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7/21/2019 BL Chapter 1-Introduction to the Concept of Law
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CHAPTER1
An Introduction to the
Concept of Law in Malasia
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!his %ha&ter'
defines the %on%e&t of la in
)ala*sia in relation to the state
and the +onstit,tion
"B#ECTI$E%
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PRE$IE'
'hat is (Law)*
Law+ the %tate and the Constitution -a in )ala*sia
hat is a /State1
Classification of Law
2,3li% -a nternational -a
2rivate -a
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'h do we need LA'*
-do we reall need law*.
is a 5eans or devi%e to reg,late the e%ono5i% and
so%ial 3ehavio,r of so%iet*
ai5s to &reserve the e%ono5i% and so%ial elfare of
o,r so%iet*
is needed to reg,late and %ontrol the affairs of so%iet*
is a reg,lator* devi%e &roviding the 5e%hanis5 for
so%iet* to f,n%tion thro,gh tools s,%h as legislationand %asela
g,arantees o,r freedo56 ena3les free enter&rise and
&rovides a 5eans to settle dis&,tes a5i%a3l*
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'HAT I% (LA')*
t is a set of r,les tools that reg,lates intera%tions
that &eo&le have ith ea%h other6 and hi%h sets
standards of %ond,%t 3eteen individ,als and
3eteen individ,als and the govern5ent andhi%h are enfor%ea3le thro,gh san%tion.
!o the la*5an6 la is ,nderstood as 3eing a
general r,le of %ond,%t.
!he Oxford nglish i%tionar* defines la as /the
3od* of ena%ted or %,sto5ar* r,les re%ogni:ed 3*
a %o55,nit* as 3inding.
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Sir ;ohn Sal5ond in Jurisprudence, defines
la as'
the body of principlesre%ogni:ed and a&&lied3* the State in the ad5inistration of j,sti%e
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the ter5 /la is defined 3oth 3* Arti%le $=0 (#" of
the Federal +onstit,tion and te5 (4>+" of
se%tion #($" of the nter&retation and ?eneral
+la,ses Ordinan%e $948 to in%l,de'
-a. the written law
-3. co44on law in so far as it is in operation in
the 5ederation or an part thereof
-c. an custo4 or usa6e ha7in6 the force of law in
the 5ederation or in an part
'HAT I% (LA')* -cont.
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la in )ala*sia6 hi%h %onsists of 2enins,lar
)ala*sia6 Sa3ah and Saraa@6 is one &oliti%al ,nit
3,t it is not governed 3* the sa5e set of las atte5&ts are 5ade to a%hieve ,nifor5it* in the la
thro,gho,t )ala*sia 3,t this is not &ossi3le in all
areas of the la
# lin@s ,niting the to &arts of )ala*sia' the 2arlia5ent
the Federal +o,rt
LA'+ THE %TATE A9 THE
C"9%TIT;TI"9
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$4. )edi%ine and health
$C. -a3o,r and so%ial se%,rit*$=. elfare of the a3origines
$7. 2rofessional o%%,&ations
$8. olida*sD standard of ti5e$9. Gnin%or&orated so%ieties
#0. +ontrol of agri%,lt,ral &estsD et%
'HAT I% A (%TATE)* -cont.
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#$. es&a&ersD &,3li%ationsD &,3lishersD &rinting and&rinting &resses
##. +ensorshi>. !heatresD %ine5asD &,3li% a5,se5ents
#4. Federal ho,sing and i5&rove5ent tr,sts
#C. +oo&erative so%ieties
#=. 2revention and exting,ish5ent of fire6 in%l,ding fireservi%es and fire 3rigades
'HAT I% A (%TATE)* -cont.
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The Concurrent List:
$. So%ial elfare6 so%ial servi%es6 &rote%tion ofo5en6 %hildren and *o,ng &ersons
#. S%holarshi&s
>. 2rote%tion of ild ani5als and ild 3irdsDational 2ar@s
4. Ani5al h,s3andr*C. !on and %o,ntr* &lanning
=. Hagran%* and itinerant ha@ers
'HAT I% A (%TATE)* -cont.
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7. 2,3li% health6 sanitation and &revention of diseases
8. rainage and irrigation
9. Reha3ilitation of 5ining land and land hi%h hass,ffered soil erosion
$0. Fire safet* 5eas,res and fire &re%a,tions in the%onstr,%tion and 5aintenan%e of 3,ildings
5atters en,5erated in the +on%,rrent -ist 5a* also
3e the s,3je%t5atter of las 5ade 3* the statelegislat,res
the State -egislat,re 5a* also 5a@e las ithres&e%t to an* of the 5atters in the State -ist
'HAT I% A (%TATE)* -cont.
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The %tate List:
$. sla5i% la and &ersonal and fa5il* la of ),sli5sD
)ala* %,sto5sD offen%es 3* ),sli5sD S*ariah +o,rts
#. -and
>. Agri%,lt,re and forestr*
4. -o%al govern5ent
C. -o%al servi%es
=. State or@s and ater
'HAT I% A (%TATE)* -cont.
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divisions'a. Pu3lic law
3. International law
c. Pri7ate law
CLA%%I5ICATI"9% "5 LA'
-cont.
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la hi%h governs the relationshi& 3eteen
individ,als and the state
s,3divided into to %ategories'
a. Constitutional law
3. Cri4inal law
%onstit,tional la la*s don the rights of
individ,als in the state %ri5inal la %odifies the vario,s offen%es
%o55itted 3* individ,als against the State
P;BLIC LA'
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3od* of la hi%h is %o5&osed for its greater &art
of the &rin%i&les and r,les of %ond,%t hi%h
states feel the5selves 3o,nd to o3serve6 and%onseE,entl* %o55onl* do o3serve6 in their
relations ith ea%h other
s,3divided into to %ategories' Pu3lic international law
I9TER9ATI"9AL LA'
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Pri7ate international law (/%onfli%t of las"I A &art of 5,ni%i&al laI R,les that g,ide a j,dge hen the las of 5ore
than one %o,ntr* affe%t a %ase
to 5ain so,r%es of international la that affe%t
3,sinesses'
a. Custo4ar Rules of International Law3. Treaties and Con7entions
I9TER9ATI"9AL LA' -cont.
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5atters that affe%t the rights and d,ties of
individ,als a5ongst the5selves
intended to give %o5&ensation to &ersonsinj,red6 to ena3le &ro&ert* to 3e re%overed fro5
rongdoers6 and to enfor%e o3ligations
(%ontra%ts and tr,sts"
%overs' Contract Tort Trust
PRI$ATE LA' -CI$IL LA'.
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Contract3ased on agree5entessential ele5ents in a %ontra%t'
PRI$ATE LA' -CI$IL LA'. -cont.
$. Offer#. A%%e&tan%e
>. +a&a%it* to %ontra%t
4. o 5ista@e6 5isre&resentation or
,nd,e infl,en%eC. O3je%t 5,st 3e laf,l
=. ntention to enter into legal relations
7. +onsideration
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