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CURRENT STATUS OF Bangladesh in RADIATION PROTECTION
COUNTRY PRESENTATION: BANGLADESH
IAEA/ RCA REVIEW MEETING OF NATIONAL FOCAL POINTS ON RADIATION
PROTECTION7-11 JUNE 2004, BEIJING, CHINA
Dr. C. S. KarimBangladesh Atomic Energy
Commission
Radiation practices of different types are increasing gradually. Now these are applied in a number of areas and have relevance to national
development Consequences of lack of control
May become counter productive??Radiation Control is thus
indispensable
Introduction
Fields of application/ End-user sectors Healthcare Industry Construction Water resources Isotope production Food preservation Oil and gas exploration, etc.
Introduction (contd.)
The Law on Nuclear Safety and Radiation Control Act 1993 BAEC identified as the Competent Authority. BAEC formulated Rules of 1997 Redeeming Features:
Rules consistent with the Basic Safety Standard Empowerment of regulator to frame rules
and regulations Provisions non-discriminatroy: Regulation of BAEC Activities same footing
Legal and Administrative Instruments
Amended law on the creation of an independent regulatory Board
Comments on the draft from the Legal Division of IAEA incorporated Penalty Clause to be revised Draft awaits cabinet approval before enactment by the Parliament
Legal and Administrative Instruments(contd.)
Funding
Fund for regulatory activities are provided from following sources Government Fund License and permit fee Registration Fees from trainees Technical Assistance from IAEA Occasional Financial Assistance (WHO..) for specific activities
GOVERNMENT INPUTS SUBSTANTIAL A project on strengthening taken up
Coordination and Cooperation
Coordination and cooperation with the concerned Ministries and agencies effective and focused MOHFW: National Committee on radiation control Professional associations:
Society of Radiology and imaging Society of Nuclear Medicine Medical Physicist’s Association Society of Radiation Oncologist Association of X-ray Owners Bangaladesh Cancer Society NDT Society, etc.
International agencies (IAEA, WHO..)
Activities of Regulatory Authority
Salient features
Notification and EmpowermentNotification: Electronic and printed media
Professional associations Concerned Ministries MOSICT letter to district administration Nation-wide survey made possible through effective notification measures Empowerment adequate ( NSRC Law)
Activities of Regulatory Authority
Salient features
Authorization NSRC Law: Defines system Application forms prescribed (8 practices) Information collected from survey and site visit
by Inspectors Evaluation done on the basis of set criteria Conditional licenses are sometimes issued. Final license on the basis of revisit and compliance of conditions
Practices Number Licences Issued
Diagnostic radiology 2392 1350 (52%)
Radiotherapy 9 8 (90%)
Nuclear medicine 17 17 (100%)
Industrial radiography 10 9 (90%)
Industrial irradiator 3 3 (100%)
Nuclear gauges and well logging 18 18 (100%)
Research reactor and neutron generator 5 4 (80%)
Radioisotope production 1 1(100%)
Waste storage (under construction) 1 0
Beach sand processing 1 0
Total 2457 1420 (60%)
Inventory of radioactive source by practice as of May, 2004
024
68
101214
161820
Radiotherapy Nuclear
medicine
Industrial
radiography
Industrial
irradiator
Nuclear
gauges and
well logging
Research
reactor and
neutron
generator
Radioisotope
production
Waste
storage
(under
construction)
Beach sand
processing
Practices
Num
ber o
f Pra
ctic
es a
nd L
icen
ses
Issu
ed
Number
License Issued
Activities of Regulatory Authority Licensing
Status of licensing of radiation facilities: May 2004
Activities of Regulatory Authority:Salient features
Elements of verification of compliance are:inspectionRadiological safety assessmentnotification of incidents and accidentsReports on licensing Systematic assessment of licensees
Experience Contd.
COMPLIANCE MONITORING Inspection Inspectors carry out the tasks to assess responsiveness of activities to the related requirements as stipulated in the legal instruments. Types of inspection
Announced, UnannouncedExit meeting : Deficiencies discussed and advicesFollow up: Letter confirming findings
Regulatory Activities
Authorization: Purpose: Compliance with regulatory
requirements Authorization system delineated in NSRC Rules of 1997. prescribed application forms for licenses in 8 different categories developed Evaluation is conducted on the basis of : (a)Information provided by the applicant (b)Information gathered during facility visits
Activities of Regulatory Authority:Salient features
Enforcement NSRC Law: Defines system Monitor and provide suggestions on non-compliance and removal of deficiencies through inspection Inspection plan and Feed back
Classified facilities according to risk of each class of activityDetermined frequency of inspection for each group
Frequency of Inspection by type of Practice
Practice Type Risk Frequency (mo)
Ind. Radiography
Stationary Medium 24
Ind. Radiography
Movable High 12
Medical Teletherapy High 12
Brachatherapy High 12
Diagnostic X-Ray Low 36
Nuclear Medicine
Therapy High 12
Diagnosis Medium 24
Ind. Practices Irradiators High 12
Level gauges Medium 24
Research X-Ray Fluoresence Low 24
Activation,Calibration
Medium 24
Analytical work Low 48
Activities of Regulatory Authority:Salient features
Verification of compliance NSRC Law: Defines system
Important elements:In-Situ inspection Radiological safety assessment Notification of accidents and incidentsReports on licensees and systematic assessment
Removal of deficiencies through inspection Inspection plan and Feed back Security of sources
Activities of Regulatory Authority::Technical Services
Analytical Service There are radioactivity measurement
services in the Health Physics Division (Dhaka) and in the Radiation Monitoring and Waste Management Laboratory. Radioactivity measurements, which may be needed for radiation safety, (leak testing of sealed sources, identification of radionuclides, etc.) can be carried out at the present time in Bangladesh.
Activities of Regulatory Authority::Technical Services Calibration
Calibration services provided to the installation in the government and private sector
Advisory Services Improvement of radiation protection in different practices Improvement of quality Capacity building and planning (i.e. Centres of excellence) Radwaste management and monitoring Maintenance of radiation measuring equipment, etc. Services are available to both the Public and
Private Sectors
Activities of Regulatory Authority:Salient features
Quality Assurance The Quality Assurance program for various radiation practices has not yet been
developed. Licensees, especially those engaged in radiation practices in the health sector, have been instructed to prepare their
respective Q.A programs. The regulator will review the Q.A programs.
Experience in implementation
BAEC established an Individual Monitoring system based on TLD’s which has the capability to cover roughly all the radiation workers The system is costly (roughly USD 450,000) Response from the radiation workers not encouraging (45% coverage) Coverage of critical groups more or less acceptable
Occupational Exposure Control:
Individual Monitoring Service
Coverage increasing due to interventions :MotivationMinistry instructionsLicensing conditionCritical group (industrial, therapeutic and
nuclear medicine) coverage betterX-Ray?? INTER-COMPARISON: Encouraging
Individual Monitoring Service
Practice(Number of facilities)
Number of radiation workers(Estimated)
Number of Radiation workers (Monitored)
Percentage of workers Monitored
Radiodiagnostic(2468 units in 2099 installations)
3000 1249 42%
Radiotherapy ( 9 units) 128 128 100%
Nuclear Medicine ( 16 units) 230 23 100 %
Irradiator, Radiography, Nucleonic Gauge, Oil Logging (37 units)
185 150 81%
Research Reactor and Other Research Facilities (3 Units)
151 151 100 %
Isotope Production, Waste Management
39 39 100%
Number of Issued TLD and Number of Organizations for the Year 2003
42
2224 24
1612
25
13
20
8
14
19
58
32
70
48
23
33
41
21
34
51
2927
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
J an'03 Feb'03 Mar'03 Apr'03 May'03 J un'03 J ul'03 Aug'03 Sep'03 Oct'03 Nov'03 Dec'03
Months
No of Organization No of TLD badge issued
Individual Monitoring Service (contd.)
[ annual average dose]
Practice No. of radiation workers
Annual average personal dose equivalent in mSv
Diagnostic Radiology 500 0.295
Nuclear Medicine 230 0.541
Radiotherapy 102 0.261
Industrial Radiography 52 1.604
Calibration
SSDL traceable to PSDL of UK Calibration and standardization of all
monitroing devices throughout the country Table) Cobalt sources of the radiotherapy unit Participation in inter-comparison programs ( JAERI, IAEA/WHO, etc.) with encouraging
results (< 3.5% deviation): Figure
SSDL Services
Year No. of survey meter
No. of pocket dosimeter
No. of TLD / Film Badge
1998 10 9 132
1999 27 9 321
2000 21 10 346
2001 71 16 256
2002 74 10 166
2003 (Provisional)
80 12 180
Total 283 66 1401
Intercomparison of Dose Quality
-3-2.5
-2-1.5
-1-0.5
00.5
11.5
22.5
3
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
% d
ev
iati
on
Workplace Monitoring
Workplace Monitoring BAEC recently conducted a nationwide workplace monitoring survey program Operators imparted on the spot training Needs for equipment and gadgets established Impementation by the Licensee
Anticipated problem: Finance for implementation by the private sector
Medical Exposure Control
Medical Exposure Control The authorized Radiation Control Officers (RCO) are responsible for the occupational exposure control in the respective facilities. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the WHO are now being involved to achieve desired success. A feedback workshop of the Radiation Control Officers (RCO) and a National Seminar on the survey findings of X-ray installations have been arranged
Medical Exposure Control
WHO assistance for two training events IAEA: Four training events Open Forum Discussion of RCO’s and
management of nuclear medicine practices Health: Two Centres of Excellence (National
Cancer Institute and Therapeutic Unit (Sylhet) Government committed USD 320k Additional centre of Excellence for nuclear
medicine also planned
Public Exposure Control
Public Exposure Control Efforts to account all radioactive wastes All known radium sources of the country collected, conditioned and stored safely in November 2000 Central Radioactive Waste Processing and Storage facility of BAEC expected to be
ready by June 2003 Environmental monitoring conducted regularly ( selected locations:soil vegetation, aquatic environment Radiation testing of imported food items
Transport Safety
Regulatory body is the competent authority IAEA Transport regulation adopted in the existing regulations Coordination with the Road Transport authority MOST, MOC personnel trained to facilitate coordination at the national level
Regulatory authority empowered to intervene in mitigating effects of a radilogical accident
BAEC included in the disaster management committee. Proposed action plan addressing radiological consequences of a earthquake
A comprehensive national radiological disaster preparedness and mitigation action plan envisaged for inclusion in national plan.
Major facilities are drawing up ERP at the micro level.
Emergency Response Plan
Education and Training
Three strings Regulatory personnel RCO’s of licensed facilities Users/ Practioners
Regulators PG Diploma IAEA courses (group, OJT, TOT) Resource persons for local training
A long-term training policy/ strategy will be formulated
Education and Training
RCO Training Courses ( 1-3 Weeks) for different practices.
Feed-back workshops RCO Training Courses ( 1-3 Weeks) for different practices
Training courses for different practices Total 43 (16 last year) courses 1756 participants (over 900 last year)
IAEA and WHO assisted. BAEC’s planned training institute will strengthen
training in future
Achievements with respect to IAEA Milestones
Operational system of notification, authorization, inspection and enforcement for the control of radiation sources. Bangladesh has achieved the first Milestone of the IAEA model project. BAEC has the capability to cover all radiation workers under IMS. Licensed practices/ facilities have work-monitoring
programs. Good progress toward Milestone 2 of IAEA model
project. Efforts are being made to achieve other Milestones
Conclusions
Strong government commitment and also involvement of all groups of stakeholders essential Radiation protection must override any other consideration of any radiation practice Progress in radiation protection in 2/3 years is
satisfactory Much more to achieve (scopes of radiation practices are increasing sharply) Proactive action program essential