Week 27 Week 27

The Human Genome The Human Genome Ch. 13.3 pg 349Ch. 13.3 pg 349

Our chromosomes are 99% the same!

No matter the race

No matter the gender

Human Genome ProHuman Genome Project (HGP)ject (HGP) The effort to map and The effort to map and

sequence the sequence the 20,000 20,000 – 25,000 genes– 25,000 genes on on the 46 human the 46 human chromosomeschromosomes

This is a karyotype

Each chromosome has had every gene mapped!

Here’s the gene map for chromosome 3….

linkage maplinkage mapGenetic map that Genetic map that

shows the relative shows the relative locations of genes locations of genes on a chromosomeon a chromosome

Before the Human Before the Human Genome Project, Genome Project, we used pedigrees we used pedigrees to figure out where to figure out where genes were genes were located.located.

Genetic markerGenetic marker

A sequence of A sequence of DNA with DNA with known location known location on a on a chromosome chromosome

Traits inherited Traits inherited together most together most often are often are closest closest together on a together on a chromosomechromosome

Crossing over happens during interphase

gene gene therapytherapy The insertion of The insertion of

normal genes normal genes into human cells into human cells to correct genetic to correct genetic disordersdisorders

DNA fingerprintingDNA fingerprinting

Process using non-coding sections of Process using non-coding sections of DNA to identify personsDNA to identify persons

Which came from the same person?

Vaccine / Vaccine / vaccinationvaccination

Method to Method to strengthen a strengthen a person’s immune person’s immune system against system against diseasedisease

And now da quizAnd now da quiz

The insertion of The insertion of normal genes normal genes into human cells into human cells to correct genetic to correct genetic disordersdisorders

The means by which The means by which DNA can be DNA can be transferred into the transferred into the desired organism, desired organism, including viruses including viruses and plasmidsand plasmids

Organisms that Organisms that have have recombinant DNA recombinant DNA from a different from a different genus, or even genus, or even different kingdomdifferent kingdom by means of genetic by means of genetic engineering engineering

One type of GMOOne type of GMOGloFish: the first genetically modified animal to be sold as a pet

Bacterial Bacterial proteins that proteins that have the have the ability ability to cut both to cut both strands of a strands of a DNA moleculeDNA molecule at at a specific a specific nucleotide nucleotide sequencesequence

A cross of an individual of A cross of an individual of unknown genotypeunknown genotype with with an individual of an individual of knownknown (usually (usually homozygous homozygous recessiverecessive) genotype for the trait in question) genotype for the trait in question

Genetic map that Genetic map that shows the relative shows the relative locations of genes locations of genes on a chromosomeon a chromosome

Before the Human Before the Human Genome Project, Genome Project, we used pedigrees we used pedigrees to figure out where to figure out where genes were genes were located.located.

A sequence of A sequence of DNA with DNA with known location known location on a on a chromosome chromosome

Traits inherited Traits inherited together most together most often are often are closest closest together on a together on a chromosomechromosome

Crossing over happens during interphase

A, T, G, C – rungs of the A, T, G, C – rungs of the DNA double helixDNA double helix

Three code for an Three code for an amino acidamino acid

40 or more amino acids 40 or more amino acids are called a proteinare called a protein

It’s the order of these It’s the order of these that control traitsthat control traits

A small ring A small ring of DNA found of DNA found in a bacterial in a bacterial cell, has cell, has different different genes from genes from the the chromosomal chromosomal DNA DNA

Genetically Genetically identical copiesidentical copies

Snuppy (right), the first successfully cloned dog, is shown at 67 days after birth with Tai, the three-year-old Afghan hound whose skin cells were used to clone him. South Korean scientists at Seoul National University performed the cloning procedure, and Snuppy was born on April 24, 2005

Process that separates DNA fragments Process that separates DNA fragments of different sizesof different sizes

Click here to see!!!!

Selecting and mating organisms with desired traits of the Selecting and mating organisms with desired traits of the SAME SPECIESSAME SPECIES to produce offspring that also possess desired traitsto produce offspring that also possess desired traits

high crop yields, resistance to disease, high growth rate, high crop yields, resistance to disease, high growth rate, featherless chickens featherless chickens

used by Darwin as a springboard to introduce the theory of used by Darwin as a springboard to introduce the theory of natural selectionnatural selection, and to support it. , and to support it.

The term is synonymous with "Artificial selection"

Mating individuals of the Mating individuals of the SAME SAME SPECIESSPECIES that are that are closely relatedclosely related, , resulting in offspring that are resulting in offspring that are homozygoushomozygous for most traits for most traits

Results in more recessive traits being expressed

aa AA

An organism whose parents have An organism whose parents have different forms of a trait, different forms of a trait, heterozygous, carrierheterozygous, carrier

cutting DNA from one cutting DNA from one organism and inserting organism and inserting it into another it into another organism of the organism of the same same or differentor different speciesspecies, ,

creates acreates a genetically modified genetically modified organism (GMO)organism (GMO)

DNA made by DNA made by connecting or connecting or recombiningrecombining fragments of fragments of DNADNA from different from different organismsorganisms

Process using non-coding sections of Process using non-coding sections of DNA to identify personsDNA to identify persons

Which came from the same person?

The effort to map and The effort to map and sequence the sequence the 20,000 20,000 – 25,000 genes– 25,000 genes on on the 46 human the 46 human chromosomeschromosomes

This is a karyotype

Each chromosome has had every gene mapped!

Here’s the gene map for chromosome 3….

Method to Method to strengthen a strengthen a person’s immune person’s immune system against system against diseasedisease