Atomic Structure. History 400 B.C. – Democritus proposed all matter was made up of small...

Atomic Structure

History

400 B.C. – Democritus proposed all matter was made up of small particles called atoms

Atomic numbers were assigned to elements by Henry Moseley

1913- Niels Bohr described the planetary model of the atom

Planetary model

The Shell Model

The more accurate model puts a cloud around the nucleus and electrons move about in shells

Each shell can hold so many electrons Little energy in the most inner shell so only 2

electrons can be found there. The farther you get from the nucleus, the more

electrons a shell can hold

The atoms makeup

This shell model of a hydrogen atom or lead atom is made up of the same general parts.

A nucleus made up of protons (1 in Hydrogen and 82 in Lead) and neutrons (usually the same amount as the protons)

Floating around the nucleus are electrons

Mass of Subatomic Particles

Particle Charge Mass compared Actual Mass

to electron

Electron Negative 1 9.11x10-31

Proton Positive 1836 1.673x10-27

Neutron Neutral 1841 1.675x10-27

Charges

The three subatomic particles as they are called have different charges

Protons- (+) Neutrons- no charge Electrons- (-)

Atomic Mass

The mass of an atom is equal to the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus

If an atom of carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, its mass is 12

Atomic Number

The atomic number found above the chemical symbol is equal to the number of protons the atom has

An atom with 19 protons has to be potassium (K)

Chemical Names

Why is Co different from CO? Co is Cobalt CO is carbon monoxide Be sure to use upper and lower case properly

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes

Hydrogen can have 0, 1, or 2 neutrons in it’s nucleus

Misc. Facts Hydrogen is the most abundant element. It makes

up almost 90% of all atoms. As well it was the 1st element to exist

Fused hydrogen atoms formed inside stars and this created the other elements

Most atoms formed when the universe began and are constantly being recycled

Atoms that make up ‘you’ are billions of years old

Names w/ 1 letter that begins name

Names w/ 2 letters and both letters are start of name

Names w/ 2 letters and 1st letter starts and second is

heard later in name

Symbol has nothing to do with name

Carbon Neon Magnesium Sodium

Chapter Review (class work)

Try to complete #5, 6, and 7.

Protons have a positive charge

A. True

B. False

C-12 is a radioactive isotope used in carbon dating fossils

A. True

B. False

The charge of a neutron is

A. negative

B. No charge

The number of electrons that can fit in the 1st shell is

The electron has more mass than the proton and neutron

A. Yes

The atomic number of carbon is

A. 12.01115

The element symbol of helium is

D. Helium

The mass number of C-14 is 14

A. True

B. False

Play-doh Lab Partner up Create a 3 dimensional model of an atom using play-doh

and beads. It must be the shell model Your atom must have an atomic number between 6 and

12. On a separate sheet draw your atom and label the

following: Protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus, electron cloud, any and all shells

Write down the name, atomic number, atomic mass, and symbol

Atomic Structure. History 400 B.C. – Democritus proposed all matter was made up of small...

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