Post on 10-Jan-2016
Appendix A: Thermodynamic Tables
Table A.1 Reaction rate coefficients
Reaction r k0 Eact; J=kmol
H2 12 O2 ! H2O kH2O2 9:87 108 3:1 107CO 12 O2 ! CO2 kCOO20:25H2O0:5 2:239 1012 1:7 108CO 12 O2 CO2 kCO2 5 108 1:7 108C2H2 52 O2 ! 2CO2 H2O kC2H20:5O21:25 3:655 1010 1:256 108C6H6 152 O2 ! 6CO2 3H2O kC6H60:1O21:85 1:125 109 1:256 108C10H22 312 O2 ! 10CO2 11H2O kC10H220:25O21:5 2:587 109 1:256 108C2H6 72 O2 ! 2CO2 3H2O kC2H60:1O21:65 6:186 109 1:256 108C2H4 3O2 ! 2CO2 2H2O kC2H40:1O21:65 1:125 1010 1:256 108C2H5OH 3O2 ! 2CO2 3H2O kC2H5OH0:15O21:6 8:435 108 1:256 109C19H30 532 O2 ! 19CO2 15H2O kC19H300:25O21:5 2:587 109 1:256 108C16H29 934 O2 ! 16CO2 292 H2O kC16H290:25O21:5 2:587 109 1:256 108C12H23 714 O2 ! 12CO2 232 H2O kC12H230:25O21:5 2:587 109 1:256 108CH4 2O2 ! CO2 2H2O kCH40:2O21:3 2:119 1011 2:027 108CH4 32 O2 ! CO 2H2O kCH40:7O20:8 5:012 1011 2 108CH3OH 32 O2 ! CO2 2H2O kCH3OH0:25O21:5 1:799 1010 1:256 108C4H10 132 O2 ! 4CO2 5H2O kC4H100:15O21:6 4:161 109 1:256 108C7H16 11O2 ! 7CO2 8H2O kC7H160:25O21:5 2:868 109 1:256 108C6H14 192 O2 ! 6CO2 7H2O kC6H140:25O21:5 3:205 109 1:256 108C8H18 252 O2 ! 8CO2 9H2O kC8H180:25O21:5 2:587 109 1:256 108C5H12 8O2 ! 5CO2 6H2O kC5H120:25O21:5 3:599 109 1:256 108C3H8 5O2 ! 3CO2 4H2O kC3H80:1O21:65 4:836 109 1:256 108C3H8 72 O2 ! 3CO2 4H2O kC3H80:1O21:65 5:62 109 1:256 108C3H6 92 O2 ! 3CO2 3H2O kC3H60:1O21:85 2:362 109 1:256 108C7H8 9O2 ! 7CO2 4H2O kC7H80:1O21:85 2:362 109 1:256 108
201
Table A.2 Chemical equilibrium constant coefficients
Reaction K A eE0RT A E0(kJ/mol)
H2 12 O2 ! H2O pH2O p1=2refpH2 p
1=2O2
1.44103 246
CO 12 O2 ! CO2 pCO2 p1=2refpCO p1=2O2
3.13105 282
C2H2 52 O2 ! 2CO2 H2O p2CO2 pH2O p1=2refpC2H2 p
5=2O2
2.99106 1,260
C6H6 152 O2 ! 6CO2 3H2O p6CO2 p3H2OpC6H6 p
15=2O2p1=2ref
5.06103 3,140
C10H22 312 O2 ! 10CO2 11H2O p10CO2 p11H2OpC10H22 p
31=2O2p9=2ref
7.861036 6,300
C2H6 72 O2 ! 2CO2 3H2O p2CO2 p3H2OpC2H6 p
7=2O2p1=2ref
2.79104 1,390
C2H4 3O2 ! 2CO2 2H2O p2CO2 p2H2OpC2H4 p3O2
0.289 1,300
C2H5OH 3O2 ! 2CO2 3H2O p2CO2 p3H2OpC2H5OH p3O2 pref
1.97106 1,260
CH4 2O2 ! CO2 2H2O pCO2 p2H2OpCH4 p2O2
0.912 801
CH4 32 O2 ! CO 2H2O pCO p2H2OpCH4 p
3=2O2p1=2ref
2.77104 519
CH3OH 32 O2 ! CO2 2H2O pCO2 p2H2OpCH3OH p
3=2O2p1=2ref
2760 661
C4H10 132 O2 ! 4CO2 5H2O p4CO2 p5H2OpC4H10 p
15=2O2p3=2ref
5.87109 2,630
C7H16 11O2 ! 7CO2 8H2O p7CO2 p8H2OpC7H16 p11O2 p
3ref
1.771019 4,460
C6H14 192 O2 ! 6CO2 7H2O p6CO2 p7H2OpC6H14 p
19=2O2p5=2ref
9.121016 3,840
C8H18 252 O2 ! 8CO2 9H2O p8CO2 p9H2OpC8H18 p
25=2O2p7=2ref
4.771024 5,040
C5H12 8O2 ! 5CO2 6H2O p5CO2 p6H2OpC5H12 p8O2 p
2ref
5.121012 3,240
C3H8 5O2 ! 3CO2 4H2O p3CO2 p4H2OpC8H8 p5O2 pref
7.2106 2,020
C3H8 72 O2 ! 3CO2 4H2O p3CO2 p4H2OpC3H8 p
7=2O2p5=2ref
2.78104 1410
C3H6 92 O2 ! 3CO2 3H2O p3CO2 p3H2OpC6H6 p
9=2O2p1=2ref
133 1,910
C7H8 9O2 ! 7CO2 4H2O p7CO2 p4H2OpC7H8 p9O2 pref
3.23105 3,750
202 Appendix A: Thermodynamic Tables
Appendix B: Electrochemical Impedance SpectroscopyExperimental Data
Fig. B.1 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable fuel utilization (pure H2 fuel)
Fig. B.2 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable fuel utilization (pure H2 fuel)
203
Fig. B.3 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable fuel utilization (pure H2 fuel)
Fig. B.4 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable fuel utilization (pure H2 fuel)
Fig. B.5 Impedance spectra with fuel utilization and variable temperature (pure H2 fuel)
204 Appendix B: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Experimental Data
Fig. B.6 Impedance spectra with fuel utilization and variable temperature (pure H2 fuel)
Fig. B.7 Impedance spectra with fuel utilization and variable temperature (pure H2 fuel)
Fig. B.8 Impedance spectra with fuel utilization and variable temperature (pure H2 fuel)
Appendix B: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Experimental Data 205
Fig. B.9 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable diluents concentration (H2 fuel)
Fig. B.10 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable diluents concentration (H2 fuel)
Fig. B.11 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable diluents concentration (H2 fuel)
206 Appendix B: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Experimental Data
Fig. B.12 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable diluents concentration (H2 fuel)
Fig. B.13 Impedance spectra with N2-diluted fuel and variable temperature
Fig. B.14 Impedance spectra with N2-diluted fuel and variable temperature
Appendix B: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Experimental Data 207
Fig. B.15 Impedance spectra with N2-diluted fuel and variable temperature
Fig. B.16 Impedance spectra with N2-diluted fuel and variable temperature
Fig. B.17 Impedance spectra with He-diluted fuel and constant temperature
208 Appendix B: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Experimental Data
Fig. B.18 Diluents effect on cell electrochemical performance: comparison between N2/H2 andHe/H2 fuel mixtures
Fig. B.19 Diluents effect on cell electrochemical performance: comparison between N2/H2 andHe/H2 fuel mixtures
Fig. B.20 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable oxidant utilization (pure H2 fuel)
Appendix B: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Experimental Data 209
Fig. B.21 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable oxidant utilization (pure H2 fuel)
Fig. B.22 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable oxidant utilization (pure H2 fuel)
Fig. B.23 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable oxidant utilization (pure H2 fuel)
210 Appendix B: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Experimental Data
Fig. B.24 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable oxidant utilization (pure H2 fuel)
Fig. B.25 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable oxidant utilization (pure H2 fuel)
Fig. B.26 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable oxidant utilization (pure H2 fuel)
Appendix B: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Experimental Data 211
Fig. B.27 Impedance spectra with temperature and variable oxidant utilization (pure H2 fuel)
212 Appendix B: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Experimental Data
Table C.1 The values of theweights for the ANN basedmodel of SOFC
Layernumber
Neuronnumberof k layer
Neuron number ofk - 1 layer if k = 1,j indicates input
value j = 0 indicatesa bias
Weight
k i j w
1 1 0 0.824091 1 1 -1.81591 1 2 -0.00312771 1 3 0.0345361 1 4 0.0296321 2 0 -1.21551 2 1 -1.90061 2 2 0.00277591 2 3 0.211061 2 4 0.0103531 3 0 -1.35841 3 1 -0.434811 3 2 0.00379891 3 3 -0.0293621 3 4 0.00857412 1 0 -0.18172 1 1 1.66212 1 2 1.4472 1 3 1.3673
Appendix C: Weight Values for ANN Models
213
Index
AActivation
energy, 33losses, 93
Area specific internal electronicresistance, 102
Area specific internal ionicresistance, 102
Arrheniusequation, 33
Artificial immunenetwork, 14
Artificial neuralnetwork, 61, 126
BBaur, 6Bayesion
regularization, 118Bruner, 4Butler-Volmer
equation, 98
CChiller
absorption, 175Constant
chemical equlibrium, 26, 28Cost
installation, 13maintain, 13
Current densitymaximum, 103
Current-voltagecurve, 70, 95
DDavid Henry, 3Diffusion, 38
binary coefficient, 41Knudsen, 38molecular, 38
Dusty model, 39
EElectrolyte
material, 10type, 10
Energyinternal, 21
Epochstraining, 119
FFermi
golden rule, 34Fick
Adolf, 39laws, 39
first, 39second, 39
Fuelbio-fuel, 184
gasification, 191synthetic, 65
Fuel utilizationfactor, 70
Fuzzy logicmethod, 56
Fuzzy neuralnetwork, 57
215
GGeneration
centralized, 14distributed, 14triple, 172
Grove Wiliam, 3
HHaber, 4Heat
absorption, 20formation, 22generation, 20
Hesslaw, 21
Hessianmatrix, 55
IImmune
response, 61Isothermal
conditions, 20
JJacques
William, 3
KKirchhoff
equations, 22, 23Kohonen
network, 58
LLanger , 2
Charles, 1, 2Le Chatelier-Braun
principle, 28Levenberg-Marquardt
algorithm, 118method, 55
Lymphocyte, 61
MModel
black-box, 114hybrid-artificial neural network, 119
MondLudwig, 1, 2
NNernst
equation, 93lamp, 6mass, 7Wiliam, 4
Networkweights, 118
Neuron, 113Newton
method, 55
OOff-desing
operation, 107Office building, 15Ostwald, 3Overfitting, 118
PPower
grid, 14Preis, 6
RRayleigh, 2Reaction
chemical, 19work, 19
degree, 34endothermic, 19exothermic, 19half-life, 32heat, 20, 21
isobaric-isothermal, 21isochoric-
isothermal, 21heterogeneous, 26homogeneous, 26isotherm, 27order, 32rate
constant, 32speed, 32work
maximum, 23Ruka, 9
216 Index
SSingular cell, 97Standard
enthalpy, 21State
standard, 21Steady state, 30
conditions, 31Stefan-Maxwell
diffusion, 40equation, 38
Systemheterogeneous, 26homogeneous, 26
TTafel
equation, 98Takagi-Sugeno
inference, 57Thompson, 3
Vvant Hoff, 23
chamber, 23isotherm, 27
Voltagemaximum, 103
WWeissbart, 9Westinghouse Electric
Corporation, 9
Index 217
Appendix A: Thermodynamic TablesAppendix B: Electrochemical Impedance SpectroscopyExperimental DataAppendix C: Weight Values for ANN ModelsIndex
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