Axial Skeleton

Ch. 7

Two types of bone markings

• Depressions – cavities that indent the bone• Projections – processes that grow out of

the bone

• Add - fontanelles

Fontanelles

• Dense connective tissue filled space between skull bones at birth

Fissure

• Narrow, slit-like opening between adjacent parts of a bone, through which vessels and nerves pass

Foramen

• An opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass

Fossa

• Depression in or on a bone

Groove or sulcus

• Furrow or depression that accommodates a soft structure such as a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon

Condyle

• Large, rounded articular prominence

Facet

• A smooth, flat surface

Head

• Rounded articular projection supported on the neck of a bone

Tuberosity

• Large, rounded, usually roughened process

Trochanter

• Large projection found only on the femur

Skull

• 22 bones• Cranial (8)– Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid,

ethmoid• Facial (14)– Nasal, maxillae, zygomatic, mandible, lacrimal,

palatine, inferior nasal conchae, vomer

Skull

Sutures

• Immovable joint found between skull bones• Begin to ossify between age 20-30• Sutures– Coronal – between frontal bone and 2 parietal bones– Sagittal – between two parietal bones– Lambdoid – between parietal bones and occipital

bone– Squamous – between parietal bones and temporal

bones

Sutures

Vertebral Column

• 26 vertebrae• Numbered by region– C-1, T-5, L-3, etc.

• 5 regions– Cervical (neck) – 7– Thoracic (chest) – 12– Lumbar (lower back) – 5– Sacrum – 5 fused– Coccyx – 4 fused

Vertebral Column

• Spinal curvatures – one for each region

Vertebrae

• C-1 – atlas; C-2 – axis

Rib Cage

• 1-7 are true ribs – attached to sternum• 8-12 are false ribs – no attached to sternum• 11-12 are floating ribs – not attached to

anything• Intercostal space – space between ribs

Rib Cage and Sternum

• Clavicle• Xyphoid

process• Sternum