Biology 11/12/14 Mrs. Biology 11/12/14 Mrs. TurgeonTurgeon

““Regret for the things we did can be tempered by time; it is regret for Regret for the things we did can be tempered by time; it is regret for the things we did not do that is inconsolable” – Sydney J. Harristhe things we did not do that is inconsolable” – Sydney J. Harris

SWBATSWBAT::

1. Describe 4 analogies for cell organelles1. Describe 4 analogies for cell organelles

DO NOW:DO NOW:

1. What is an analogy?1. What is an analogy?

CELL ORGANELLES CELL ORGANELLES & FEATURES& FEATURESChapter 7, Section 3Chapter 7, Section 3

PLASMA MEMBRANE (p.175)PLASMA MEMBRANE (p.175) Membrane Membrane

LipidsLipids Membrane Membrane

ProteinsProteins Cholesterol Cholesterol

(lipid)(lipid) in animals in animals prevent prevent membrane membrane freezing in low freezing in low tempstemps

Phospholipid BilayerPhospholipid Bilayer = designed so = designed so that the fatty acid tails (that the fatty acid tails (the part that the part that doesn’t doesn’t like waterlike water) are in the middle and ) are in the middle and the phosphate group heads (the phosphate group heads (the part that the part that likeslikes water water) face the inside & outside of ) face the inside & outside of the cellthe cell

Membrane ProteinsMembrane Proteins 1. Integral Proteins1. Integral Proteins = proteins = proteins

embedded in membraneembedded in membrane Surface markersSurface markers Receptors for chemical signalsReceptors for chemical signals Transport ProteinsTransport Proteins = move substances & = move substances &

waste materials through the plasma waste materials through the plasma membranemembrane

2. Peripheral Proteins2. Peripheral Proteins = lie on one side = lie on one side of membrane, of membrane, not embeddednot embedded

Fluid Mosaic ModelFluid Mosaic Model Phospholipid Bilayer Phospholipid Bilayer E.E. behaves more as behaves more as

a a fluidfluid rather than a solid rather than a solid Proteins & Lipids can move laterallyProteins & Lipids can move laterally Constantly changing “mosaic” patternConstantly changing “mosaic” pattern Membrane is Membrane is selectively permeableselectively permeable, , E.E.

letting only certain materials in & outletting only certain materials in & out http://www.susanahalpine.com/anim/Life/

memb.htm

NUCLEUS & CELL NUCLEUS & CELL CONTROL (P.180)CONTROL (P.180)

Nucleus Nucleus = houses and protects cell’s = houses and protects cell’s genetic info/blueprints, DNAgenetic info/blueprints, DNA

ChromatinChromatin = period of non-division DNA = period of non-division DNA in a threadlike formin a threadlike form

Chromosomes Chromosomes = during division DNA = during division DNA condensescondenses

Nuclear EnvelopeNuclear Envelope = = 22 lipid bilayer lipid bilayer membranesmembranes surround nucleus surround nucleus covered with covered with nuclear poresnuclear pores (allows RNA in (allows RNA in

and out)and out)

NucleolusNucleolus = concentrated DNA area = concentrated DNA area within within nucleusnucleus, where , where ribosomesribosomes are are mademade RibosomesRibosomes = site of protein production = site of protein production

CytoplasmCytoplasm = fluid = fluid cytosolcytosol and and organellesorganelles

Assembly, Transport , Assembly, Transport , & Storage (p.181)& Storage (p.181)

OrganellesOrganelles are suspended within the are suspended within the cell’s cell’s cytosolcytosol

ENDOPLASMIC ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUMRETICULUM

Site of cellular Site of cellular chemical reactionschemical reactions Series of folded membranes, folding Series of folded membranes, folding

allows it to better fit in a small spaceallows it to better fit in a small space 2 types,2 types, rough rough & & smoothsmooth

1. Rough ER 1. Rough ER Covered with Covered with Ribosomes Ribosomes Produces proteins & phospholipids (makes Produces proteins & phospholipids (makes

digestive enzymes)digestive enzymes)

2. Smooth ER2. Smooth ER Lacks ribosomesLacks ribosomes Builds lipids (cholesterol, estrogen, Builds lipids (cholesterol, estrogen,

testosterone)testosterone)

Biology 11/7/13 Mrs. TurgeonBiology 11/7/13 Mrs. Turgeon

“ “The three hardest tasks in the world are neither physical feats nor The three hardest tasks in the world are neither physical feats nor intellectual achievements, but moral acts: to return love for hate, to intellectual achievements, but moral acts: to return love for hate, to include the excluded, and to say, ‘I was wrong’.” – Sydney J. Harrisinclude the excluded, and to say, ‘I was wrong’.” – Sydney J. Harris

DO NOW:DO NOW:

1. Turn in your homework (Osmosis worksheet)1. Turn in your homework (Osmosis worksheet)

2. In your notes: Where in the cell is the DNA? What do we call the 2. In your notes: Where in the cell is the DNA? What do we call the DNA when it is ready to divide itself?DNA when it is ready to divide itself?

AGENDAAGENDA::

1.1.Students will be able to describe the major organelles of a cell by Students will be able to describe the major organelles of a cell by taking notestaking notes

ANNOUNCEMENT:ANNOUNCEMENT:

If you are interested in joining science olympiad, come to the meeting If you are interested in joining science olympiad, come to the meeting after school today in room 309 (I am the assistant coach) !after school today in room 309 (I am the assistant coach) !

GOLGI APPARATUSGOLGI APPARATUS

System of flattened, membrane sacsSystem of flattened, membrane sacs Modifies proteins Modifies proteins Packages proteins in Packages proteins in vesiclesvesicles to be sent to be sent

to other locations in the cellto other locations in the cell

The “UPS packaging center”The “UPS packaging center”

Turn to Page 183Turn to Page 183

Look at figure 7.10Look at figure 7.10

In your notes: In your notes:

1.1.What type of microscope was used to What type of microscope was used to create this image?create this image?

2.2.What breakfast food does the Golgi What breakfast food does the Golgi apparatus look like?apparatus look like?

VACUOLESVACUOLES

VacuoleVacuole = = compartments for compartments for storage (food, storage (food, enzymes, etc.)enzymes, etc.)

Vacuoles are mainly Vacuoles are mainly found in plant cells found in plant cells

Still on page 183Still on page 183Look at figure 7.11Look at figure 7.11

In your notes:In your notes:

1. What type of cell do we typically see 1. What type of cell do we typically see vacuoles?vacuoles?

2. Which picture ( A or B ) has larger 2. Which picture ( A or B ) has larger vacuoles?vacuoles?

LYSOSOMESLYSOSOMES

LysosomeLysosome = = organelles containing organelles containing digestive enzymes digestive enzymes

Digest worn out Digest worn out organelles, food, organelles, food, viruses & bacteriaviruses & bacteria

Still on page 183 Still on page 183 Read about LysosomesRead about Lysosomes

In your notes:In your notes:

1.1.What organelle do lysosomes fuse to?What organelle do lysosomes fuse to?

2.2.What does “fuse” mean?What does “fuse” mean?

3.3.Why are lysosomes called “the garbage Why are lysosomes called “the garbage collector?”collector?”

11/14/14 BIOLOGY MRS.TURGEON

“Think of all the beauty still around you and be happy.” -Anne Frank

OBJECTIVES SWBAT:1.Describe how energy is made in the cell

DO NOW:1. Name an analogy for a lysosome

11/14/14 Biology MRS.TURGEON

Reminders:

1. Due Monday: Organelle notecards!

2. Quiz next Friday on organelles

Energy Transformers Energy Transformers (p.184)(p.184)

These organelles are suspended in These organelles are suspended in the cytosolthe cytosol

Read the paragraph Read the paragraph titled: titled: EnergyEnergy TransformersTransformers (p.184) (p.184)

In your guided notes, answer: What In your guided notes, answer: What two organelles provide energy for two organelles provide energy for the cell?the cell?

CHLOROPLASTSCHLOROPLASTS

Found in plantsFound in plants A type of A type of plastidplastid ChlorophyllChlorophyll = green = green

pigment in pigment in chloroplasts, traps chloroplasts, traps light energylight energy to be to be converted into converted into chemical energychemical energy

PAGE 184PAGE 184

Look at figure 7.12Look at figure 7.12

In your notes:In your notes:

1.What is embedded in the inner series of 1.What is embedded in the inner series of thylakoid membranes?thylakoid membranes?

2. What does “embedded” mean?2. What does “embedded” mean?

MITOCHONDRIAMITOCHONDRIA

Organelles that Organelles that transfer energy transfer energy from organic from organic molecules to molecules to ATP ATP

ATPATP = = adenosine adenosine triphosphatetriphosphate, , stores energy in stores energy in structurestructure

Turn to page 185Turn to page 185

Look at Figure 7.13 and answer the Look at Figure 7.13 and answer the following questions:following questions:

1.1.Where is the mitochondria? In the Where is the mitochondria? In the nucleus or the cytoplasm?nucleus or the cytoplasm?

2.2.How many membranes are there?How many membranes are there?

Highly active cells (muscle cells) have Highly active cells (muscle cells) have more mitochondriamore mitochondria

Has Has 2 membranes2 membranes Outer MembraneOuter Membrane = separates mitochondria = separates mitochondria

from cytosolfrom cytosol Inner MembraneInner Membrane = shaped into folds to fit in = shaped into folds to fit in

a small space, where chemical reactions to a small space, where chemical reactions to produce energy occurproduce energy occur

Pg. 184 and 185Pg. 184 and 185

Compare and contrast mitochondria and Compare and contrast mitochondria and chloroplasts. Why are they referred to as chloroplasts. Why are they referred to as energy transformers? energy transformers?

((Do all cells contain mitochondria? Do all Do all cells contain mitochondria? Do all cells have chloroplasts?)cells have chloroplasts?)

Organelles for Organelles for Support & Support & LocomotionLocomotion(p.185)(p.185)

CYTOSKELETONCYTOSKELETON

Network of tubes & filaments crisscrossing Network of tubes & filaments crisscrossing cytosol cytosol

Gives shape to cellGives shape to cell Acts as “highway system” to move materials Acts as “highway system” to move materials

throughout the cellthroughout the cell MicrotubulesMicrotubules = thin, hollow cylinders made of = thin, hollow cylinders made of

proteinprotein MicrofilamentsMicrofilaments = smaller, solid protein fibers = smaller, solid protein fibers

Pg. 185Pg. 185

Find the Word Origin box.Find the Word Origin box.

1.1.What does it say about the term What does it say about the term “cytoskeleton” ?“cytoskeleton” ?

2.2.What analogy did you give the What analogy did you give the cytoskeleton?cytoskeleton?

Cilia & FlagellaCilia & Flagella = = hairlike structures, hairlike structures, extend from cell extend from cell body, movementbody, movement

CentriolesCentrioles = 2 short = 2 short cylinders of cylinders of microtubules, found microtubules, found in animal cells, in animal cells, organize organize microtubules during microtubules during cell divisioncell division..

Page 187Page 187

Read about Cilia and Flagella. Read about Cilia and Flagella.

1. In your notes: Describe their respective 1. In your notes: Describe their respective motions. What analogy is used to describe motions. What analogy is used to describe how cilia move?how cilia move?

Page 186Page 186

Look at figure 7.14Look at figure 7.14

1.1.Does the description state that plant & Does the description state that plant & animal cells are similar or different?animal cells are similar or different?

2.2.Describe the differences between animal Describe the differences between animal & plant cells& plant cells