Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be...

Basic Chemistry

The study of matter

Elements

Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom

Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means

96% of most organisms made of: C, H, N, O

Periodic Table

Smallest part of an element that retains the element’s properties

Isotopes

Atoms with same # protons, different # neutrons

React the same way as “normal” atoms

Uses of Isotopes

All isotopes have same chemical characteristics

C-14 can be used in dating fossilsRadioisotopes can be used to trace

biochemical pathwaysDNA sequencingMedically – diagnostics and treatment

Radioactive Decay

Electron Energy Levels

Electrons move around the nucleus of an atom in orbitals

The further away from the nucleus an electron is, the more energy it has

Valence electrons are the most energetic electrons

Compounds and Molecules

Chemical compounds – atoms of 2 or more elements combined in fixed ratio

Molecules – 2 or more atoms joined covalently

Formulas

Molecular Formula – type & # of atoms

C6H12O6

Structural Formula – type, #, and arrangement of atoms

Chemical Equations

Describe chemical reactions:Reactant Products

Some reactions are reversible

Dynamic Equilibrium

Chemical Bonds

Ionic Bonds

Covalent Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/media/ch02/bond_types.html

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction reactionsTransfer of electrons from one

substance to anotherOxidation – process of losing electronsReduction – process of gaining electronOxidation and reduction always occur

together

Redox Reactions

Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be...

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Transcript of Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be...

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