet: 526
BRT system METROBUS:95 Km in 7 years
Mexico City – Metrobus
Metrobus in Numbers
CRECIMIENTO DE METROBÚS
Line 1 Insurgentes
Indios Verdes – Dr. Gálvez
1
2005 - 2006
20 KM.345 mil pax /
day
Line 1 (2005)
Line 1 Insurgentes Sur Dr. Gálvez - El Caminero
1
2008
10 KM.70 mil pax / day
Line 1 (2008)
Line 2 Eje 4 SurTacubaya - Tepalcates
1
2008
20 KM.160 mil pax /
day
Line 2 (2008)
Line 3 Eje 1 Poniente
Etiopía - Tenayuca
1
2011
17 KM.135 mil pax /
day
Line 3 (2011)
Line 4Buenavista – San Lázaro
Airport
2012
28 KM.50 mil pax / day
Line 4 (2012)
Metrobus – Centro Histórico (Line 4)
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Phot
o: C
TS E
MBA
RQ M
exic
o
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
BRT Chihuahua
BRT Mexicali
BRT Ecovía Monterrey
BRT Chimalhuacán
BRT Tampico
BRT Acapulco
BRT Lechería
BRT Tijuana
BRT Puebla
Metrobus Line 5
BRT Monterrey
BRT Villahermosa
BRT Cd. Azteca - Tecámac
BRT Toluca
Authorized
Under review
Tren Sub 1 Cuautitlán
BRT Oaxaca
BT Puebla 2
Tren LRT Guadalajara
BRT Pachuca
BRT Cd Juarez
BRT León
Under construction
BRT systems in Mexico
35 BRT systems: 5 under construction 30 under review / identification
31 Cities in Brazil with BRT and Bus Corridors
Belo Horizonte, Blumenau, Brasília, Campinas, Campo Grande, Caxias do Sul, Criciúma, Curitiba, Diadema - São Paulo, Feira de Santana, Fortaleza, Goiania, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Joinville, João Pessoa, Juiz de Fora, Londrina, Maceió, Mauá – Diadema, Natal, Niteroi, Olinda, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Santos, Sorocaba, Sumaré, São Paulo, Uberlândia
Rio de Janeiro150 km planned 2012-2016
Photo: EMBARQ Brasil
Photo: EMBARQ Brasil
TransOeste Ligerão
Currently in operationJune 2012
44.5 km of which 36.5 km segregated median busways
42 stations, 2 terminals
91 articulated buses + 16 padron
120,000 pax/day
R$ 2.75 (USD 1.36) per trip
Project63 km of which 55 km segregated median busways
57 stations, 3 terminals
220,000 pax/day when connected to Metro in 2016
31 feeder routes, 147 feeder buses
Capital investment R$ 1.6 bilion (USD 800 million)
Photo: EMBARQ Brasil
Photo: EMBARQ Brasil
Photo: EMBARQ Brasil
Photo: EMBARQ Brasil
Photo: EMBARQ Brasil
Photo: EMBARQ Brasil
Plans in BrazilPAC Big Cites, Copa 2014, Olimpics…
Projects/Corridors 108
Cities 32
Km More than 1000
Funding 26,392 million Real13,196 million USD
Demand ~10.0 million people per day
Required Buses 16,000 vehicles
Source: EMBARQ Brasil
Status of BRT cities in India
New Delhi
Operational (7)
Jaipur
AhmedabadRajkot
PuneExpected to be operational in a year (2)
BhopalIndore
Surat
Pimpri-Chinchwad
Others under construction / DPR approved (5)
Kolkata
Vishakhapatnam
Vijaywada
Naya Raipur
Hubli-Dharwad
DPR / DFR under preparation (5)
Guwahati
Lucknow
Vadodara
BangaloreChennai
Prof. H. M. Shivanand
Ahmedabad, Janmarg (People´s Way), BRT System
Photo: EMBARQ
Indore, iBus, BRT System
Photo: EMBARQ
Indore, iBus, BRT System
Photo: EMBARQ
Indore, iBus, BRT System
Photo: EMBARQ
The Newest Kid in the Block: Bhopal Mybus -Trial run July 2013
Photo: EMBARQ
The Newest Kid in the Block: Bhopal Mybus -Trial run July 2013
Photo: EMBARQ
15 cities with BRT/Bus Corridors in China, 2 opened in 2012
BRT in Hangzhou. Bus and mixed traffic congestion. Buses in and out the BRT corridor
ITDP China
Largest Station in Guanghzou: 8,500 passenger boardings in a single hour during the morning peak. Station
access is via a bridge with escalators, and a pedestrian crossing with refuge islands
ITDP China
BHLS in Europe
Country Cities with BHLS
England Cambridge, Crawley, Dartford, Leeds
France Lille, Lorient, Lyon, Nantes, Paris, Rennes, Rouen, Toulouse
Germany Essen, Hamburg, Oberhausen
Ireland Dublin
Italy Brescia*, Pisa, Prato
Netherlands Alkmaar, Almere, Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Twente, Utrecht
Spain Barcelona*, Castellón, Madrid
Sweden Gothenburg, Jönköping, Lund, Stockholm
Brendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Nantes – Station and Running Way
Brendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Nantes – BusWay vehicles
Brendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Zuidtangent at Schiphol Airport
Source : Stadsregio AmsterdamBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Running way - Amsterdam
Brendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Running way - Amsterdam
Brendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Amsterdam: Hard shoulder reserved for bus
Source : COST TU0603 actionBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
In-street operation – Amsterdam
Brendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Station - Amsterdam
Brendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Bicycle facilities - Amsterdam
Bike’n’RideExtensive bike
parkingAmsterdam, AlmereBike on bus is rare
O. HEDDEBAUTBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Cambridge : Busway
Source : Cambridgeshire County CouncilBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Cambridge : Vehicle
Source : Cambridgeshire County CouncilBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Cambridge : Busway
Source : Cambridgeshire County CouncilBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Cambridge : Guide wheel for Busway
Source : Cambridgeshire County CouncilBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Cambridge : Guide wheel and kerb
Source : Cambridgeshire County Council
Guide Kerb
Guide wheel
Brendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Cambridge : Park’n’Ride
Source : Cambridgeshire County CouncilBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Customer comfort - Cambridge
WiFi on busSocket for PC,
phoneLeather seatsCCTV for security O. HEDDEBAUT
O. HEDDEBAUT
O. HEDDEBAUT
Brendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Madrid : Bus/VAO tidal lane
Brendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Hamburg: Line 5 in reserved lane
Source : Hamburger Hochbahn AGBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Hamburg: “XXL” bus
Source : Hamburger Hochbahn AGBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Oberhausen: Bus and tram on common lane
Brendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland
Contents
Introduction
BRT and BHLS Evolution Worldwide
BRT and BHLS in Different Markets
Discussion
BRT Current Status:
159 worldwide applications; concentration in Latin America, Europe (BHLS), high growth in Asia and the Pacific
Innovation continues: adapted to local conditions and needs; new technologies (vehicles and ITS)
High performance, low cost, rapid implementation
Trend: from corridors to citywide integrated systems
Some issues outstanding: reliability, occupancy
DiscussionPerceived as “low quality”; poor systems for poor cities – planners, decision makers, public
Not an industry – disaggregated provision of components
Implementation barriers:Reducing the space for cars
Lack of knowledge/familiarity by decision makers and transport planners
Environmental considerations – air pollution and GHGs
User fares and self-sustainability
¡Muchas Gracias!