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288 288 | Cracking the AP U.S. History Exam
Section I
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Section IThe Exam
AP® United States History ExamSECTIONI:Multiple-ChoiceQuestions
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
Instructions
SectionIofthisexamcontains80multiple-choicequestions.Fillinonlytheovalsfornumbers1through80onyouranswersheet.
Indicateallofyouranswerstothemultiple-choicequestionsontheanswersheet.Nocreditwillbegivenforanythingwritteninthisexambooklet,butyoumayusethebookletfornotesorscratchwork.Afteryouhavedecidedwhichofthesuggestedanswersisbest,completelyfillinthecorrespondingovalontheanswersheet.Giveonlyoneanswertoeachquestion.Ifyouchangeananswer,besurethatthepreviousmarkiserasedcompletely.Hereisasamplequestionandanswer.
Sample Question Sample Answer
ThefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStateswas A B C D E(A) Millard Fillmore (B)GeorgeWashington(C)BenjaminFranklin(D) Andrew Jackson (E)HarryTruman
Useyourtimeeffectively,workingasrapidlyasyoucanwithoutlosingaccuracy.Donotspendtoomuchtimeonanyonequestion.Goontootherquestionsandcomebacktotheonesyouhavenotansweredifyouhavetime.Itisnotexpectedthateveryonewillknowtheanswerstoallofthemultiple-choicequestions.
About Guessing
Manycandidateswonderwhetherornottoguesstheanswerstoquestionsaboutwhichtheyarenotcertain.Multiple-choicescoresarebasedonthenumberofquestions answered correctly. Points are not deducted for incorrect answers, and no pointsareawardedforunansweredquestions.Becausepointsarenotdeductedforincorrectanswers,youareencouragedtoanswerallmultiple-choicequestions.Onany questions you do not know the answer to, you should eliminate as many choices asyoucan,andthenselectthebestansweramongtheremainingchoices.
Total Time55 minutesNumber of Questions80Percent of Total Grade50%Writing InstrumentPencil required
At a Glance
Practice Test 1 | 289
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UNITED STATES HISToRySECTIoN I
Time—55 minutes
Directions:Eachofthequestionsorincompletestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfivesuggestedanswersorcompletions.Selecttheonethatisbestineachcaseandthenblackenthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.
1. AmajorweaknessoftheArticlesofConfederationwas that they
(A) createdatoo-powerfulchiefexecutive(B) didnotincludeamechanismfortheirown
amendment(C) madeittoodifficultforthegovernmenttoraise
moneythroughtaxesandduties(D) deniedthefederalgovernmentthepowerto
mediate disputes between states(E) requiredtheratificationofonlyasimple
majority of states
0 300 600 miles
0 300 600 miles
2. TheshadedregiononthemapaboveshowsthelandheldbytheUnitedStatesimmediatelyfollow-ingthe
(A) American Revolution(B) passageoftheNorthwestOrdinance(C) negotiationoftheTreatyofGreenville(D) Louisiana Purchase(E) Warof1812
3. Manifest Destiny is the belief that
(A) thecolonistsweredestinedtoleavetheBritishempire because of the distance between the NewWorldandEngland
(B) womenarebiologicallypredestinedtolivesofchildrearinganddomesticlabor
(C) America’sexpansiontotheWestCoastwasinevitable and divinely sanctioned
(D) theabolitionofslaveryintheUnitedStateswascertain to come about, because slavery was immoral
(E) AmericanentryintoWorldWarIwasunavoidableandwasinAmerica’slong-terminterests
4. InhisopiniononthecaseDred Scott v. Sandford, ChiefJusticeRogerTaneyruledthat
(A) theSupremeCourthadtherighttoruleontheconstitutionality of any federal law
(B) “separatebutequal”facilitiesforpeopleofdifferent races were constitutional
(C) corporations were entitled to the same protectionsguaranteedindividualsundertheFourteenth Amendment
(D) school prayer violated the principle of “separationofchurchandstate”
(E) CongresshadnorighttoregulateslaveryinUnitedStatesterritories
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Section I
5. FollowingtheCivilWar,mostfreedslaves
(A) stayed in the South and worked as sharecroppers
(B) joinedthepioneeringmovementasitheadedWest
(C) movedtotheNorthtoworkinfactories(D) tookworkbuildingthenation’sgrowing
railroad system(E) moved to Liberia with the aid of the American
ColonizationSociety
6. AllofthefollowingpoliciespursuedbyPresidentTheodore Roosevelt were main objectives of the AmericanProgressivesEXCEPT
(A) passageofthePureFoodandDrugAct(B) creationofnationalforestsandprotected
wildlife reserves(C) initiationofantitrustlawsuitsagainstvarious
corporate monopolies(D) intervention in the affairs of Central American
governments(E) expansionofthepoweroftheInterstate
Commerce Commission
7. WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheTreatyof Versailles is true?
(A) TheUnitedStatesSenaterejecteditbecauseittreatedGermanytooleniently.
(B) TheUnitedStatesSenaterejecteditbecauseitrequired increased American involvement in European affairs.
(C) TheUnitedStatesSenateapprovedit,withreservationsconcerningthedivisionofEastern Europe.
(D) TheUnitedStatesSenateapproveditwithoutreservations.
(E) ItwasnevervotedonbytheUnitedStatesSenate.
8. The1956boycottoftheMontgomerybussystem
(A) wasledbyMalcolmX(B) startedbecausethecitydoubledbusfares(C) wasinstigatedbythearrestofRosaParks(D) lasted for three weeks and failed to achieve its
goal(E) resulted from the assassination of Martin
LutherKingJr.
9. SenatorJosephMcCarthygainednational prominence with his accusation that
(A) Americanmeatpackersdisregardedfundamental rules of sanitation
(B) theFederalBureauofInvestigationwasviolatingmanyinnocentcitizens’righttoprivacy
(C) somecongressmenweretakingbribesinreturnforpro-businessvotes
(D) massivevoterfraudwascommonthroughoutthe Southwest
(E) theStateDepartmenthadbeeninfiltratedbycommunist spies
10. ThePuritansbelievedthatthefreedomto practicereligionshouldbeextendedto
(A) Puritans only(B) allProtestantsonly(C) all Christians only(D) all Jews and Christians only(E) allinhabitantsoftheNewWorld,including
AfricansandNativeAmericans
11. TheSugarActof1764representedamajorshiftinBritishpolicytowardthecoloniesinthat,forthefirsttime,theBritish
(A) allowedallproceedsfromataxtostayinthecolonial economy
(B) attemptedtocontrolcolonialexports(C) offered the colonists the opportunity to address
Parliamentwithgrievances(D) requiredthecoloniestoimportEnglishgoods
exclusively(E) leviedtaxesaimedatraisingrevenuerather
thanregulatingtrade
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15. The“GhostDance”movementamongWesternNa-tiveAmericansstressedallofthefollowingEXCEPT
(A) the belief that the world would soon come to an end
(B) rejectionofalcoholandothertrappingsofwhite society
(C) unityamongNativeAmericansofdifferenttribes
(D) nonviolence(E) theuseofmagictoneutralizetheeffectiveness
of whites’ weaponry
16. TheIndustrialRevolutionhadwhichofthefollow-ingeffectsonslaveryintheSouth?
(A) Thecreationofnumerouslabor-savingmachines vastly reduced the need for slave labor.
(B) RapidgrowthinthetextileindustryencouragedSouthernplanterstogrowcotton,therebymakingslaverymoreimportant to the economy.
(C) ThegovernmentboughtandfreedSouthernslaves,thentransportedthemtotheNorth,wherefactorieswereexperiencingamajorlaborshortage.
(D) TheIndustrialRevolutionbeganastheCivilWarwasendinganditprovidedworkformany former slaves.
(E) Newfarmmachineryrequiredslavesandmasterstoworkmorecloselytogether,witharesultingreductionofmutualhostility.
12. InresponsetoseveralunfavorableSupremeCourtrulingsconcerningNewDealprograms,FranklinRoosevelt
(A) urgedthevotingpublictowritelettersofprotest to Supreme Court justices
(B) submittedfourseparateConstitutionalamendmentsbroadeningthepowersofthepresidency
(C) abandonedtheNewDealandreplaceditwithalaissez-fairepolicy
(D) instructedboththelegislativeandexecutivebranchestoignoretherulings
(E) proposedlegislationthatwouldallowhimto appoint new federal and Supreme Court judges
13. TheKnow-NothingPartyfocuseditseffortsalmostexclusivelyontheissueof
(A) religiousfreedom(B) therighttobeararms(C) the prohibition of alcohol(D) women’srights(E) immigration
14. The“newimmigrants”whoarrivedintheUnitedStatesaftertheCivilWarweredifferentfromthe“oldimmigrants”inthatthey
(A) came mostly from Latin American countries(B) settledinruralareasintheMidwestwhere
land was plentiful(C) werebetterpreparedthanpreviousimmigrants
hadbeentofacethechallengesofurbanlife(D) spokedifferentlanguagesandhaddifferent
customs than most Americans and thus were not easily assimilated
(E) came from Asia rather than Europe
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19. TheBayofPigsinvasionofCuba,in1961,wascar-ried out by
(A) CaribbeanmercenarieshiredbytheUnitedStates
(B) Americansoldiers(C) the Soviet navy(D) CubanexilestrainedbytheCentralIntelligence
Agency(E) Cuban Communist rebels led by Fidel Castro
20. RogerWilliamswasbanishedfromMassachusettsBayin1636foradvocating
(A) the separation of church and state(B) women’ssuffrage(C) bigamy(D) theexportoftobacco(E) independencefromEngland
21. AllofthefollowinginfluencedtheUnitedStates’decisiontodeclarewaragainstGreatBritainin1812EXCEPT
(A) the impressment of American sailors(B) BritishcontroloftheAtlanticandresulting
interferenceinUnitedStatestradewithEurope
(C) theAmericangovernment’scertaintythatitsnavywasmorepowerfulthanGreatBritain’s
(D) GreatBritain’sallianceswithAmericanIndiantribes,whichcurtailedUnitedStateswestwardexpansion
(E) thefailureoftheEmbargoAct
22. The Missouri Compromise can be described by all ofthefollowingEXCEPT
(A) Itprovidedamethodforcountingslavesamongstatepopulationswhendeterminingthesizeofthestates’congressionaldelegations.
(B) ItallowedMissouritobeadmittedtotheUnionas a slave state.
(C) ItcreatedthefreestateofMainefromterritorythatbelongedtoMassachusetts.
(D) Oneofitspurposeswastomaintaintheequalrepresentation of free states and slave states in the Senate.
(E) ItincludedanorthernborderintheLouisianaTerritory above which slavery was thereafter prohibited.
Strike-Breaking
17. The1933politicalcartoonshownabovemakesthepoint that
(A) infightingwithinandamongunionspreventedtheir rise to economic power
(B) governmentinspectorsturnedtheirbackstoillegalrepressionoflaborunions
(C) attacks on unions were so well concealed that thegovernmentdidnotknowwheretobeginitsinvestigations
(D) fromtheirbeginnings,laborunionswerecontrolledbyorganizedcrime
(E) thegovernmentmovedtoohastilyininvestigatingmisbehaviorinlaborunions
18. InwhichdecisiondidtheSupremeCourtinvalidatethepracticeof“separatebutequal”facilitiesforblacks and whites?
(A) Marbury v. Madison(B) Bradwell v. Illinois(C) Plessy v. Ferguson(D) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas(E) Holden v. Hardy
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27. TheTrumanDoctrinedeclaredthegovernment’scommitment to assist
(A) Japanese families affected by the atomic bomb blastsinHiroshimaandNagasaki
(B) anynationfacingwidespreadpovertyasaresultofWorldWarII
(C) freenationsindangeroftakeoverbyrepressivegovernments,especiallySoviet-stylecommunism
(D) Americanfarmers,whosufferedthroughmajorpricedropsafterWorldWarIIended
(E) American families who could not afford to buildhomeswithoutgovernmentaid
28. TheUnitedStates’primaryreasonforparticipatingin the war in Vietnam was
(A) tofightunderthetermsofitsmilitaryalliancewith Japan
(B) toprovidemilitaryaidandassistancetoVietnameseleaderHoChiMinh
(C) to promote Asian autonomy and anticolonialism
(D) becauseAmericanforeignpolicyexpertsbelieved that, without intervention, communism would spread from Vietnam throughoutSoutheastAsia
(E) becausethegovernmentfeltobligedtoprotecttheUnitesStates’considerablebusinessinterests in Vietnam
29. TheFirstGreatAwakeningwasadirectresponseto
(A) Puritanism(B) TheEnlightenment(C) Transcendentalism(D) Existentialism(E) Postmodernism
23. Between1820and1854,thegreatestnumberofim-migrantstotheUnitedStatescamefrom
(A) France(B) Russia(C) Spain(D) England(E) Ireland
24. CongressbroughtimpeachmentproceedingsagainstAndrewJohnsonprimarilybecause
(A) JohnsonsoughttoblockthepunitiveaspectsofCongressionalReconstruction
(B) Johnson’sRepublicanpolicieshadfallenoutoffavor with the Democratic majority
(C) the Johnson administration was riddled with corruption
(D) Johnson’spro-NorthbiaswasdelayingthereadmissionofSouthernstatestotheUnion
(E) manycongressmenpersonallydislikedJohnson,althoughtheyagreedwithhispolicies
25. TheOpenDoorPolicyin1899primarily concerned
(A) independence movements in Africa(B) MexicanimmigrationtotheUnitedStates(C) theremovaloftradetariffsfromUnitedStates–
European trade(D) trade with China(E) theUnitedStates’coloniesinCentralAmerica
26. WhichofthefollowingwasNOTamajorcontribut-ingfactortotheonsetoftheGreatDepression?
(A) Technologicaladvanceshadallowedfarmersandmanufacturerstooverproduce,creatinglargeinventories.
(B) Thefederalgovernmentinterferedtoofrequentlywiththeeconomy,causinginvestorstoloseconfidence.
(C) Theaveragewageearnerwasnotearningenoughmoneytoaffordthemanyconsumergoodsnewtechnologyhadmadeavailable.
(D) Stock investors had been allowed to speculate wildly,creatinganunstableandvolatilestock market.
(E) Major businesses were controlled by so few producers that the failure of any one had a considerable effect on the national economy.
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Section I
“Societyeverywhereisinconspiracyagainstthemanhood of every one of its members…. The virtue in mostrequestisconformity.Self-relianceisitsaversion.”
30. Thepassageabovewaswrittenby
(A) RalphWaldoEmerson(B) JonathanEdwards(C) HarrietBeecherStowe(D) CharlesG.Finney(E) AndrewCarnegie
31. TheFree-Soilpartyadvocatedwhichofthe following?
(A) The freedom of settlers within the territories to determine the slave status of their new state
(B) PassageoftheHomesteadActtogivefreelandtoallWesternsettlers
(C) Theexclusionofslaveryfromanyofthenewterritories
(D) Thepolicyofgivingnewly-freedslaves“40acresandamule”followingtheCivilWar
(E) Thedestructionofthesharecroppingsystem
32. Whichofthefollowingstatestheprincipleof “virtualrepresentation,”asitwasarguedduring theeighteenthcentury?
(A) Papermoneyhasvalueeventhoughitisinherently worth very little.
(B) Slavepopulationsmustbecountedwhenfiguringcongressionalapportionment,eventhoughslavesmaynotvote.
(C) Americanproperty-holdingcolonistsmay,iftheysodesire,jointheirstatelegislatures.
(D) AllEnglishsubjects,includingthosewhoare not allowed to vote, are represented in Parliament.
(E) AllEnglishsubjectsareentitledtoatrialbeforea jury of their peers.
33. Bythefirstdecadeofthenineteenthcentury,Ameri-canmanufacturinghadbeenrevolutionizedbytheadvent of
(A) interchangeablemachineparts(B) theelectricengine(C) transcontinental railroads(D) labor unions(E) mail-ordercatalogues
34. Theprincipleofpopularsovereigntystatedthat
(A) wheneveranewareawassettled,allUnitedStatescitizenswererequiredtovoteontheslave status of that area
(B) slaverywouldnotbepermittedinanyareaafter1848
(C) thepresident,aftermeetingwithpublicinterestgroups,wastodecideonwhetherslaveswouldbeallowedinagiventerritory
(D) settlersintheWesternterritories,notCongress,would decide whether to allow slavery in their territory
(E) anysettlersdisagreeingwithfederallawsgoverningslaverywerefreetoignorethoselaws
35. WhichofthefollowingisNOTarequirementsetbytheReconstructionActof1867forSouthernstates’readmissiontotheUnion?
(A) Blackshadtobeallowedtoparticipateinstateconventions and state elections.
(B) ThestatehadtoratifytheFourteenthAmendment to the Constitution.
(C) The state had to pay reparations and provide landgrantstoallformerslaves.
(D) The state had to rewrite its constitution and ratify it.
(E) Congresshadtoapprovethenewstateconstitution.
36. WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheAmericanrailsystem in the nineteenth century?
(A) Governmentsubsidiesandlandgrantsplayedamajorroleinitsexpansion.
(B) Theentirenationalsystemwasplannedbeforethefirstrailwaywasconstructed.
(C) Transcontinental rail travel was not possible at anytimeduringthecentury.
(D) The development of the rails had little effect on the development of American industry.
(E) AmorehighlydevelopedrailsystemgavetheConfederacyadecidedadvantageintheCivilWar.
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1901–1910 1911–1920 1921–1930 1931–1940
decade
Austria/HungaryCanadaGermanyItaly
Percent of U.S. immigration total per decade, by nationality
Austria/HungaryCanadaGermanyItaly
% o
f tot
al im
mig
ratio
npo
p.
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
37. Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthechangesinimmigrationpatternsreflectedinthechartabove?
(A) The Depression resulted in a massive wave of Canadianemigration.
(B) AfterWorldWarIended,theAustrianandHungarianeconomiesimproved.
(C) Between1920and1930,CongresspassedimmigrationrestrictionsthatdiscriminatedagainstsouthernandeasternEuropeans.
(D) Duringtheyearsrepresentedonthechart,relationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandGermanyimprovedgreatly.
(E) Betweentheyears1900and1910,theItaliangovernmentinstitutedanumberofmeasuresrestrictingemigration.
38. AllofthefollowingcontributedtothespiritofisolationismintheUnitedStatesduringthe1930sEXCEPT
(A) disclosures that munitions manufacturers had lobbiedforAmericaninvolvementinWorldWarI,thenprofitedheavilyfromthewar
(B) aforeignpolicytraditionthatcouldbetracedtoWashington’sFarewellAddress
(C) auniversallackofawarenessofthegoalsoftheThird Reich
(D) memoriesofthecost,bothinfinancialtermsandinhumanlife,ofparticipationinWorldWarI
(E) the desire to focus resources on recovery from theDepressionratherthanonstrengtheningthe military
39. JackKerouac’sOn the Road and The Dharma Bums articulated the ideals of
(A) the silent majority(B) the“lostgeneration”(C) Middle America(D) theBeatgeneration(E) conservative academics
40. LegislationandexecutiveordersassociatedwiththeGreatSocietycreatedallofthefollowingEXCEPT
(A) theWorksProgressAdministration(B) theEqualEmploymentOpportunity
Commission(C) Medicare(D) theDepartmentofHousingandUrban
Development(E) ProjectHeadStart
41. Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribesthe system of indentured service in the Chesapeake settlementduringtheseventeenthcentury?
(A) Indenturedservantswereslavesforlife;however, their children were born free and could own property.
(B) Mostindenturedservantswereluredbythepromise of freedom and property upon completion of their service.
(C) Most indentured servants were convicted criminalssentencedtoservitudeintheNewWorld.
(D) The vast majority of indentured servants died withintwoyearsofarrivingintheNewWorld.
(E) Indenturedservantswerenotprotectedundercolonial law.
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42. TheNorthwestOrdinanceof1787wasasignificantachievement because it
(A) laidclaimtoallofNorthAmericaeastoftheMississippi River
(B) representedoneoftheraresuccessesofdiplomacybetweentheUnitedStatesgovernmentandAmericanIndians
(C) definedtheprocessbywhichterritoriescouldbecome states
(D) opened all territories west of the states to slavery
(E) wastheonlypieceoflegislationtopassthroughCongressundertheArticlesofConfederation
43. TherapidgrowthofAmericantownsinthe1920sand1930swasmadepossibleprimarilybythe
(A) invention of the steam locomotive(B) greateraccesstoinformationprovidedbyradio
and television(C) mass production of automobiles(D) endofopen-rangecattleranching(E) adventofelectriclighting
44. Reformmovementsduringthefirsthalfofthenine-teenth century attempted to accomplish all of the followingEXCEPT
(A) convince people not to drink alcohol(B) widenthedivisionbetweenchurchandstate(C) rehabilitate criminals(D) induce humane treatment for the insane(E) bringaboutanendtoslavery
“Thepricewhichsocietypaysforthelawofcompeti-tion…isgreat;buttheadvantagesofthislawarealsogreater….[W]hetherthelawbebenignornot,wemustsayofit:Itishere;wecannotevadeit;…itisbestfortherace,becauseitensuresthesurvivalofthefittestineverydepartment.”
45. Theabovepassageischaracteristicof
(A) Calvinism(B) SocialDarwinism(C) Progressivism(D) cultural pluralism(E) egalitarianism
46. TheUnitedStatesarmysupportedPanama’s1903warofindependenceagainstColombiaprimarilybecause
(A) theUnitedStateswassympathetictotherebels’democratic ideals
(B) theMonroeDoctrinerequiredtheUnitedStatesto support all wars of independence in the WesternHemisphere
(C) ColombiawasaskingtoohighapriceforcontroloftheprojectedAtlantic-Pacificcanal
(D) the success of Panama’s rebellion would have loweredsugarpricesintheUnitedStatesconsiderably
(E) theColombiangovernmentwasguiltyofnumeroushumanrightsviolationsinPanama
47. AllofthefollowingwereelementsofHenryClay’sAmericanSystemEXCEPT
(A) protective tariffs on imports(B) theestablishmentoftheSecondBankofthe
UnitedStates(C) theconstructionoftheNationalRoadand
other roadways(D) thecreationoflargenumbersoffederaljobsin
areas with unemployment problems(E) incentivestodevelopmanufacturingand
interstate trade
48. WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheinternmentofthoseJapaneselivingintheUnitedStatesduringWorldWarII?
(A) Themajorityofthoseconfinedwerenative-born Americans.
(B) Manyofthoserelocatedwereknowndissidents.
(C) Only2,000JapaneseAmericanswererelocated.(D) Congresspassedalawrequiringtherelocation
ofallaliensduringthewar.(E) Those who were relocated eventually recovered
their homes and possessions.
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49. Anglo-Americanwomenincolonialtimes
(A) couldownpropertyorexecutelegaldocumentsonly if they were widowed or unmarried
(B) enjoyedmorelibertiesandrightsthandidNativeAmericanwomen
(C) attended church less frequently than did Anglo-Americanmen
(D) weremorelikelythanmentodoagriculturalwork
(E) were required by law to learn to read and write, in order to teach their children
50. IntheseventeenthcenturytheChesapeakeBaysettlementexpandeditsterritorialholdingsmorequicklythandidtheMassachusettsBaysettlementprimarily because
(A) Massachusetts settlers were entirely uninterestedinexpansion
(B) ahighbirthrateandhealthyenvironmentresulted in a population boom in the Chesapeakeregion
(C) noNativeAmericanslivedintheChesapeakeBayarea,andthecolonistswerefreetoexpandtheirsettlementsatwill
(D) farmland in the Chesapeake area was less fertile, and so more of it was needed to supportsustenancefarming
(E) farmingofthechiefChesapeakeexport,tobacco,requiredagreatdealofland
51. ThedebateovertheFirstBankoftheUnitedStateswassignificantbecauseitraisedtheissueof
(A) whetherthenewgovernmentshouldissuepaper currency
(B) howstrictlytheConstitutionshouldbeinterpreted
(C) whethertheUnitedStatesshouldpaybackitswar debt to France
(D) howtofinancetheconstructionoftherailroads(E) whether the president had the power to act
unilaterally on important economic issues
52. TheLowellSystemofearlynineteenth-centurytextilemanufacturingwasnoteworthyforits
(A) practiceofhiringonlyadultmalesatatimewhentextileswasconsidered“women’swork”
(B) commitment,inthefaceoftheIndustrialRevolution,tomaintainingtheold,“by-hand”methodofmanufacture
(C) effortstominimizethedehumanizingeffectsofindustrial labor
(D) pioneeringadvocacyofsuchissuesasparentalleave, vacation time, and health insurance for employees
(E) particularly harsh treatment of employees
53. Theelectionof1824markedaturningpointinpresi-dentialpoliticsbecause,forthefirsttime,
(A) the presidency was won by someone who was not a member of the Federalist Party
(B) apresidentialandvice-presidentialcandidaterantogetherononeticket
(C) allthecandidatescampaignedwidelythroughoutthestates
(D) politicalpartiesofficiallyparticipatedintheelection
(E) thesystemofchoosingnomineesbycongressionalcaucusfailed
54. Inthelatenineteenthcentury,politicalmachinessuchasTammanyHallweresuccessfulprimarilybecause
(A) federallegislationsanctionedtheiractivities(B) theyoperatedprimarilyinruralareas,where
thegovernmentcouldnotmonitortheiractivities
(C) theyfocusedonaccomplishingonlyanarrowsetofhumanrightsobjectives
(D) theychampionedthesuffragettesandreceivedtheir support in return
(E) machine politicians provided needed jobs and servicestonaturalizedcitizensinreturnfortheir votes
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55. ThedisagreementbetweenW.E.B.DuBoisandBookerT.WashingtonregardingthestatusofAfrican-Americansintheearlytwentiethcenturyisbest summed up as a debate over
(A) whatsocialinjusticesfederallegislationshouldcorrectfirst
(B) whetherAfrican-AmericansshouldemigratetoAfrica
(C) whetherstategovernmentsorthefederalgovernmentshouldbetheprimaryvehicleofsocialchange
(D) howprominentaroleAfrican-Americanchurchesshouldplayinthestruggleforcivilrights
(E) whetherAfrican-AmericansshouldfirstseeklegaloreconomicequalitywithwhiteAmericans
56. OneoftheunintendedeffectsofProhibitionwasthat it
(A) caused a national epidemic of alcohol withdrawal
(B) broughtaboutadecreaseinalcoholismandanincrease in worker productivity
(C) resulted in a substantial increase in the abuse of harddrugs,particularlyheroin
(D) lowered the cost of law enforcement by decreasingtheincidenceofdrunkenness
(E) providedorganizedcrimesyndicateswithameanstogainbothwealthandpower
57. The1927motionpictureThe Jazz Singerwasthefirstmajorcommercialfilmtofeature
(A) colorimages(B) theillusionofthreedimensions(C) synchronous sound(D) special effects(E) a dramatic plot
58. WhichofthefollowingwasLEASTlikelyafactorinthedecisiontodropatomicbombsonHiroshimaandNagasaki?
(A) HopethataquickvictoryinthePacificwouldhasten an Allied victory in Europe
(B) FearthattheSovietUnionwouldsoonenterthe war with Japan
(C) Concern that a land war in Japan would result in massive American casualties
(D) Awareness that Japanese forces were numerous andspreadthroughoutAsia
(E) Desire to demonstrate to other world powers the potency of America’s new weapon
59. ThefailedEqualRightsAmendmenttotheCon-stitution was intended to prevent discrimination against
(A) African-Americans(B) NativeAmericans(C) children and adolescents(D) legalimmigrants(E) women
60. WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheStampActisNOTtrue?
(A) Becauseitmostaffectedlawyersandwriters,the Stamp Act fostered a particularly eloquent opposition to the Crown.
(B) ColoniallegislaturessentlettersofprotesttoParliamentthreateningsecessionfromEnglandiftheStampActwasnotrepealed.
(C) OppositiontotheStampActbuiltuponcolonialresentmentoftheSugarandCurrency Acts.
(D) Amongthecolonists’reactionstotheStampActwasaneffectiveboycottofBritishgoods.
(E) AccordingtotheStampAct,thosewhoviolated the law were not entitled to a jury trial.
61. Thedoctrineofnullificationstatedthat
(A) legalimmigrantsmaybedeportedwhentheyfall into a state of destitution
(B) Congressmayoverrideanexecutiveorderwithatwo-thirdsmajorityvote
(C) thegovernmentmaytakecontrolofabankif its cash reserves fall below a certain percentageofitstotaldeposits
(D) municipalandcountygovernmentsmayrescindlicensesgrantedbythestate
(E) a state may repeal any federal law that it deems unconstitutional
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62. AlexisdeTocquevilleattributedAmericansocialmobility to
(A) the continuation of European traditions in the NewWorld
(B) Americans’rightstospeakfreelyandtobeararms
(C) thegovernment’stoleranceoflaborunionsandprogressiveorganizations
(D) the lack of an aristocracy and the availability of frontier land
(E) mandatory public education
63. Whichofthefollowingchangesinwestwardmigra-tionoccurredin1848?
(A) ThenumberofpioneersheadedfortheOregonterritory decreased while the number headed forCaliforniagreatlyincreased.
(B) Thefirstgreatwaveofmigrationended,andthenumberofmigrantsremainedextremelylowuntilaftertheCivilWar.
(C) Forthefirsttime,pioneersbegantosettleareaswest of the Mississippi River.
(D) Largenumbersoffreeblacks,unwelcomeintheEast,begantoresettleintheWest.
(E) Thegovernmentbegantoenforcequotaslimitingthenumberofpeoplewhocouldmigrateeachyear.
64. Thefreesilvercampaignof1896receivedits greatestpopularsupportfrom
(A) NewEnglandbusinessmen,whowerediscriminatedagainstundertheexistingbankingsystem
(B) Southernwomen,whoincorporateditintoalargercampaignforeconomicequality
(C) bankers, who had run out of paper currency to invest
(D) goldminers,whostoodtoprofitfromthemovement’s success
(E) farmers,whohopedthatamoregenerousmoney supply would ease their debt burdens
65. TheUnitedStatestookcontrolofthePhilippinesin1898
(A) bypurchasingitfromChina(B) asaresultoftheSpanish-AmericanWar(C) afterconqueringtheautonomousPhilippine
government(D) whenJapanexchangeditforapromiseofnon-
aggression(E) as the leader of a multinational coalition called
in to suppress a revolution there
“Freespeechwouldnotprotectamanfalselyshoutingfireinatheaterandcausingpanic.”
66. Theexcerptaboveisfroma1919SupremeCourtrulingprohibitingspeechthatrepresenteda“clearandpresentdanger.”Thedefendantinthecasehad
(A) givenaspeechurgingblackresidentsofChicagotodemandequalrights
(B) writtenamagazinearticleinsupportoftheRussian revolution
(C) sentletterstomilitarydrafteesarguingthatconscriptionwasillegal
(D) givenaspeechsuggestingthatTexasshouldbereturnedtoMexico
(E) postedfliersdenouncingadepartmentstoreinSt. Louis
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80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Percent of U.S. population completing high schooland college
per
cen
t of
pop
ula
tion
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
High school graduates
College graduates
67. Whichofthefollowingbestaccountsforthetrendillustrated in the chart above?
(A) Increasedaffluencebeginninginthepostwarera allowed people the opportunity to stay in schoollonger.
(B) TheSupremeCourtdecisionBrown v. the Board of Education led to increased enrollment in collegesanduniversities.
(C) Duringthe1960s,increasingnumbersofhighschoolgraduatesrejectedthenotionthatacollegeeducationwasdesirable.
(D) Thefirststatepassedacompulsoryeducationlawin1946,andothersquicklyfollowed.
(E) Jobs in advanced technical and medical industriesgenerallyrequirepostgraduatedegrees.
68. The1968GeorgeWallacepresidentialcampaignontheAmericanIndependenceticketprobablyhelpedRichardNixonwintheelectionbecause
(A) Wallace’sracismdirectedvoters’attentionawayfromtheWatergatescandal
(B) WallacewonseveraltraditionallyDemocraticSouthern states
(C) Wallace’sparticipationsenttheelectiontotheHouseofRepresentatives,whereNixonwasmore popular
(D) inthefinalweek,WallacewithdrewfromtheraceandthrewhissupporttoNixon
(E) WallaceandHumphrey,theDemocraticcandidate, held similar views on all the major issues
69. TheEnglishcolonistswhosettledVirginiaandtheneighboringIndiantribeshadwidelydifferentat-titudesaboutallofthefollowingsubjectsEXCEPT
(A) whether property could be privately owned(B) whattypeofworkwasappropriateformen
and women(C) thesuperiorityofEnglishsocietyoverIndian
culture(D) thecentralityofreligionindailylife(E) the means by which leaders should receive and
exercisepower
70. PuritanemigrationfromEnglandcametoanear-haltbetweentheyears1649and1660because,dur-ingthatperiod,
(A) mostEnglishPuritanswereimprisonedforheresy
(B) mostPuritansconvertedtoCatholicism(C) theNewEnglandsettlementhadbecome
tooovercrowded,andcoloniallegislaturesstronglydiscouragedimmigration
(D) thePuritanscontrolledtheEnglishgovernment(E) ParliamentoutlawedtraveltotheNewWorld
71. TheMonroeDoctrinestatedthattheUnitedStateshadlegitimatereasontofearEuropeaninterventionintheWesternHemispherebecause
(A) Europe’s militaries were considerably more powerfulthanthoseoftheUnitedStates
(B) theoverpopulationofEuropemadefutureincursionsintheNewWorldarealpossibility
(C) Europe’sformsofgovernmentwerefundamentally different from those of the UnitedStatesandnewlyliberatedSouthAmerican countries
(D) theUnitedStatesanticipatedreprisalsforitsfrequent interference in European affairs
(E) theUnitedStatesultimatelyintendedtoannexalloftheWesternHemisphere
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72. SupremeCourtdecisionsconcerningNativeAmeri-cansin1831and1832
(A) reinforcedtherightsofstatestoremoveNativeAmericans from disputed lands
(B) deniedthemtherighttosueinfederalcourtbutaffirmedtheirrightstolandthatwastraditionally theirs
(C) voidedprevioustreatiesbetweenNativeAmericansandtheUnitedStatesonthegroundsthatthetreatieswereunfair
(D) grantedtribesofficialstatusasforeignnations(E) ruledthatthefederalgovernmenthada
unilateralrighttorelocateNativeAmericansto lands west of the Mississippi
73. Inthe1830s,Southernstatespassedanumberoflawsregardingthebehavioroffreeblacks.Theselaws were intended to
(A) encouragefreeblackstomigratetotheNorth(B) imposeauniformprocedureregardingthe
retrievaloffugitiveslaves(C) increase the pool of available black skilled
laborersinthegrowingSoutherneconomy(D) guaranteetherightsoffreeblackstraveling
throughslavestates(E) createanofficialsetofguidelinesconcerning
“acceptable”treatmentofslaves
74. BywhatmeansdidtheUnitedStatestakeposses-sionoftheOregonTerritory?
(A) TheUnitedStateswasgrantedtheterritoryinapostwar treaty with France.
(B) TheUnitedStatesboughtitfromtheNativeAmericans who lived there.
(C) U.S.settlerswerethefirsttoarriveintheregion;theyclaimeditfortheircountry.
(D) GreatBritaincededittotheUnitedStatesaspartofanegotiatedtreaty.
(E) TheFrenchsoldittotheUnitedStatesaspartof the Louisiana Purchase.
75. WhichofthefollowingwastheintendedresultoftheDawesSeveraltyActof1887?
(A) Railroad companies would be persuaded to stopunfairpricingthroughanumberofgovernmentincentives.
(B) RecentlyarrivedEuropeanimmigrantswouldbeenticedintosettlinginthelesspopulatedWest.
(C) Legislatorswouldbelesslikelytoacceptbribesbecause of the severity of the penalty.
(D) Southernstatelegislatureswouldbemotivatedto strike racist laws from their books in returnforgreaterfederalaid.
(E) NativeAmericanswouldbecoaxedoffreservationsbylandgrantsandwouldthusassimilateintoWesternculture.
76. DuringthedecadefollowingpassageoftheSher-man Antitrust Act, most courts applied the rule to break up
(A) railroad monopolies(B) utilitycompanies(C) telegraphcartels(D) labor unions(E) political machines
77. Theterm“welfarecapitalism”referstothecorpo-rate practice of
(A) providingsocialservicesfortheunemployedpoor who live near a factory
(B) offeringworkersincentives,suchaspensionsandprofitsharing,todissuadethemfromjoiningunions
(C) marketingonlytothosepotentialcustomerswho earn considerably below the national averagewage
(D) raisingpricesinstoreswheneverAFDCchecksare sent
(E) sellinginventoriestothegovernmentathighlyinflatedprices
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Section ISection I
78. TheUnderwood-SimmonsTariffof1913was endorsed by
(A) opponents of Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal(B) mostDemocratswhoadvocatedlowerduties(C) supportersofTeddyRoosevelt’sNew
Nationalism(D) opponentsofWoodrowWilson(E) conservativeDemocratswhoadvocatedhigh
protective tariffs
79. TheAgriculturalAdjustmentActof1933soughttolessen the effects of the Depression by
(A) payingfarmerstocutproductionand,insomecases, destroy crops
(B) purchasingfarmsandturningthemintogovernmentcollectives
(C) institutinganearlyretirementprogramforfarmersovertheageof50
(D) encouragingfarmerstoincreaseproduction(E) subsidizingfoodprocessingplantsinorderto
lower food prices
80. Duringthe1960s,theStudentNonviolentCoor-dinatingCommittee(SNCC)shifteditspoliticalagendainwhichofthefollowingways?
(A) Althoughitstartedasananti-warorganization,bythemid-1960stheSNCCwassolelypursuingacivilrightsagenda.
(B) TheSNCC,initiallyaChristianorganization,officiallyallieditselfwiththeNationofIslamin1963.
(C) Althoughinitiallyintegrationist,by1966theSNCCadvocatedblackseparatism.
(D) TheSNCCoriginallyconcerneditselfexclusivelywithpoliticalissuesoncollegecampuses;overtheyears,theorganizationbroadeneditsagenda.
(E) TheSNCCinitiallysoughttoachieveitsgoalsthroughlitigation;later,itpursueditsagendathroughpeacefuldemonstrations.
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UNITED STATES HISToRySECTIoN II
Total time—130 minutes
Part A: Document-Based Essay Question
(Suggestedwritingtime—45minutes.Thisquestioncountsfor45percentofthetotalessaysectionscore.)
Directions: ThefollowingquestionrequiresyoutoconstructacoherentessaythatintegratesyourinterpretationofDocumentsA–Iandyourknowledgeoftheperiodreferredtointhequestion.Highscoreswillbeearnedonlybyessaysthatbothcitekeypiecesofevidencefromthedocumentsanddrawonoutsideknowledgeoftheperiod.
1. WhenWorldWarIbrokeout,theUnitedStatesdeclareditspolicyofneutrality.TowhatextentdidtheUnitedStatesfollowapolicyofneutralitybetween1914and1917?
Usethedocumentsandyourknowledgeoftheeratoconstructyourresponse.
Document A
Source:PresidentWoodrowWilson,messagetoCongress(August19,1914)
TheeffectofthewarupontheUnitedStateswilldependuponwhatAmericancitizenssayanddo.Everymanwho really loves America will act and speak in the true spirit of neutrality, which is the spirit of impartiality and fairness and friendliness to all concerned.
ThepeopleoftheUnitedStatesaredrawnfrommanynations,andchieflyfromthenationsnowatwar.Itisnatu-ralandinevitablethatthereshouldbetheutmostvarietyofsympathyanddesireamongthemwithregardtotheissuesandcircumstancesoftheconflict.
Suchdivisionsamongstuswouldbefataltoourpeaceofmindandmightseriouslystandinthewayoftheproperperformanceofourdutyastheonegreatnationatpeace,theonepeopleholdingitselfreadytoplayapartofim-partial mediation and speak the counsels of peace and accommodation, not as a partisan, but as a friend.
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Document B
Source:HugoMunsterberg,HarvardUniversityprofessor,lettertoWoodrowWilson(November19,1914)
Dear Mr. President:
[I]askyourpermissiontoenterintosomedetailwithregardtotheneutralityquestion.Butletmeassureyoube-forehandthatIinterpretyourinquiryasreferringexclusivelytotheviewswhichareexpressedtomebyAmericancitizenswhosympathizewiththeGermancauseorwhoaredisturbedbythevehementhostilitytoGermanyonthepartoftheAmericanpress.MyremarksreferinnowaytotheviewsofofficialGermany…
First, all cables sent by and received by wire pass uncensored, while all wireless news is censored. This reacts againstGermany,becauseEnglandsendsallhernewsbycable,whereasGermanyaloneusesthewireless…
Second,thepolicyoftheadministrationwithregardtotheholdingup,detainingandsearchingofGermansandAustriansfromneutralandAmericanvesselsisareversaloftheAmericanpolicyestablishedin1812.Ithasexcitedno end of bitterness.
Third,theUnitedStatespermittedtheviolationbyEnglandoftheHagueConventionandinternationallawinconnectionwithconditionalandunconditionalcontraband.…[O]nformeroccasionstheUnitedStateshastakenaspiritedstandagainstone-sidedinterpretationsofinternationalagreements.TheUnitedStates,moreover,[previ-ously]insistedthatconditionalcontrabandcanbesentinneutralorinAmerican[ships]eventobelligerentnations,provideditwasnotconsignedtothegovernment,themilitaryornavalauthorities…Bypermittingthisnewinter-pretationtheUnitedStatespracticallysupportsthestarvingoutpolicyoftheAllies[andseriouslyhandicapping]GermanyandAustriaintheirfightforexistence…
Manyofthecomplaintsrefermoretotheunfriendlyspiritthantotheactualviolationofthelaw.Hereaboveallbelongstheunlimitedsaleofammunitiontothebelligerents…
Document C
Source:RobertLansing,War Memoirs(1935)
Theauthorwasactingsecretaryofstateduringtheperioddescribedbelow.
TheBritishauthorities…proceededwiththeirpolicy[ofblockadingAmericanshipsheadedformainlandEurope]regardlessofprotestsandcomplaints.Neutralshipswereinterceptedand,withoutbeingboardedorexaminedatsea,senttoaBritishport,wheretheircargoeswereexaminedafterdelays,whichnotinfrequentlylastedforweeks.Evenavesselwhichwasfinallypermittedtoproceedonhervoyagewasoftendetainedsolongatimethattheprofitstotheownersorchartererswereeatenupbytheadditionalexpensesoflyinginportandbythelossoftheuseofthevesselsduringtheperiodofdetention.
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Document D
Source:SecretaryofStateWilliamJenningsBryan,lettertotheChairmanoftheSenateCommitteeonForeignRela-tions(January20,1915)
Dear Mr. Stone:
Ihavereceivedyourletter…referringtofrequentcomplaintsorchargesmade…thatthisGovernmenthasshownpartialitytoGreatBritain,France,andRussiaagainstGermanyandAustriaduringthepresentwar…Iwilltakethem up…
(1) Freedomofcommunicationbysubmarinecablesversuscensoredcommunicationbywireless.
Thereasonthatwirelessmessagesandcablemessagesrequiredifferenttreatmentbyaneutralgovernmentisasfollows:Communicationsbywirelesscannotbeinterruptedbyabelligerent.Withasubmarinecableitisotherwise.Thepossibilityofcuttingthecableexists…Sinceacableissubjecttohostileattack,theresponsibil-ityfallsuponthebelligerentandnotupontheneutraltopreventcablecommunication.
Amoreimportantreason,however,atleastfromthepointofviewofaneutralgovernmentisthatmessagessentoutfromawirelessstationinneutralterritorymaybereceivedbybelligerentwarshipsonthehighseas.Ifthesemessages…directthemovementsofwarships…theneutralterritorybecomesabaseofnavalopera-tions, to permit which would be essentially unneutral.
(4) SubmissionwithoutprotesttoBritishviolationsoftherulesregardingabsoluteandconditionalcontrabandaslaiddownintheHagueconventions,theDeclarationofLondon,andinternationallaw.
ThereisnoHagueconventionwhichdealswithabsoluteorconditionalcontraband,and,astheDeclarationofLondonisnotinforce,therulesofinternationallawonlyapply.Astothearticlestoberegardedascontra-band,thereisnogeneralagreementbetweennations…
TheUnitedStateshasmadeearnestrepresentationstoGreatBritaininregardtotheseizureanddetentionbytheBritishauthoritiesofallAmericanships…Itwillberecalled,however,thatAmericancourtshaveestab-lishedvariousrulesbearingonthesematters.
(9) TheUnitedStateshasnotinterferedwiththesaletoGreatBritainandheralliesofarms,ammunition,horses,uniforms,andothermunitionsofwar,althoughsuchsalesprolongtheconflict.
ThereisnopowerintheExecutivetopreventthesaleofammunitiontothebelligerents.
The duty of a neutral to restrict trade in munitions of war has never been imposed by international law…
(20) GeneralunfriendlyattitudeofGovernmenttowardGermanyandAustria.IfanyAmericancitizens,parti-sansofGermanyandAustria-Hungary,feelthatthisadministrationisactinginawayinjurioustothecauseofthosecountries,thisfeelingresultsfromthefactthatonthehighseastheGermanandAustro-HungariannavalpoweristhusfarinferiortotheBritish.Itisthebusinessofabelligerentoperatingonthehighseas,notthedutyofaneutral,topreventcontrabandfromreachinganenemy…
Iam[etc.]
W.J.Bryan
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Document E
Source: New York Times,notice(May1,1915)
NOTICE!
TRAVELLERSintendingtoembarkontheAtlanticvoyageareremindedthatastateofwarexistsbetweenGer-manyandherallies;thatthezoneofherwatersincludesthewatersadjacenttotheBritishIsles;that,inaccordancewithformalnoticegivenbytheImperialGermanGovernment,vesselsflyingtheflagofGreatBritain,orofanyofherallies,areliabletodestructioninthosewatersandthattravellerssailinginthewarzoneonshipsofGreatBritainorheralliesdosoattheirownrisk.
IMPERIALGERMANEMBASSY
Document F
Source:ReportfromtheAmericanCustomsInspectorinNewYork(1915)
Q: Did the Lusitania haveonboardonsaidtrip5400casesofammunition?Ifso,towhomweretheyconsigned?
A: The Lusitaniahadonboard,onsaidtrip,5468casesofammunition.TheRemingtonArms-UnionMetallicCar-tridgeCo.shipped4200casesofmetalliccartridges,consignedtotheRemingtonArmsCo.,London,ofwhichtheultimateconsigneewastheBritishGovernment.G.W.Sheldon&Co.shippedthreelotsoffusesof6caseseach,and1250casesofshrapnel,consignedtotheDeputyDirectorofAmmunitionStores,Woolwich,England.
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Document G
Source:WoodrowWilson,speechtoCongress(March24,1916)
…Ihavedeemeditmyduty,therefore,tosaytotheImperialGermanGovernment,thatifitisstillitspurposetoprosecuterelentlessandindiscriminatewarfareagainstvesselsofcommercebytheuseofsubmarines,notwith-standingthenowdemonstratedimpossibilityofconductingthatwarfareinaccordancewithwhattheGovern-mentoftheUnitedStatesmustconsiderthesacredandindisputablerulesofinternationallawandtheuniversallyrecognizeddictatesofhumanity,theGovernmentoftheUnitedStatesisatlastforcedtotheconclusionthatthereisbutonecourseitcanpursue;andthatunlesstheImperialGermanGovernmentshouldnowimmediatelydeclareandeffectanabandonmentofitspresentmethodsofwarfareagainstpassengerandfreightcarryingvessels,thisGovernmentcanhavenochoicebuttoseverdiplomaticrelationswiththeGovernmentoftheGermanEmpirealtogether.
ThisdecisionIhavearrivedatwiththekeenestregret;thepossibilityoftheactioncontemplatedIamsureallthoughtfulAmericanswilllookforwardtowithunaffectedreluctance.Butwecannotforgetthatweareinsomesortandbytheforceofcircumstancestheresponsiblespokesmenoftherightsofhumanity,andthatwecannotremainsilentwhilethoserightsseeminprocessofbeingsweptutterlyawayinthemaelstromofthisterriblewar.Weoweittoadueregardtoourownrightsasanation,tooursenseofdutyasarepresentativeoftherightsofneutralstheworldover,andtoajustconceptionoftherightsofmankindtotakethisstandnowwiththeutmostsolemnityandfirmness…
Document H
Source:ArthurZimmerman,confidentialtelegramtoGermanAmbassadorJohannvonBernstoff(January1917)
OnthefirstofFebruaryweintendtobeginunrestrictedsubmarinewarfare.Inspiteofthis,itisourintentiontoendeavortokeeptheUnitedStatesofAmericaneutral.
Ifthisattemptisnotsuccessful,weproposeanalliancewithMexico,onthefollowingterms:thatweshallmakewartogetherandtogethermakepeace.Weshallgivegeneralfinancialsupport,anditisunderstoodthatMexicoistoreconquerthelostterritoryinNewMexico,Texas,andArizona.Thedetailsarelefttoyouregardingsettlement.
YouareinstructedtoinformthePresidentofMexicooftheaboveinthegreatestconfidenceassoonastheoutbreakofwarwiththeUnitedStatesiscertain.YouwillalsosuggestthatJapanberequestedtotakepartatonceandthathe also mediate between ourselves and Japan.
PleasecalltotheattentionofthePresidentofMexicothattheemploymentofruthlesssubmarinewarfarenowpromisestocompelEnglandtomakepeaceinafewmonths.
ForeignMinisterZimmerman
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Document I
Source: Des Moines Register,1917
The Python
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Section ISection II
UNITED STATES HISToRySECTIoN II
Parts B and C: Standard Essay Questions
(Suggestedwritingtime—70minutes.Thesequestionscountfor55percentofthetotalessaysectionscore.)
Part B
Directions:ChooseONEquestionfromthispart.Youareadvisedtospendfiveminutesplanningand30minuteswritingyourresponse.Citerelevantevidenceinsupportofyourgeneralizationsandpresentyourargumentsclearlyandlogically.
2. DiscussanyTWOofthefollowingastheypertaintoself-governmentintheNewEnglandsettlementspriorto1650:
Constitutionalism Democracy Freedomofreligion
3. Fortheperiodbetween1844andtheCivilWar,evaluatetheimpactofslaveryasapoliticalissueonanyTHREEofthefollowingparties:
Democratic Party Free-SoilParty Know-Nothings(AmericanParty) Republican Party WhigParty
Part C
Directions: ChooseONEquestionfromthispart.Youareadvisedtospendfiveminutesplanningand30minuteswritingyourresponse.Citerelevantevidenceinsupportofyourgeneralizationsandpresentyourargumentsclearlyandlogically.
4. AnalyzethereasonsforthepopularityoftheProgressivemovementduringthefirsttwodecadesofthetwentieth century.
5. DiscusstheroleofcollectivesecurityindeterminingU.S.foreignpolicyinthelatetwentiethcentury.TowhatextentwasthisacontinuationofordeparturefromU.S.foreignpolicyearlierinthecentury?Discusstwoofthefollowingalliancesinyourresponse:
TheUN NATO SEATO
StoP
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