Announcements

• Pegasus server access

• Books on reserve

• Thebrainmcgill website

• Jan 17, 19 and 24, 20-30 minutes of class end, brain models will be available as needed for students to study

Organization of the Nervous System

Overview of the

Central (CNS),

Peripheral (PNS),

Autonomic (ANS),

Enteric (ENS)

Nervous Systems

Atlas Online

• connection.lww.com/products/bear/samplematerial.asp

• Read chapters 1 and 2

• Read the illustrated atlas

• Use chapters 3 and 4 as extra reading if needed for exam 2

Views of the Brain

• Link to the brain mcgill:

• From simple to complex

• Neurological level

• intermediate level

• Planes link button

• Beginner level

• 3D view of brain

Thebrainmcgill

• Link to the brain mcgill:

• From simple to complex

• Neurological level

• beginner level

• Each lobe link button

• The physical brain link button

Brain General Divisions• Superficial Structures

– Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brain Stem (midbrain, pons, medulla)

• Cerebral Hemispheres,– Right & Left

• Four Lobes per Hemisphere– Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal

• Deep StructuresBasal Ganglia and Thalamus

Vocabulary

• Gyrus & Sulcus

• Grey and White Matter

• Nuclei and Ganglia

• Fissures

• Anterior, Posterior, Rostral, Caudal, Dorsal Ventral, Sagittal, Horizontal, Frontal/Coronal

Gyrus (gyri) and Sulcus (sulci)

Gyrus=folds on surface of brain Sulcus= grooves on brain’s surface

Purpose:increases surface area of the cortex so you can accommodate more neuronsmost developed part of brainmost recently evolved part of the brain.

Cerebrum

• Paired cerebral hemispheres both together referred to as cerebrum

Cerebral Hemispheres

• Right controls left side muscle and sensory

• Right involved in spatial reasoning/parallel processing

• Left controls right side muscle and sensory

• Left involved in logical reasoning

• In most humans, right controls language

Four Lobes in Each Hemisphere

External surface divided into 4 lobes

Frontal lobe process conscious control of movement and behavior & personality

Parietal lobe processes sensory information from muscle and skin

Temporal lobe is involved in processing hearing, and language

Occipital lobe subserves visual systems

Regional Specialization

• Processing of information is segregated in specific areas of the brain and separated by function.

Microscopic Cortical Organization

• cerebral cortex: outer layers have gray matter with soma, synapses dendrites

• Inner area has white matter=Myelinated afferent and efferent axons

Nuclei

Collection of neuronal somas in the deeper brain structures