BL Chapter 1-Introduction to the Concept of Law

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CHAPTER1

An Introduction to the

Concept of Law in Malasia


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!his %ha&ter'

defines the %on%e&t of la in

)ala*sia in relation to the state

and the +onstit,tion

"B#ECTI$E%


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PRE$IE'

'hat is (Law)*

Law+ the %tate and the Constitution -a in )ala*sia

hat is a /State1

Classification of Law

2,3li% -a nternational -a

2rivate -a


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'h do we need LA'*

-do we reall need law*.

is a 5eans or devi%e to reg,late the e%ono5i% and

so%ial 3ehavio,r of so%iet*

ai5s to &reserve the e%ono5i% and so%ial elfare of

o,r so%iet*

is needed to reg,late and %ontrol the affairs of so%iet*

is a reg,lator* devi%e &roviding the 5e%hanis5 for

so%iet* to f,n%tion thro,gh tools s,%h as legislationand %asela

g,arantees o,r freedo56 ena3les free enter&rise and

&rovides a 5eans to settle dis&,tes a5i%a3l*


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'HAT I% (LA')*

t is a set of r,les tools that reg,lates intera%tions

that &eo&le have ith ea%h other6 and hi%h sets

standards of %ond,%t 3eteen individ,als and

3eteen individ,als and the govern5ent andhi%h are enfor%ea3le thro,gh san%tion.

!o the la*5an6 la is ,nderstood as 3eing a

general r,le of %ond,%t.

!he Oxford nglish i%tionar* defines la as /the

3od* of ena%ted or %,sto5ar* r,les re%ogni:ed 3*

a %o55,nit* as 3inding.


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Sir ;ohn Sal5ond in Jurisprudence, defines

la as'

the body of principlesre%ogni:ed and a&&lied3* the State in the ad5inistration of j,sti%e


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the ter5 /la is defined 3oth 3* Arti%le $=0 (#" of

the Federal +onstit,tion and te5 (4>+" of

se%tion #($" of the nter&retation and ?eneral

+la,ses Ordinan%e $948 to in%l,de'

-a. the written law

-3. co44on law in so far as it is in operation in

the 5ederation or an part thereof

-c. an custo4 or usa6e ha7in6 the force of law in

the 5ederation or in an part

'HAT I% (LA')* -cont.


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la in )ala*sia6 hi%h %onsists of 2enins,lar

)ala*sia6 Sa3ah and Saraa@6 is one &oliti%al ,nit

3,t it is not governed 3* the sa5e set of las atte5&ts are 5ade to a%hieve ,nifor5it* in the la

thro,gho,t )ala*sia 3,t this is not &ossi3le in all

areas of the la

# lin@s ,niting the to &arts of )ala*sia' the 2arlia5ent

the Federal +o,rt

LA'+ THE %TATE A9 THE

C"9%TIT;TI"9


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$4. )edi%ine and health

$C. -a3o,r and so%ial se%,rit*$=. elfare of the a3origines

$7. 2rofessional o%%,&ations

$8. olida*sD standard of ti5e$9. Gnin%or&orated so%ieties

#0. +ontrol of agri%,lt,ral &estsD et%

'HAT I% A (%TATE)* -cont.


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#$. es&a&ersD &,3li%ationsD &,3lishersD &rinting and&rinting &resses

##. +ensorshi>. !heatresD %ine5asD &,3li% a5,se5ents

#4. Federal ho,sing and i5&rove5ent tr,sts

#C. +oo&erative so%ieties

#=. 2revention and exting,ish5ent of fire6 in%l,ding fireservi%es and fire 3rigades



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The Concurrent List:

$. So%ial elfare6 so%ial servi%es6 &rote%tion ofo5en6 %hildren and *o,ng &ersons

#. S%holarshi&s

>. 2rote%tion of ild ani5als and ild 3irdsDational 2ar@s

4. Ani5al h,s3andr*C. !on and %o,ntr* &lanning

=. Hagran%* and itinerant ha@ers



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7. 2,3li% health6 sanitation and &revention of diseases

8. rainage and irrigation

9. Reha3ilitation of 5ining land and land hi%h hass,ffered soil erosion

$0. Fire safet* 5eas,res and fire &re%a,tions in the%onstr,%tion and 5aintenan%e of 3,ildings

5atters en,5erated in the +on%,rrent -ist 5a* also

3e the s,3je%t5atter of las 5ade 3* the statelegislat,res

the State -egislat,re 5a* also 5a@e las ithres&e%t to an* of the 5atters in the State -ist



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The %tate List:

$. sla5i% la and &ersonal and fa5il* la of ),sli5sD

)ala* %,sto5sD offen%es 3* ),sli5sD S*ariah +o,rts

#. -and

>. Agri%,lt,re and forestr*

4. -o%al govern5ent

C. -o%al servi%es

=. State or@s and ater



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la hi%h governs the relationshi& 3eteen

individ,als and the state

s,3divided into to %ategories'

a. Constitutional law

3. Cri4inal law

%onstit,tional la la*s don the rights of

individ,als in the state %ri5inal la %odifies the vario,s offen%es

%o55itted 3* individ,als against the State

P;BLIC LA'


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3od* of la hi%h is %o5&osed for its greater &art

of the &rin%i&les and r,les of %ond,%t hi%h

states feel the5selves 3o,nd to o3serve6 and%onseE,entl* %o55onl* do o3serve6 in their

relations ith ea%h other

s,3divided into to %ategories' Pu3lic international law

I9TER9ATI"9AL LA'


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Pri7ate international law (/%onfli%t of las"I A &art of 5,ni%i&al laI R,les that g,ide a j,dge hen the las of 5ore

than one %o,ntr* affe%t a %ase

to 5ain so,r%es of international la that affe%t

3,sinesses'

a. Custo4ar Rules of International Law3. Treaties and Con7entions

I9TER9ATI"9AL LA' -cont.


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5atters that affe%t the rights and d,ties of

individ,als a5ongst the5selves

intended to give %o5&ensation to &ersonsinj,red6 to ena3le &ro&ert* to 3e re%overed fro5

rongdoers6 and to enfor%e o3ligations

(%ontra%ts and tr,sts"

%overs' Contract Tort Trust

PRI$ATE LA' -CI$IL LA'.


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Contract3ased on agree5entessential ele5ents in a %ontra%t'

PRI$ATE LA' -CI$IL LA'. -cont.

$. Offer#. A%%e&tan%e

>. +a&a%it* to %ontra%t

4. o 5ista@e6 5isre&resentation or

,nd,e infl,en%eC. O3je%t 5,st 3e laf,l

=. ntention to enter into legal relations

7. +onsideration

BL Chapter 1-Introduction to the Concept of Law

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