BASIC NURSING

BYEVELYN SUNNU (MRS)

INTRODUCTION

• Nursing today is far different from what was practiced years ago and it is expected to continue changing during the 21st century.

• To comprehend present day nursing and to prepare for the future,

• one must understand not only past events but also the sociological and historical factors that affect it

Women’s Roles

• Traditional female roles of wife, mother, daughter, and sister have always included the care and nurturing of other family members.

• From the beginning of time, women have cared for infants and children thus, nursing could be said to have its roots in the HOME.

• Traditional nursing role has always entailed humanistic caring, nurturing, comforting and supporting.

Women’s Roles

• Throughout history, wars have accentuated the need for nurses.

• During the Crimean War in 1854-1856, the inadequacy of care given to soldiers led to a public outcry in Great Britain.

• The role Florence Nightingale played in addressing this problem is well known

DEFITION OF NURSING

• FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE defined Nursing nearly 150 years ago as the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery (1860/ 1969).

• She considered a clean, well-ventilated and quite environment essential for recovery.

• In the latter half of 20th century, a number of nurse theorist have developed their own theoretical definitions of nursing such as;

DEFINITION CONT.

• Nursing is caring

• Nursing is an act

• Nursing is a science

• Nursing is client centered

• Nursing is holistic

WHO IS A NURSE?

NURSES

HOSPITAL BED

HOSPITAL BED

• BED is equipment used by patients/ clients; therefore it has to be design for comfort and safety.

• It should be adaptable to various positions as required.

• Hospital patients spend varying amount of the day in bed, so, its comfort is of considerable importance.

HOSPITAL BED

• To ensure this, the bed should be fresh,• • free from crumbs and creases.

• The pillows should arranged to give support where necessary.

THE BEDSTEADS

• Hospital bedsteads are usually made of metals with wire springs inside.

• Its smooth outline facilitates cleaning and prevents it from collection of dust and pathogens.

• The most common size/standard length is approximately six (6) feet, six inches (1.9m) by three feet 0.9 m (width) and it is placed five feet apart.

BED STEAD

• A hospital bed should be 65cm to 70cm (26 to 28 inches) from the floor, this prevents undue musculoskeletal strain on the nurse and the client.

• It has four wheels under it for easy movement.

HOSPITAL BEDSTEAD

MATRESSES

• The typical hospital bed consists of a firm mattress on a metal frame that can be raised and lowered horizontally.

• They are made up of latex foam, air, water etc.

• They are covered with a protective waterproof material that resists soiling and can be cleaned easily.

BOLSTERS

• They are stuffed with hair and feather.

• It is a long thick round pillow that is placed across the top of a bed under the other pillows.

BLANKETS

• These are made up of synthetics or wool.

• Functions

• they are used to provide necessary warmth for the patient without too much weight on him or her

COUNTERPANES

• They are made up of bright, durable and colorful material.

• They are light in color and in weight

• They are used to decorate the bed

COTTON DRAW SHEET

• These are made up of fairly heavy cotton material.

• The standard size is two yards and one and half yards long.

• They are placed under the patient buttocks across the bed to protect the bed linen from getting soiled.

• It is also drawn to give patient a clean cool fresh piece of sheet to lie on.

CONTERPANE

WATERPROOF DRAW SHEETS/ MACKINTOSH

• These consist of rubber, plastic sheet about thirty Inches Square with a piece of material stitched to each end.

• It is tucked in and held firmly under the cotton draw sheet to protect the bed from getting soiled.

BED LINEN / BED SHEET

• These are made up of cotton

• polyesters or linen.

• They are used to cover the bed.

• also to cover the patient to provide warmth

LONG WATERPROOF SHEET

• They are made of canvas or rubber.

• It is thick and long enough to stretch over the whole mattress with excess to tuck in at the top and bottom of the bed.

• to prevent the bed linen from getting soiled.

RULES FOR MAKING HOSPITAL BED

• Collect all requirements before starting.

• Two nurses are required and they should work in harmony, avoiding jerky movements and jarring the bed.

• Never cover the patients FACE with sheet or blanket.

• Never expose the patient

RULES FOR MAKING BED

• Call for extra assistance to lift the patient.

• Turn away from the patient, when shaking bed linen and pillows.

• Conversation during bed making should include the patient, not on personal matters between nurses

TYPES OF BED MAKING

• Simple bed

• Unoccupied bed

• Simple occupied bed

• Admission bed

• Operation bed

TYPES OF BED MAKING

• Cardiac bed

• Fracture bed

• Nephrotic bed

• Divided bed

TYPES OF BED MAKING

• Changing bottom sheet from top to bottom

• Changing bottom sheet from side to side

• Amputation bed above knee

• Amputation below knee.

• Bed for drying POP

REQUIREMENTS FOR MAKING SIMPLE UNOCCUPIED BED

• Two bed linen• One counterpane• One draw sheet• One long waterproof sheet• Two chairs• One Waterproof Sheets

PROCEDURE/ TASKS

• Explain the procedure to the patient and provide privacy.

• Arrange two chairs back to back at the foot end of the bed and carefully place the well folded bed linen on it.

• Turn the mattress to prevent it from sagging

PROCEDURE/TASK

• Place the long waterproof sheet on the bed and tuck it in all rounds on the mattress.

• Place the bottom linen on the bed and miter/ envelop the four corners to secure the sheet on bed.

• Place the draw mackintosh on the bed, well covered by the draw sheet

PROCEDURE/TASK CONT.

• Place the top sheet on the bed and miter the corners.

• Place the counterpane on the bed to beautify it.

• Miter the corners as well.

• Thank the patient and remove the chairs.

• Document the procedure for continuity of care.

SIMPLE OCCUPIED BED

MAKING AN ADMISSION BED

• Collects, arranges items on trolley and sends to bedside

• Arranges items in order of use on a chair or heart table

• Places bottom sheet evenly on the bed

• Tucks the sheet evenly under the mattress at the top and bottom using enveloped corners

ADMISSION BED MAKING

• Places draw mackintosh across bed and covers with draw sheet

• Places long mackintosh on the bed

• Uses one bath blanket or sheet over and tucks in all around or folds under itself

• Places second bath blanket over the bed

ADMISSION BED MAKING

• Puts in hot water bottles if necessary

• Puts on top bed clothes

• Places counterpane loosely over the top bed clothes

• Tuck in the bed clothes on the other side

• Folds the bed clothes on the other side nearest to the door, leaving it open to facilitate quick admittance