Protocol and Interactive Routine for the Design of Subsurface Bi i h MidBioreactors in the Midwest

Ri h d C kRichard CookeNatasha Bell

DiversionStructure

Third Generation Bioreactors

Capacity5’ Soil Backfill

Length/width dependent on contributing area

p yControlStructure

Backfill

SectionSection of perforated tile

Woodchips

Trench bottom at thetile invert level

p

5’ Soil backfill

Top View

5’ section of non-perforated tile

Capacity controlstructure

Diversionstructure

Solid  pipePlastic Liner

Perforated pipePerforated pipe

Solid pipe

• Bioreactor design is a complex balance of flow rate and residence time. 

Hi i h d d il d• Historic weather data, and soil and drainage system layout is used to 

evaluate bioreactor performance within specified levels of uncertainty. p y

• Operational (stop log) settings are incorporated into the design procedure. 

Main Interface

MS ControlsMS Controls

http://www.wq.illinois.edu/dg/

Sample Files

Popup Help ScreensPopup Help Screens

Contributing AreagBased on size and slopeBased on size and slope of outlet pipep p

sdA 5.067.2

3110nDc

Ac 311.0

Contributing AreagBased on tile lengths andBased on tile lengths and intersection anglesg

2SIESLA

)cos(8SSLAc

Contributing Areag

Woodchip PropertiesWoodchip Properties

Sizing CriteriagFlow rateFlow rate

Residence time

PerformancePerformance

Design Flow Rateg10‐year, 24 hour drain10 year, 24 hour drain outflow eventoutflow event • Grassed waterwaysGrassed waterways 

(NRCS‐412) 

• Constructed wetlands (NRCS‐656)

Design Flow RategDRAINMODDRAINMOD Sim lationsSimulations

• Weather• Soils• Drainage System Layout• Drainage System Layout

Midwest Database

NRCS Midwest DWM States

EDF for Daily Flow

Monthly Design Flowsg

Performance Curve

Illinois Performance CurveBIOREACTOR EFFICACY CURVE

Lake Decatur and Lake Bloomington WatershedsLake Decatur and Lake Bloomington Watersheds

Lr = 95 31Ld‐0.36180

90

100

(%)

Lr = 87.29Ld‐0.343

Lr = 95.31LdR² = 0.94

50

60

70

uctio

n Lr (

R² = 0.99

Lr = 95.42Ld‐0.435

R² = 0 4420

30

40

Load

 Red

R  = 0.44

0

10

0 5 10 15 20

Loading Density Ld ( Acres/100 sq.feet of the bioreactor)2008 2009 2010 2008 2008‐2009 2008‐2010

Cost Analysisy

Length/Width Effectsg /

Length/Width Effectsg /

Manual Optimizationp

Automatic Optimizationp

Incorporating Performance

Report Generation

Report Generation

Future Work: Residence Time

60 ft x 2.5 ft 40 ft x 3.5 ft

80 ft x 3.5 ft

Preliminary Results

Future Work: Nitrate Loads