BIOLOŠKE VODOGRADNJEP5

EKOLOŠKO UREĐENJE I OBNOVA VODOTOKA

Primjena osnovnih principa- Nastavak -

Soil properties

• Različite vegetacijske zone duž korita planinskog potoka

Compaction of streamside soil – may require deep plowing, ripping, or vegetative practices to break up the impermeable layer

Remnant vegetation and woody debris along a stream

A thriving and diverse plant community within a stream corridor

Restoration of understory plant species

Revegetation with the use of deeply planted live cuttings

Kentucky Reservoir watershed

Year 1943.

Year 1991.

Plant Communities

• Underpass design

• Edge vegetative structure

Habitat Measures – Bottom land hardwoods serving as a greentree reservoir

Importance of Beaver to Ripairan Ecosystems

The natural meander of a stream

Low energy system with small bank angles

Example plan and profile of a naturally meandering stream

Grade control structure

A stream meander and raised floodplain

Channel exhibiting accelerated lateral migration

Streambank Restoration: a stabilizrd streambank

Careless Creek

a) Eroded streambank –May 1995.

b) streambank in recovery–December 1997. b)

a)

Eroded bank

Bank failure stages

Cutting systems

Revertment system:Installation of logs with

intact root wads

Partially installed vegetated geogrid

Completed system

Completed system after one year

Instream habitat – suitable water quality, passage routes, and spawing grounds are some of the characteristics of fish habitat

Surveying a stream – Channel surveys establish baseline information needed for restoration design

Instream habitat structure

Instream habitat structure

Major Elements of Restoration Implementation• Review of Plans• Site Preparation• Site Clearing• Installation and

Construction• Site Reclamation

(Cleanup)• Inspection• Maintenance

Silt fence at a construction site

Silt fence instalation guidelines

Straw bale installation guidelines – straw bales are common sediment control measures

Heavy equipment

•Avoid heavy equipment in stream channels unless amsolutely necessary

Heavy equipment

•Lessons to be leard: heavy equipment can quickly reduce a vegetated area to churned earth

Special tank trucks carrying seed, water, and fertilizer can be used in revegetation efforts

Hydroseeding of a

streambank

Treatment of cuts and fills: slope gradient is an important factor in determining appropriate restoration measures

A well – mulched site

Mulching is an effective method for improving the final outcome of stream corridor restoration

A permanent livestock fence

Fencing is an effective, low cost method of providing physical protection to restoration sites

Flood debris

The entire corridor should be inspected annually to detect areas of debris accumulation from flood flows

Revegetation project

Revegetation project after 1 to 2 years postconstruction

Remedial maintenance: soil bioengineering used to repair failing revetment

Accumulated woody debrisRemoval of woody debris may contrary to restoration objectives

Human interest in the stream corridor Aesthetics are a highly

valued benefit associated with a healthy stream corridor

Land Use Scenarios: Sediment – laden stream

Most stream corridor degradation can be attributed to impacts resulting from surrounding land uses

Hypothetical conditions

•Activities causing change in this agricultural setting

•Activities causing change in this agricultural setting

Hypothetical conditions

Hypothetical restoration response

1996. Landslides:up in the April landslide, anddown in the July landslide

Stream corridor:before, and

after restoration

A heavily impacted tributary within the Big Spring Creek watershed

The Big Spring Creek Watershed

The same tributary after restoration

All the flowers of all the tomorrows are in the seeds of today...

Chinese proverb

There will come a time when you believe everything is finished.That will be the beginning...

Louis L´Amour