BASIC NURSING BY EVELYN SUNNU (MRS). INTRODUCTION Nursing today is far different from what was...
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Transcript of BASIC NURSING BY EVELYN SUNNU (MRS). INTRODUCTION Nursing today is far different from what was...
BASIC NURSING
BYEVELYN SUNNU (MRS)
INTRODUCTION
• Nursing today is far different from what was practiced years ago and it is expected to continue changing during the 21st century.
• To comprehend present day nursing and to prepare for the future,
• one must understand not only past events but also the sociological and historical factors that affect it
Women’s Roles
• Traditional female roles of wife, mother, daughter, and sister have always included the care and nurturing of other family members.
• From the beginning of time, women have cared for infants and children thus, nursing could be said to have its roots in the HOME.
• Traditional nursing role has always entailed humanistic caring, nurturing, comforting and supporting.
Women’s Roles
• Throughout history, wars have accentuated the need for nurses.
• During the Crimean War in 1854-1856, the inadequacy of care given to soldiers led to a public outcry in Great Britain.
• The role Florence Nightingale played in addressing this problem is well known
DEFITION OF NURSING
• FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE defined Nursing nearly 150 years ago as the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery (1860/ 1969).
• She considered a clean, well-ventilated and quite environment essential for recovery.
• In the latter half of 20th century, a number of nurse theorist have developed their own theoretical definitions of nursing such as;
DEFINITION CONT.
• Nursing is caring
• Nursing is an act
• Nursing is a science
• Nursing is client centered
• Nursing is holistic
WHO IS A NURSE?
NURSES
HOSPITAL BED
HOSPITAL BED
• BED is equipment used by patients/ clients; therefore it has to be design for comfort and safety.
• It should be adaptable to various positions as required.
• Hospital patients spend varying amount of the day in bed, so, its comfort is of considerable importance.
HOSPITAL BED
• To ensure this, the bed should be fresh,• • free from crumbs and creases.
• The pillows should arranged to give support where necessary.
THE BEDSTEADS
• Hospital bedsteads are usually made of metals with wire springs inside.
• Its smooth outline facilitates cleaning and prevents it from collection of dust and pathogens.
• The most common size/standard length is approximately six (6) feet, six inches (1.9m) by three feet 0.9 m (width) and it is placed five feet apart.
BED STEAD
• A hospital bed should be 65cm to 70cm (26 to 28 inches) from the floor, this prevents undue musculoskeletal strain on the nurse and the client.
• It has four wheels under it for easy movement.
HOSPITAL BEDSTEAD
MATRESSES
• The typical hospital bed consists of a firm mattress on a metal frame that can be raised and lowered horizontally.
• They are made up of latex foam, air, water etc.
• They are covered with a protective waterproof material that resists soiling and can be cleaned easily.
BOLSTERS
• They are stuffed with hair and feather.
• It is a long thick round pillow that is placed across the top of a bed under the other pillows.
BLANKETS
• These are made up of synthetics or wool.
• Functions
• they are used to provide necessary warmth for the patient without too much weight on him or her
COUNTERPANES
• They are made up of bright, durable and colorful material.
• They are light in color and in weight
• They are used to decorate the bed
COTTON DRAW SHEET
• These are made up of fairly heavy cotton material.
• The standard size is two yards and one and half yards long.
• They are placed under the patient buttocks across the bed to protect the bed linen from getting soiled.
• It is also drawn to give patient a clean cool fresh piece of sheet to lie on.
CONTERPANE
WATERPROOF DRAW SHEETS/ MACKINTOSH
• These consist of rubber, plastic sheet about thirty Inches Square with a piece of material stitched to each end.
• It is tucked in and held firmly under the cotton draw sheet to protect the bed from getting soiled.
BED LINEN / BED SHEET
• These are made up of cotton
• polyesters or linen.
• They are used to cover the bed.
• also to cover the patient to provide warmth
LONG WATERPROOF SHEET
• They are made of canvas or rubber.
• It is thick and long enough to stretch over the whole mattress with excess to tuck in at the top and bottom of the bed.
• to prevent the bed linen from getting soiled.
RULES FOR MAKING HOSPITAL BED
• Collect all requirements before starting.
• Two nurses are required and they should work in harmony, avoiding jerky movements and jarring the bed.
• Never cover the patients FACE with sheet or blanket.
• Never expose the patient
RULES FOR MAKING BED
• Call for extra assistance to lift the patient.
• Turn away from the patient, when shaking bed linen and pillows.
• Conversation during bed making should include the patient, not on personal matters between nurses
TYPES OF BED MAKING
• Simple bed
• Unoccupied bed
• Simple occupied bed
• Admission bed
• Operation bed
TYPES OF BED MAKING
• Cardiac bed
• Fracture bed
• Nephrotic bed
• Divided bed
TYPES OF BED MAKING
• Changing bottom sheet from top to bottom
• Changing bottom sheet from side to side
• Amputation bed above knee
• Amputation below knee.
• Bed for drying POP
REQUIREMENTS FOR MAKING SIMPLE UNOCCUPIED BED
• Two bed linen• One counterpane• One draw sheet• One long waterproof sheet• Two chairs• One Waterproof Sheets
PROCEDURE/ TASKS
• Explain the procedure to the patient and provide privacy.
• Arrange two chairs back to back at the foot end of the bed and carefully place the well folded bed linen on it.
• Turn the mattress to prevent it from sagging
PROCEDURE/TASK
• Place the long waterproof sheet on the bed and tuck it in all rounds on the mattress.
• Place the bottom linen on the bed and miter/ envelop the four corners to secure the sheet on bed.
• Place the draw mackintosh on the bed, well covered by the draw sheet
PROCEDURE/TASK CONT.
• Place the top sheet on the bed and miter the corners.
• Place the counterpane on the bed to beautify it.
• Miter the corners as well.
• Thank the patient and remove the chairs.
• Document the procedure for continuity of care.
SIMPLE OCCUPIED BED
MAKING AN ADMISSION BED
• Collects, arranges items on trolley and sends to bedside
• Arranges items in order of use on a chair or heart table
• Places bottom sheet evenly on the bed
• Tucks the sheet evenly under the mattress at the top and bottom using enveloped corners
ADMISSION BED MAKING
• Places draw mackintosh across bed and covers with draw sheet
• Places long mackintosh on the bed
• Uses one bath blanket or sheet over and tucks in all around or folds under itself
• Places second bath blanket over the bed
ADMISSION BED MAKING
• Puts in hot water bottles if necessary
• Puts on top bed clothes
• Places counterpane loosely over the top bed clothes
• Tuck in the bed clothes on the other side
• Folds the bed clothes on the other side nearest to the door, leaving it open to facilitate quick admittance