- Finn - Bhls and Brt
Transcript of - Finn - Bhls and Brt
BRENDAN FINN
ETTS LTD, IRELAND
BHLS– Bus with High Level of Service
Spectrum of Bus-Based Transit
High performance, high capacity BRT Major infastructure, rapid service, intensive services Up to 1 million passengers/day Bogota, Guangzhou, Istanbul, …
High-performance, moderate capacity BRT Major infastructure, rapid service, strong service Range 100-250,000 passengers/day Brisbane, Ottowa, Beijing, Mexico City, …
Bus with High Level of Service (BHLS) Moderate/little infrastructure, focus on reliability and
quality Range 25,000-65,000 passengers/day Amsterdam, Gothenburg, Paris, …
Presentation overview
Part 1: What is BHLS? Why Europe has “BHLS” rather than “BRT” Extent and technical characteristics Images of BHLS systems – Nantes, Amsterdam,
Cambridge
Part 2: ITS Practice in European BHLS Main ITS systems used in European BHLS Images: AVM, Traveler Information, TSP, Fare Collection,
…
Part 3: Institutional aspects of BRT Mandates, frameworks and financing Role of the private sector Examples
Information source: COST TU603
EU-supported action (2007-2011) Networking, information exchange (no money for work!) Focus on BHLS – state-of-the-practice Participants from 14 European Countries, 25 systems visited
Four working groups Infrastructure Vehicles Operations (including ITS) Social, Economic Conditions and Networking
Final report (plus CD-ROM) in late-2011Info at www.bhls.eu (soon also on UITP website)
Part 1: What is BHLS?
What is BHLS?
BHLS? Derives from French term ‘BHNS’, maybe later another
name Generic term for a wide range of quality bus systems
Is it BRT? Not exactly, a different product in the spectrum of bus
priority Focus more on reliability/quality than on speed/capacity
Holistic approach Improved operating environment – reliability, better speed Higher quality vehicles with better comfort and image Improved passenger facilities – stops, terminals, ... Branding, marketing, ‘repositioning the product’
BHLS role in Europe
European Context is different: Mass transit is often already well provided by metro and tram Bus is rarely assigned the ‘mass transit’ role Constraints of space, roadwidth and alignment in city centres
European cities have a different focus: Restore reliability and operational effectiveness to bus Enhance image of bus, reposition the product High focus on quality of vehicles and stopping places In France, focus on “urbanism” – improve host environment
Strategic motivations for BHLS Mostly to upgrade quality and ridership of existing bus lines Sometimes alternative to tram/LRT, especially if finances
tight
BHLS in Europe
Country Cities with BHLS
England Cambridge, Crawley, Dartford, Leeds
France Lille, Lorient, Lyon, Nantes, Paris, Rennes, Rouen, Toulouse
Germany Essen, Hamburg, Oberhausen
Ireland Dublin
Italy Brescia*, Pisa, Prato
Netherlands Alkmaar, Almere, Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Twente, Utrecht
Spain Barcelona*, Castellón, Madrid
Sweden Gothenburg, Jönköping, Lund, Stockholm
European BHLS – Key Characteristics
CITY SYSTEM IDENTITY
SYSTEM LENGTH (KM)/
(DEDICATED
NATURE OF RUNNING WAY
PASSENGERS PER DAY
PEAK HEADWAY (MINUTES)
DEDICATED FLEET?
Amsterdam Zuid-Tangent 41 (33) Bus-only road, bus lanes
40,000 6 Yes
Dublin Quality Bus Corridor
12 (8.4) Bus-lanes 34,000 < 1.54 No
Gothenburg TrunkBus 16.5 (7.5) Bus-lanes 24,000 3.3 Yes
Hamburg MetroBus 14.8 (4.0) Bus-lanes 60,000 3.5 Yes
Helsinki Jokeri Line 28 (6) Bus-lanes(orbital route)
25,000 5 Yes
Madrid Bus-VAO 16.1 (16.1) Tidal segregated lanes
33,0005 < 14 No
Nantes BusWay 7 (6) Bus-lanes 24,600 3.3 Yes
Paris TVM 20 (19) Bus-only road(suburban/orbital)
65,800 3.5 Yes
Prato LAM 42 (15) Bus-lanes n/a 7 Yes
Stockholm Blue Line 40 (12) Bus-lanes 36,5756 5 Yes
Technical Performance of BHLS
Peak and daily ridership are comparable to many tram systems, rarely operating at full system capacity 1,000 – 2,500+ pphpd 23,700 – 65,000 px/day
Commercial speed and frequency are good 16 – 35 kph (10-22 mph) 12-40 vehicles/hour equal to or exceed that of European street tramways
Seating ratio at peak is medium to high 34-84%
Investment cost of facility is low and quite affordable $3-16.5 million/km
European BHLS : Ridership gains
CITY SYSTEM IDENTITY
BHLS RIDERSHIP CHANGE2
CHANGE IN OPERATING
SPEED4
PEAK-PERIOD
HEADWAY
REDUCTION
NETWORK RESTRUCTURI
NG IN THE CORRIDOR?
MAJOR TARIFF
RESTRUCTURING AS PART OF BHLS?
UNIQUE IDENTITY FOR BHLS SERVICES
Amsterdam Zuid-Tangent
+47% Significant Yes Significant No Yes
Dublin Quality Bus Corridor
+125% Major Yes Minor No No
Gothenburg TrunkBus +73% Moderate Yes Significant No Yes
Hamburg MetroBus +20% Minor Yes Minor No Yes
Helsinki Jokeri Line +100% Significant 7 5 No No Yes
Madrid Bus-VAO +70-100% +80-100% Yes Minor No No
Nantes BusWay +55% Moderate Yes Significant No Yes
Paris TVM +134%. Significant 5 3.5 Significant No Yes
Prato LAM +57% +5% 15 7 Major No Yes
Stockholm Blue Line +27% 0 Yes No No Yes
Case Study 1 : Nantes, France
Opted for Busway rather than additional LRT Started 2006, 7km, 15 stations Designed to tram-style specification 4 min frequency, 20 km/hr 25,000 px.day
Key design features: 4 park’n’ride facilities Articulated buses, CNG Priority at traffic signals High quality design in city centre High-specification vehicle
Like BRT in style, not in volume
BRT Running Way - Nantes
Nantes – Station and Running Way
Nantes –city centre stops
Nantes - vehicles
Nantes - Vehicles
Nantes – high quality bus interior
Nantes – Precision docking
Nantes – Easy access
Nantes – park’n’ride
Case Study 2 : Zuidtangent, Netherlands
Priority channel for buses Dedicated lanes between Haarlem
and Schiphol, then bus priority 24 km, 1.8 km in tunnel, 35 km/hr Intervals 6-8 minutes, 24/7 40,000 passengers daily Use normal buses, normal contracts
Additional features: Integration with rail at many places Efficient stop dwell times Euro 5 emissions, standard models Unique design elements, identity
BRT running way - Amsterdam
Running way - Amsterdam
Station - Amsterdam
Precision docking – Amsterdam
BRT Vehicle – Amsterdam
BHLS - Bicycle facilities
Bike’n’RideExtensive bike
parkingAmsterdam, AlmereBike on bus is rare
O. HEDDEBAUT
Case Study 3 : Cambridge, UK
Guided Busway Operates on disused railway line Links hinterland towns to city Suburban bus routes Privately operated services, no
subsidy Quality conditions
Key features Two guided bus tracks, 16 miles Operating speed 50 mph (80
kph) 3 Park’n’Ride sites Track access charges
Cambridge : Busway
Source : Cambridgeshire County Council
Cambridge : Busway track
Source : Cambridgeshire County Council
Cambridge : Vehicle
Source : Cambridgeshire County Council
Cambridge : Guide wheel for Busway
Source : Cambridgeshire County Council
Cambridge : Park’n’Ride
Source : Cambridgeshire County Council
BHLS - Customer comfort - Cambridge
WiFi on busSocket for PC,
phoneLeather seatsCCTV for security O. HEDDEBAUT
O. HEDDEBAUT
O. HEDDEBAUT
Madrid : Bus/VAO tidal lane
Amsterdam: Hard shoulder reserved for bus
Hamburg: Line 5 in reserved lane
Source : Hamburger Hochbahn AG
Lorient – priority lane in central area
Almere : Chicane at station approach
Oberhausen: Bus and tram on common lane
Hamburg: “XXL” bus
Source : Hamburger Hochbahn AG
Part 2: ITS practice in European BHLS
ITS practice in European BHLS
ITS is used extensively in European BHLS ITS is ‘standard’ for urban bus operations in Europe
anyway Many cities/operators have long experience of ITS Tend towards integrated approach, attention to
architecture
Used for a wide variety of functions AVM, dispatching, operations management, incidents, … Traffic signal priority, traffic management, … Traveller information, web, mobile, at-stop, in-vehicle, … Fare collection, ‘conventional’, EMV, mobile, NFC, … Security, CCTV, incident response, enforcement … Resource planning, optimisation, management, …. Service/quality monitoring, contract mgt., payments, ...
Hamburg – AVM Control Centre
Hamburg – AVM work station
Zurich – AVM Control Centre
Lisbon – AVM Control Centre
Rouen, France – optical guidance system
Castellon, Spain– Optical Guidance system
BHLS - Real-time information – at stops
O. HEDDEBAUT
O. HEDDEBAUT
Hamburg – RTPI at bus stop
Amstelveen, NL – RTPI at bus station
Source : David van der Spek, Stadsregio Amsterdam
Enschede, NL – RTPI at bus station
BHLS - Real-time information – in-vehicle
Next stopTransfer routes, timesAnnouncements
O. HEDDEBAUT
O. HEDDEBAUT
Paris TVM – Passenger Information
Real time passengers information on display at bus stop
Source : RATP
Paris TVM – Ticket Vending Machine
Ticketing Vending Machine :to buy ticket (magnetic technology)to reload your pass (contactless tecnhology)
Source : RATP
Paris TVM – ticket vending machine
Paris – ticket vending machine
Ticket vending machine at bus stop
Reloading pass (contactless)
Slot for the ticket(magnetic ticket) and receipt
Means of payment bank card or coins
Source : RATP
Stockholm – ETM and SCV at entry
Zurich – traffic signal
Nantes – traffic signal priority
Paris TVM – Traffic Signal Priority
Effective taking into account when it is flashing
Announcing a change of phase when it is flashings
Priority announcement helping driver to adapt the speed of the bus at cross road
Bus running and car stopped
Source : RATP
Cambridge – in-vehicle WiFi
Cambridge – personal security
Part 3: Institutional frameworks for BRT
What does the BRT involve?
Design and Implement the physical system Running way, stations, terminals, depots, traffic
management Vehicles, ITS systems, fare collection system
Establish the capacity to run a BRT system Responsible entity, day-to-day manager Service design, business model, permits, serivce
procurement
BRT Transport services BRT routes, feeder routes
BRT Support service Fare collection, passenger information, marketing, security Station management, Operations Management,
Enforcement
Ahmedabad: Janmarg BRT
Source : Prof. S, Swamy, CEPT University
Ahmedabad: Institutional Features
Institutional structure: Gujarat State: mandate for urban planning and
development Ahmedabad City (AMC) leads urban and transportation BRT Infrastructure financned by Government (City 15%)
Special Purpose Vehicle (AJL) established for BRT Main stakeholders are Board Members of AJL AJL is the BRT System Manager
Business model Lean organisation with outsourcing Services contracted to private sector; ITS done as PPP Close to financial viability
Jakarta: Transjakarta BRT
Source : Transjakarta
Jakarta: Institutional Features
Institutional structure: Jakarta Provincial Govt: primary mandate for urban
planning, development and transportation Transport Agency responsible for passenger
transportation BRT Infrastructure and subsidy financed by Jakarta Govt.
Public sector entity (TransJakarta) runs the BRT In of transformation to publicly-owned owned corporate
entity Transjakarta is the BRT System Manager Covers about 60% of system costs, transformation planned Services contracted to private sector Bus services: 7-year contracts, paid per veh-km Buses: Some routes provided by operator, some by Govt.
Lagos: BRT Lite
Source : Dayo Mobereola, LAMATA
Lagos: Institutional Features
Institutional Structure Lagos State Govt: Urban planning, devt. and transportation LAMATA is the Transport Authority for Lagos BRT Infrastructure financed by Lagos State Government
LAMATA is the BRT System Manager LAMATA manages the stations, operator manage operations Bus operations profitable, repaid vehicles in 18 months LAMATA absorbs system-level costs, no track charges,
operators have ‘captured’ the surplus Bus operator has non-contractual agreement Buses provided and financed by operators Fare collection under supervision of bank (tied to bus loans)
Pereira: Megabus BRT
Source : Sam Zimmerman, World Bank
Pereira: Institutional Features
Institutional structure: Municipality: Urban planning, development and transport Three municipalities formed a ‘Metropolitan Area’ (AMCO) AMCO plans, regulates UPT, lead agent for BRT Infrastructure financed by Govt. (national 70%, cities, 30%)
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) established for BRT Megabus S.A., owned by the Municipalities, lean organisation Megabus (SPV) is the BRT System Manager Financially self-sustaining, covers all system costs Services contracted to private sector Bus services: Two 15-year contracts, operator provides buses Fare collection and ITS: One 15-year PPP
BRT in Johannesburg
Johannesburg: Institutional Features
Institutional structure: City of Johannesburg: Urban planning and development National MOT: Primary mandate for passenger transport Jo’burg Roads Agency (JRA) is the implementing agency Infrastructure financed by Government (National, city)
Rea Vaya Business Unit is the BRT System Manager Core functions/competences retained in Business Unit Bus operations and maintenance contracted to bus
compay formed from the dispaced minibus-taxi operators Ticketing and station services contracted to private sector Rea Vaya requires ongoing financial support, long-term
Overview of initial findings
Review of international experience: Ahmedabad, Bogota, Cambridge, Curitiba, Jakarta,
Johannesburg, Lagos, Pereira, Santiago de Chile, Seoul,
Key points: BRT always seen as a City system City is always a core stakeholder in the BRT system entity Public sector is the prime financer of infrastructure Dedicated identity and unit for the BRT management Financial viability of the BRT system varies Private sector is a major provider of transportation,
customer-facing and support services Minimal use of PPP - exceptions for ITS, fare collection
Information resources for BRT, BHLS
ITDP – www.itdp.org BRT Planning Guidelines (2007, v.4 in 2012) Review of US BRT, case studies
EMBARQ – www.embarq.org Case study materials, usage guidance, evaluation
COST Action on BHLS - www.bhls.eu Final report available 11/2011 (at POLIS Annual Conference)
US National BRT Institute – www.nbrti.org SUTP – www.sutp.org Volvo Centre of Excellence, Santiago – www.brt.cl US TRB/TCRP - www.trb.org/TCRP/Public/TCRP.aspx World Bank, APTA, UITP, … Thredbo 12 (conference) –
www.thredbo-conference-series.org
BRT Framework: Detailed level
BRT System Owner
BRT System Operator
Regulator - Permits
BRT Transport Operations
Governance
-Govt. stakeholders-City stakeholders
-Experts-Private sector
City Services
-Traffic Management-Traffic signals-Enforcement
-……
BRT Support Services
BRT Customer Services
BRT Routes
Operations Manageme
nt
Feeder Routes
Station Maintenanc
eMarketing
& Promotions
Customer Support
TicketingPassenger Informatio
n
Cleaning
Running Way
Maintenance
Security
Station Managemen
t
Infrastructure Owner
-Federal/national-City/metropolitan
-Private?
BRT Expert