Post on 20-Jan-2016
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
CHEMICAL HAZARD
PHYSICAL HAZARD
BIOLOGICAL HAZARD
ERGONOMIC HAZARD
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
OBJECTIVES:
Discuss and explain common hazards in the workplace and their effects to workers’ health.
Recommend appropriate measures to prevent occupational and work-related illnesses.
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ( ILO/WHO ) Promote and maintain the highest degree of physical,
mental & social well-being of workers of all occupations
Prevent workers from departures due to health caused by their working conditions
Protect workers in their working environment from hazards and risks usually causing adverse health effects
Place & maintain a worker in an occupational environment adapted to his/her physiological ability
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
HAZARD AND RISK
HAZARD
- any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.
RISK
- the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Chemical Hazards
Routes of entry into the body
Inhalation
Ingestion
Skin Contact
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Chemical HazardsRoutes of excretion
Gastro-intestinal (feces)
Renal (urine) Respiratory (exhalation)
Skin (sweat, hair, nails)
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Chemical Hazards
Measures of concentration of toxic substances
Threshold Limit Value (TLV)- average concentration of an airborne substance to which most workers could be safely exposed over an eight-hour working day or forty-hour working week throughout a working lifetime
Maximal Allowable Concentration (MAC)- peak or maximum concentration of an airborne to which most workers could be safely exposed.
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Chemical HazardsClassification of Toxic Effects
Local toxicity- occurs at the site of chemical contact
Systemic toxicity- occurs distant from point of contact, may involve many organ systems
Acute toxicity-Acute toxicity- occurs almost immediately (hours/days) after an exposure
Chronic toxicity-Chronic toxicity- represents cumulative damage to specific organ systems; occurs many months or years to have recognizable clinical disease
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Chemical Hazards
Health Effects Renal Diseases Respiratory Diseases Skin Diseases Hematologic Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Neurologic Diseases Carcinogenic Teratogenic
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Chemical Hazards
Effects Chemical Agent Industry/Process
Renal Diseases: acute/chronic renal failure
Mercury, cadmium, chloroform
Battery, chemical industries, pesticide
Respiratory Diseases: Irritation, inflammation Solvents, ammonia Chemical industries
Pneumoconiosis Inorganic dust Mining, construction, sandblasting, coal
Cancer Chromium Plating, metal refining
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Chemical Hazards
Blood Diseases: Anemia Lead Battery mfg., lead
smelting
Aplastic anemia Benzene Solvent & soap mfg.
Skin Diseases: Allergic/contact dermatitis
Plastic epoxides Plastic, varnish
Acne Cutting oils, grease Machine-tool operators
Skin Cancer Arsenic, tar Petroleum refinery
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Chemical Hazards
Liver Disease: Acute liver toxicity Carbon
tetrachlorideCleaning fluids, dry cleaners
Liver cancer Vinyl chloride Plastics & vinyl chloride mfg.
Cardiovascular Disease: Hypertension Lead, Cadmium Battery mfg. &
recycling
Atherosclerosis Carbon disulfide Degreasing, dry cleaning
Arrythmias Fluorocarbon, trichloroethylene
Refrigeration, solvent workers
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Physical Hazards Noise
Vibration
Extreme Temperature
Illumination
Radiation
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Ear Anatomy
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Types of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Temporary Threshold Shift (auditory fatigue) temporary loss of hearing acuity after exposure to
loud noise recovery within 16-48 hrs
Permanent Threshold Shift irreversible loss of hearing
NOISE
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Early Signs of Hearing Loss• Difficulty in understanding spoken words in a
noisy environment• Need to be near or look at the person
speaking to help understand words• Familiar sounds are muffled• Complaints that people do not speak clearly• Ringing noises in the ears (tinnitus)
NOISE
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Other Harmful Effects of Noise
• Hypertension• Hyperacidity• Palpitations • Disturbs relaxation and sleep
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Physical factor which affects man by transmission of mechanical energy from oscillating sources
TypesSegmental vibrationWhole body vibration
VIBRATION
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
• Health Effects:—Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS)—tingling, numbness, blanching of fingers—pain
Segmental Vibration:
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Health effects:Fatigue IrritabilityHeadacheDisorders of the spine
Whole Body Vibration:
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
EXTREME TEMPERATURE
Sources of heat stress:
Natural ConditionsHot work processes related to furnaces, kilns,
boilers and smelting
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Health Effects of Heat Stress
Disorders Clinical features
Prickly Heat (Miliaria rubra) Pruritic rash
Heat cramps Cramps in the body, usually legs
Heat exhaustion Dizziness, fainting attack, blurring of vision, cold, clammy and sweaty skin
Heat stroke Cyanosis, muscle twitchings, disorientation, delirium, convulsions
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
EXTREME TEMPERATURE
Sources of Cold Environment:
Ice plants and freezers in the food industry
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Frostbite: reddening of skin, localized burning pain and numbness. Fingers, toes, cheeks, nose, ears are most susceptible.
trench foot or immersion foot: numbness, pain, cramps, ulceration and gangrene.
Health Effects of Cold Temperature
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Health Effects Visual FatigueDouble VisionHeadachesPainful irritation LacrimationConjunctivitis
Inadequate Illumination
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
RADIATION
Types Sources Health Effects
Ionizing X-rays
Gamma rays
Cancer, congenital defects, death
Non-ionizing Ultraviolet
Infrared
Laser
skin redness, premature skin ageing, and skin cancer
corneal and conjunctival burns, retinal injury, cataract
Skin and eye problem
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
VIRUSES FUNGI
BACTERIA PARASITES
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Selected Infectious Diseases and Occupations
Agent / Disease Occupation
Colds, influenza, scarlet fever, diphtheria, smallpox
May be contacted anywhere
Tuberculosis Silica workers, people exposed to heat and organic dusts, and medical personnel
Anthrax Animal handlers and handlers of carcasses, skins, or hair of infected animals, including wool carpet processors and handlers.
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Selected Infectious Diseases and Occupations
Agent / Disease Occupation
Ringworm (in horses, cattle, deer, pigs, cats, dogs, birds)
Pet shop salesmen, stockmen, breeders of cats and dogs, and other animal handlers
Tetanus Farmers (spores in soil) or anyone in contact with manure.
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Selected Infectious Diseases and Occupations
Agent / Disease Occupation
Rabies (e.g. dogs, bats, rats, pigs, cats)
Veterinarians, letter carriers, laboratory research workers, agricultural workers.
Fungus Farmers, outdoor workers, animal handlers
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
ERGONOMICS
Human Biological Science
+
Engineering Science
____________________________________
“ fitting the job to the worker”
MAXIMUM SATISFACTION AND INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY
MAXIMUM SATISFACTION AND INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
thetool
theworkstation
the task(job content &
context)
theorganization
theenvironment
ERGONOMICS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Goalto reduce work-related musculoskeletal
disorders (MSDs) developed by workers
MSDs are injuries and illnesses that affect muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints or spinal discs.
ERGONOMICS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Painful joints Pain, tingling, numbness in hands, wrists,
forearms, shoulders, knees and feet Shooting or stubbing pains Swelling or inflammation
Common Symptoms of MSDs
ERGONOMICS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Fingers or toes turning white Back or neck pain Stiffness
Common Symptoms of MSDs
ERGONOMICS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Static posture
Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Forceful exertion
Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS
Repetitive movement
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS
Extreme range of motion
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS
Awkward posture
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
ERGONOMICS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
STRESS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
STRESS
The harmful physical and emotional responses that occurs when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources or needs of the worker.
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
STRESS: Effects
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Manifestations of Stress
PHYSIOLOGICAL Heart rate Blood pressure Indigestion
BEHAVIORAL Drug use Alcohol intake Heavy smoking Impulsive emotional
behavior
Poor work & family
relationship Social isolation Family abandonment Sleep problems
PSYCHOLOGICAL Fatigue Anxiety Tension Irritability Depression Boredom Inability to
concentrate Low esteem
STRESS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Key Elements of the Occupational Health Program
Health Protection
Health Promotion
Health Rehabilitation
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Health and Safety Programs
Hazards/ Disease
Source Health Effect Health Program
Chemical
Solvents Paints, Thinners
Irritant, Multisystem effects
Surveillance for chemical exposure
Exposure monitoring (Biologic Monitoring)
Physical
Noise Woodwork
Operations
Hearing Impairment
Hearing Conservation Program
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Health and Safety Programs
Hazards/ Disease
Source Health Effect Health Program
Biologic
Tetanus Dirty Nails, soil Lockjaw, rigidity, death
Immunization
Ergonomic Stresses
Cumulative Trauma Disorder
Awkward postures, Heavy loads
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Management or personnel methods;
Workplace modification
Worker education and training;Back Care Program
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Health Promotion Physical activity, Nutrition, Weight reduction
Immunization OSHS, RULE 1960
Smoking cessation RA 9211 Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003
HIV/AIDS RA 8504 Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of
1998 National Workplace Policy on STD/HIV/AIDS initiated
by DOLE - 1997
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC