Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be...

15
Basic Chemistry The study of matter

Transcript of Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be...

Page 1: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Basic Chemistry

The study of matter

Page 2: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Elements

Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom

Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means

96% of most organisms made of: C, H, N, O

Page 3: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Periodic Table

Page 4: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

ATOMS

Smallest part of an element that retains the element’s properties

Page 5: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Isotopes

Atoms with same # protons, different # neutrons

React the same way as “normal” atoms

Page 6: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Uses of Isotopes

All isotopes have same chemical characteristics

C-14 can be used in dating fossilsRadioisotopes can be used to trace

biochemical pathwaysDNA sequencingMedically – diagnostics and treatment

Page 7: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Radioactive Decay

Page 8: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Radioactive Decay

Page 9: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Electron Energy Levels

Electrons move around the nucleus of an atom in orbitals

The further away from the nucleus an electron is, the more energy it has

Valence electrons are the most energetic electrons

Page 10: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Compounds and Molecules

Chemical compounds – atoms of 2 or more elements combined in fixed ratio

Molecules – 2 or more atoms joined covalently

Page 11: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Formulas

Molecular Formula – type & # of atoms

C6H12O6

Structural Formula – type, #, and arrangement of atoms

Page 12: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Chemical Equations

Describe chemical reactions:Reactant Products

Some reactions are reversible

Dynamic Equilibrium

Page 13: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Chemical Bonds

Ionic Bonds

Covalent Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/media/ch02/bond_types.html

Page 14: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction reactionsTransfer of electrons from one

substance to anotherOxidation – process of losing electronsReduction – process of gaining electronOxidation and reduction always occur

together

Page 15: Basic Chemistry The study of matter. Elements Simple substances composed of 1 type of atom Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means 96% of most.

Redox Reactions


Biochemistry. Chemical Bonds An Atom is the smallest unit of matter that CANNOT be broken down by CHEMICAL…

Biochemistry. Chemical Bonds An Atom is the smallest unit of matter that CANNOT be broken down by CHEMICAL…

STANDARD 3a Students know the structure of the atom and know it is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

STANDARD 3a Students know the structure of the atom and know it is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Chemistry of Life. Key Elements Element: composed of only one kind of atom; cannot be broken down to a simpler structure. Six elements make up 99% of.

Chemistry of Life. Key Elements Element: composed of only one kind of atom; cannot be broken down to a simpler structure. Six elements make up 99% of.

Chapter 4 – The Atom Evolution of the Atomic Model Democritus (400 bc) First to conceptualize the atom. He thought that matter was composed of tiny particles.

Chapter 4 – The Atom Evolution of the Atomic Model Democritus (400 bc) First to conceptualize the atom. He thought that matter was composed of tiny particles.

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Early Models of the Atom Dalton’s Atomic Theory - All elements are composed of atoms - All elements are composed.

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Early Models of the Atom Dalton’s Atomic Theory - All elements are composed of atoms - All elements are composed.

Basic Chemistry An introduction. Vocabulary elements- single substances that can not be broken down into simpler substances atom- smallest particle of.

Basic Chemistry An introduction. Vocabulary elements- single substances that can not be broken down into simpler substances atom- smallest particle of.

Particles and Waves. Early Atom Models Democritus (2500 years ago)—tiny indivisible particles, atmos Dalton (1803) Each element composed of extremely.

Particles and Waves. Early Atom Models Democritus (2500 years ago)—tiny indivisible particles, atmos Dalton (1803) Each element composed of extremely.

The History of the Atom…. went against, Aristotle, who believed that matter was composed of four qualities: earth, fire, air and water all matter is composed.

The History of the Atom…. went against, Aristotle, who believed that matter was composed of four qualities: earth, fire, air and water all matter is composed.

Introduction to Structure of Atom...The atomic nucleus in the structure of the atom is composed of a fixed number of protons and the proton attracts the same number of electrons thereby

Introduction to Structure of Atom...The atomic nucleus in the structure of the atom is composed of a fixed number of protons and the proton attracts the same number of electrons thereby

The Structure of the Atom The atom is composed of a negative, positive and neutral charge Na Nucleus Electrons They are very, very tiny so the atom is.

The Structure of the Atom The atom is composed of a negative, positive and neutral charge Na Nucleus Electrons They are very, very tiny so the atom is.

Section 2.1 1.Atom: the smallest unit of matter. Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. 2. Element: One type of atom. It CAN NOT be broken.

Section 2.1 1.Atom: the smallest unit of matter. Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. 2. Element: One type of atom. It CAN NOT be broken.

The Structure of Atoms...Atomic Structure • Atoms are composed of 2 regions: –Nucleus: the center of the atom that contains the mass of the atom –Electron cloud: region that

The Structure of Atoms...Atomic Structure • Atoms are composed of 2 regions: –Nucleus: the center of the atom that contains the mass of the atom –Electron cloud: region that

Atom: small particles that make up all matter. They have mass and give substances unique properties. Element: A substance composed of a single atom or.

Atom: small particles that make up all matter. They have mass and give substances unique properties. Element: A substance composed of a single atom or.

Cell Processes and Energy. Elements and Compounds o Elements any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances ATOM an ATOM is the.

Cell Processes and Energy. Elements and Compounds o Elements any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances ATOM an ATOM is the.

Chpt. 2: The Atom History of the Atom 1.Greek Philosophers (400BC): - first proposed that matter was composed of minute particles - believed that the.

Chpt. 2: The Atom History of the Atom 1.Greek Philosophers (400BC): - first proposed that matter was composed of minute particles - believed that the.

I. Water A. The water molecule is composed of 2 Hydrogen atoms & 1 oxygen atom 1. Due to the electronic structure the oxygen atom is slightly negative.

I. Water A. The water molecule is composed of 2 Hydrogen atoms & 1 oxygen atom 1. Due to the electronic structure the oxygen atom is slightly negative.

History of the Atom - Oak Park Independent...September 30, 2014 History of the Atom • We know today that all matter is composed of atoms.• Atoms: basic unit of matter. Atoms are

History of the Atom - Oak Park Independent...September 30, 2014 History of the Atom • We know today that all matter is composed of atoms.• Atoms: basic unit of matter. Atoms are

4.2 THE STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM. Atomic Structure Atoms are composed of 2 regions: Nucleus: center of atom that contains mass of atom Electron cloud: region.

4.2 THE STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM. Atomic Structure Atoms are composed of 2 regions: Nucleus: center of atom that contains mass of atom Electron cloud: region.

The Atom: History Recap Democritus: The indivisible atom Matter is composed of empty space through which the atoms move The differing properties of matter.

The Atom: History Recap Democritus: The indivisible atom Matter is composed of empty space through which the atoms move The differing properties of matter.

The History of the Atom……. Democritus was the first to theorize that all matter was composed of atoms! The name atom comes from his Greek word, “atomos”,

The History of the Atom……. Democritus was the first to theorize that all matter was composed of atoms! The name atom comes from his Greek word, “atomos”,