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Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Open Access to Scientific Information
Public Library of Science, et. al
by Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Executive Director
American-Italian Cancer Foundation
New York, NY
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002 Conference
High Quality Information for All
And What It Costs
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
If you have an apple and I have an apple and if we exchange these apples
then you and I will still have an apple.
But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange ideas,
….George Bernard Shaw
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
The worldwide web and electronic journals are
deconstructing the traditional serials landscape, changing the
role of libraries, scholars, indexers and more.
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Physics ePrint Archives Average Daily Usage
ArXIV.org
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Open Archives Goals
•Develops and promotes interoperability standards
•Facilitate the efficient dissemination of content
•Enhance access to e-print archives
•Increasing the availability of scholarly communication
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Open Archives
• Long-term trends towards primary information being openly accessible
• Discipline variation – central archives vs. distributed web sites
• OAI can used across distributed systems
independent of content and economic mechanisms
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Source Ulrichs
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
• Declining costs of access to information is a crucial factor in the progress of humanity.
• Now feasible to provide and properly organize a freely available scientific knowledge.
• Scientists’ responsibility to work toward this goal.• It can only be achieved by changing attitudes
toward scientific publishing.
One More Revolution…Free Scientific Publishing
R. Krzysztof, Association for Computing Machinery, May 2001
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
The Journal Wars
Purdue University
SPARC
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Between 1986 and 2000
• Average Cost of Subscriptions increased 226%
• Number Bought by Libraries Decreased 6%
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
SCIENTIFIC SUBSCRIPTIONSDiscipline Average Price Per TitlePhysics $1,717Chemistry 1,642Astronomy 1,109Engineering 962Biology 931Math & Computer Science 899Technology 863Geology 795Zoology 725Botany 720General Science 719Food Science 621
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
SPARC Publisher-Partnerships Goals
• Create competitive scholarly communication marketplace• Reduce cost of journal acquisition, production and distribution• Reward responsive publishers• Ensure fair use of electronic resources• Strengthen proprietary rights and privileges of authorship• Use technology to improve scholarly communication
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
www.sparceurope.com
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Premise: Nonprofit journals are more cost
effective than commercial ventures
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Theory and Practice ofLogic Programming
Theory and Practice ofLogic Programming
Alternative Journals
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
SPARC Titles are Less ExpensiveEco-
Titre Prix Titre Prix nomieTopology & Its Applications
$2,509 Algebraic and Geometric Topology
gratuit $2,509
Journal of Crystal Growth
$8,657 Crystal Growth & Design
$1,600 $7,057
Evolut. Ecology (prix réduit en2001)
$560 Evolutionary Ecology
$305 $255
Topology $1,223 Geometry & Topology
gratuit $1,223
Organic Geochemistry
$2,359 Geochemical Transactions
$100 $2,259
Sensors & Actuators, A & B
$4,989 IEEE Sensors Journal
$395 $4,594
Machine Learning
$1,006 Jnl of Machine Learning Research
gratuit $1,006
Tetrahedron Letters
$9,036 Organic Letters $2,438 $6,598
Chemical Physics Letters
$9,637 PhysChemComm $100 $9,537
Jnl of Logic & Algebraic Programming
$701 Theory & Practice of Logic Programming
$300 $401
$40,677 $5,238 $35,439
SPARC Alternative Titre traditionnel
www.sparceurope.org
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
•Digital archive of life sciences journal literature•Developed and managed by the National Center for
Biotechnology Information (NCBI)/NLM• PubMed Central aims to fill the role of a world class library
in the digital age. •Access to PubMed Central is free and unrestricted.
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
BioMed Central Traffic (November 2001)
•1 million impressions per month •4000 individual users daily •50,000 registered users •10 research papers submitted daily •users originate from 55,000 distinct IP addresses per month
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
United States UnitedKingdon
Australia Canada France Germany India Italy Japan Switzerland
BIOMED CENTRAL TOP 10 SOURCE COUNTRIES
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Articles published on BioMed Central are:
•Available free without barriers to access of any kind •Supported by advertising, sponsorship, author charges •Subject to full, high-quality peer review •Published rapidly, average 35 days •Permanently available online in full text through PubMedCentral, indexed by PubMed
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Online Journals & Peer Review• Finding and managing reviewers is a major
challenge • A recent task force on peer review noted that :to
maintain benefits of current system, any new replacements will be at least as expensive in terms of money or referee resources
• Money may have to come from government funding unless institutions can redirect library savings
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Let the Archives Go!
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Open Letter Top 10 Source Countries
Country Signatures United States 3142France 2485Spain 1405Brazil 1374United Kingdom 1001Germany 969Italy 878Belgium 732Portugal 623Argentina 612
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Top 20 Source Countries
United States
France
Spain
Brazil
United Kingdom
Germany
Italy
Belgium
Portugal
Argentina
Canada
Mexico
Netherlands
Australia
India
Switzerland
Sweden
Russian Federation
Israel
Turkey
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
• Non-profit organization of scientists
• Committed to making scientific and medical literature
• Freely accessible to scientists and to the public around the world
• For the benefit of scientific progress, education and the public good
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
A Guide to Creating
Community-controlled
Science Journals
DECLARING INDEPENDENCE
A Guide to Creating
Community-controlled
Science Journals
DECLARING INDEPENDENCE
Public Library of Science
www.createchange.org
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Total Accesses: 31,953,979Searches Performed: 7,979,862Articles Viewed: 6,677,748Articles Printed: 4,110,051Pages Viewed: 12,177,930Total Issues Available: 53,264Total full-length articles available: 611,478Total articles: 1,302,910Total pages currently available: 7,809,852Number of participating institutions: 1,130Number of participating journals: 273Number of journals available online: 169Number of participating publishers: 148
JSTOR FACTS
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Major Medical Publishers make Journals Available Freely
Developing Countries via Internet
• Blackwell Science• Elsevier Science• Harcourt Worldwide• Lippincott Williams & Wilkins• Springer Verlag• Wolters Kluwer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
•Project of the Human Info NGO
•More than 100 partners
•Provides universal free or low-cost information access
•Cooperates with UN Agencies, Universities and NGOs
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
• Essential Information readily available
• Solve local development problems
• Equivalent of 16 full university degrees in 1 “library”
• Create ready-to-upload libraries for servers in developing countries
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Dedicated to facilitating scholar-led innovations in scholarly communication
Supporting experiments in alternative production and dissemination of scholarship
Program commitment University of California
University of California Hosted
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Open Access to Information
Scientists and Scholars
Scientists and Scholars
AuthorsAuthors
Libraries and Nonprofit Alliances
Libraries and Nonprofit Alliances
ReadersReaders
Electronic Journals
Online Access
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Open AccessOptions for Cost Recovery
• Charge for rejection
• Author Charges
• Institutional support for authors
• Self-archiving windfall savings – yields library subvention
• Government Support
• Advertisements
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Economic and organizational barriers to entry in digital publishing
Creation of innovative alternatives
Increased volume and escalating costs
Adequate signals of quality within burgeoning literatures
Efficient dissemination among peers
Opportunities for review and protection of intellectual property
Enduring availability for the future
Change in Scholarly Communication
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
World Wide Web
World Wide Wisdom
Bielefeld 2002, Dr. Esther R. Dyer
Bielefeld 2002 Conference
High Quality Information for All
And What It Costs