Aula #23

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Precipitation Reactions

Solubility Equilibria

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Equilibria

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Equilibria

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Precipitation Reactions

Solubility Equilibria

Initial EquilibriumDisssolution

Dynamic

BaSO4 (s) Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

Ksp = [Ba2+][SO42-]

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Precipitation Reactions

Solubility Equilibria

BaSO4 (s) Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

Ksp = [Ba2+][SO42-]

AgCl (s) Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) Ksp = [Ag+][Cl-]

Ksp is the solubility product constant

MgF2 (s) Mg2+ (aq) + 2F- (aq) Ksp = [Mg2+][F-]2

Ag2CO3(s) 2Ag+ (aq) + CO32- (aq) Ksp = [Ag+]2[CO3

2-]

Ca3(PO4)2(s) 3Ca2+ (aq) + 2PO43- (aq) Ksp = [Ca2+]3[PO4

3-]2

Dissolution of an ionic solid in aqueous solution:

Q = Ksp Saturated solution

Q < Ksp Unsaturated solution No precipitate

Q > Ksp Supersaturated solution Precipitate will form

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Equilibria

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Equilibria

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Equilibria

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Equilibria

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Equilibria

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Equilibria

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Equilibria

BaSO4 (s) Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

Ksp = [Ba2+][SO42-]

BaSO4(s)

= (1.05·10-5)/2

SO42-(aq)

Na+(aq) + SO42-(aq)

C = 0.100 mol.dm-3

Solução A Solução B

50.0 cm3 Solução A+

50.0 cm3 Solução B

Estimar a massa de precipitado de

BaSO4(s) MW=233.4 g/mol

Ba2+ (aq)

[Ba2+(aq) ] = (1.05·10-5) 50/100

(1.05·10-5)/2 - X (0.100)/2 - X

Ksp = [(1.05·10-5)/2 - X] [(0.100)/2 - X]

Ksp ≈ [(1.05·10-5)/2 - X] [(0.100)/2]

X ≈ (1.05·10-5)/2 - Ksp / [(0.100)/2]

X ≈ 0.502(5) ·10-5 mol.dm-3m[BaSO4(s)] ≈ MW x 0.100 (dm3) x 0.502(5)·10-5 mol.dm-3

m[BaSO4(s)] ≈ 1.17·10-3 g = 1.17 mg

Solução saturada Ba2+

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Equilibria

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Equilibria

Solubility Equilibrium CMap

Reactions in Aqueous Solution Solubility Equilibria

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Precipitation Reactions

Solubility Equilibria

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Precipitation Reactions

Solubility Equilibria

multi-orifice-impinging transverse (MOIT) jet reactor

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Equilibria

Predicted equilibrium solubility product of Mg-calcite.

Dashed lines correspond to different reference states for the

aqueous ion formation energies

Morphology-averaged surface energies for hydrated Mg-

calcite and aragonite as a function of Mg 2+ uptake in calcite.

Colors correspond to facet-specific surface energies. Aragonite does not incorporate Mg 2+ .

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Equilibria

The standard qualitative analysis separation scheme. Steps in a Typical Qualitative Analysis Scheme for a Solution That Contains Several Metal Ions