Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Open Access to Scientific Information

Public Library of Science, et. al

by Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Executive Director

American-Italian Cancer Foundation

New York, NY

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002 Conference

High Quality Information for All

And What It Costs

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

If you have an apple and I have an apple and if we exchange these apples

then you and I will still have an apple.

But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange ideas,

….George Bernard Shaw

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

The worldwide web and electronic journals are

deconstructing the traditional serials landscape, changing the

role of libraries, scholars, indexers and more.

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Physics ePrint Archives Average Daily Usage

ArXIV.org

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Open Archives Goals

•Develops and promotes interoperability standards

•Facilitate the efficient dissemination of content

•Enhance access to e-print archives

•Increasing the availability of scholarly communication

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Open Archives

• Long-term trends towards primary information being openly accessible

• Discipline variation – central archives vs. distributed web sites

• OAI can used across distributed systems

independent of content and economic mechanisms

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Source Ulrichs

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

• Declining costs of access to information is a crucial factor in the progress of humanity.

• Now feasible to provide and properly organize a freely available scientific knowledge.

• Scientists’ responsibility to work toward this goal.• It can only be achieved by changing attitudes

toward scientific publishing.

One More Revolution…Free Scientific Publishing

R. Krzysztof, Association for Computing Machinery, May 2001

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

The Journal Wars

Purdue University

SPARC

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Between 1986 and 2000

• Average Cost of Subscriptions increased 226%

• Number Bought by Libraries Decreased 6%

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

SCIENTIFIC SUBSCRIPTIONSDiscipline Average Price Per TitlePhysics $1,717Chemistry 1,642Astronomy 1,109Engineering 962Biology 931Math & Computer Science 899Technology 863Geology 795Zoology 725Botany 720General Science 719Food Science 621

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

 SPARC Publisher-Partnerships Goals

• Create competitive scholarly communication marketplace• Reduce cost of journal acquisition, production and distribution• Reward responsive publishers• Ensure fair use of electronic resources• Strengthen proprietary rights and privileges of authorship• Use technology to improve scholarly communication

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

www.sparceurope.com

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Premise: Nonprofit journals are more cost

effective than commercial ventures

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Theory and Practice ofLogic Programming

Theory and Practice ofLogic Programming

Alternative Journals

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

SPARC Titles are Less ExpensiveEco-

Titre Prix Titre Prix nomieTopology & Its Applications

$2,509 Algebraic and Geometric Topology

gratuit $2,509

Journal of Crystal Growth

$8,657 Crystal Growth & Design

$1,600 $7,057

Evolut. Ecology (prix réduit en2001)

$560 Evolutionary Ecology

$305 $255

Topology $1,223 Geometry & Topology

gratuit $1,223

Organic Geochemistry

$2,359 Geochemical Transactions

$100 $2,259

Sensors & Actuators, A & B

$4,989 IEEE Sensors Journal

$395 $4,594

Machine Learning

$1,006 Jnl of Machine Learning Research

gratuit $1,006

Tetrahedron Letters

$9,036 Organic Letters $2,438 $6,598

Chemical Physics Letters

$9,637 PhysChemComm $100 $9,537

Jnl of Logic & Algebraic Programming

$701 Theory & Practice of Logic Programming

$300 $401

$40,677 $5,238 $35,439

SPARC Alternative Titre traditionnel

www.sparceurope.org

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

•Digital archive of life sciences journal literature•Developed and managed by the National Center for

Biotechnology Information (NCBI)/NLM• PubMed Central aims to fill the role of a world class library

in the digital age. •Access to PubMed Central is free and unrestricted.

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

BioMed Central Traffic (November 2001)

•1 million impressions per month •4000 individual users daily •50,000 registered users •10 research papers submitted daily •users originate from 55,000 distinct IP addresses per month

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

United States UnitedKingdon

Australia Canada France Germany India Italy Japan Switzerland

BIOMED CENTRAL TOP 10 SOURCE COUNTRIES

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Articles published on BioMed Central are:

•Available free without barriers to access of any kind •Supported by advertising, sponsorship, author charges •Subject to full, high-quality peer review •Published rapidly, average 35 days •Permanently available online in full text through PubMedCentral, indexed by PubMed

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Online Journals & Peer Review• Finding and managing reviewers is a major

challenge • A recent task force on peer review noted that :to

maintain benefits of current system, any new replacements will be at least as expensive in terms of money or referee resources

• Money may have to come from government funding unless institutions can redirect library savings

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Let the Archives Go!

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Open Letter Top 10 Source Countries

Country Signatures United States 3142France 2485Spain 1405Brazil 1374United Kingdom 1001Germany 969Italy 878Belgium 732Portugal 623Argentina 612

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Top 20 Source Countries

United States

France

Spain

Brazil

United Kingdom

Germany

Italy

Belgium

Portugal

Argentina

Canada

Mexico

Netherlands

Australia

India

Switzerland

Sweden

Russian Federation

Israel

Turkey

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

• Non-profit organization of scientists

• Committed to making scientific and medical literature

• Freely accessible to scientists and to the public around the world

• For the benefit of scientific progress, education and the public good

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

A Guide to Creating

Community-controlled

Science Journals

DECLARING INDEPENDENCE

A Guide to Creating

Community-controlled

Science Journals

DECLARING INDEPENDENCE

Public Library of Science

www.createchange.org

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Total Accesses: 31,953,979Searches Performed: 7,979,862Articles Viewed: 6,677,748Articles Printed: 4,110,051Pages Viewed: 12,177,930Total Issues Available: 53,264Total full-length articles available: 611,478Total articles: 1,302,910Total pages currently available: 7,809,852Number of participating institutions: 1,130Number of participating journals: 273Number of journals available online: 169Number of participating publishers: 148

JSTOR FACTS

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Major Medical Publishers make Journals Available Freely

Developing Countries via Internet

• Blackwell Science• Elsevier Science• Harcourt Worldwide• Lippincott Williams & Wilkins• Springer Verlag• Wolters Kluwer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

•Project of the Human Info NGO

•More than 100 partners

•Provides universal free or low-cost information access

•Cooperates with UN Agencies, Universities and NGOs 

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

• Essential Information readily available

• Solve local development problems

• Equivalent of 16 full university degrees in 1 “library”

• Create ready-to-upload libraries for servers in developing countries

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Dedicated to facilitating scholar-led innovations in scholarly communication

Supporting experiments in alternative production and dissemination of scholarship

Program commitment University of California

University of California Hosted

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Open Access to Information

Scientists and Scholars

Scientists and Scholars

AuthorsAuthors

Libraries and Nonprofit Alliances

Libraries and Nonprofit Alliances

ReadersReaders

Electronic Journals

Online Access

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Open AccessOptions for Cost Recovery

• Charge for rejection

• Author Charges

• Institutional support for authors

• Self-archiving windfall savings – yields library subvention

• Government Support

• Advertisements

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Economic and organizational barriers to entry in digital publishing

Creation of innovative alternatives

Increased volume and escalating costs

Adequate signals of quality within burgeoning literatures

Efficient dissemination among peers

Opportunities for review and protection of intellectual property

Enduring availability for the future

Change in Scholarly Communication

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

World Wide Web

World Wide Wisdom

Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer

Bielefeld 2002 Conference

High Quality Information for All

And What It Costs