Post on 30-Dec-2015
ANIMAL KINGDOMCollege Biology
Bill Palmer
Animal KingdomSome are Warm and Fuzzy!
Animal KingdomSome are Mean and Scary!
Animal Kingdom-Nine Phyla
PORIFERASPONGE
CNIDERIAJELLYFISH
PLATYHELMINTHEAFLATWORM
NEMATODAROUNDWORM
MOLLUSCACLAM, OYSTER,
SQUIDANNELIDA
FISHING WORM
ARTHROPODAGRASSHOPPER,
CRAB
ECHINODERMATASEA STAR
CHORDATAFISH, MAN
ancestral protist
symmetrytissue
bilateral tissue symmetry
body cavity
protosomes
coelom coelompseudocoel
deuterosomes
Porifera Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Mollusca
Annelida
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata(Phyla)
Radial symmetry
Tree for
Classifying Animals
Characteristics of Animals
EukaryoticMulticellularEmbryonic developmentHeterotrophic, ingestiveNo cell wallsMobileTissues
ClassificationKingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
SpeciesRemember:There may be sub-groups and supra-groups
Phylum Porifera: The Sponges
No organsConglomerate of cellsSexual ReproductionAsexual reproduction
Budding
Phylum Porifera: The Sponges
Most MarineSome Fresh water(Grantia)
Grantia
freshwaterMarine
osculum
The currents causewater flow into poresand out the osculumat top.
Inner cells withflagellae createcurrents
Spicules strengthenthe walls.
Anatomy of Typical Sponge
Cnidaria (The Stingers)
Phylum Cnidaria
Examples: Jelly fish, corals, anemones
Stinging Cells (cnidocytes)
• harpoons
2 stagesPolyp
Medusa
Phylum Cnidaria
Most are Marine
Some Fresh water
Look for freshwater jellyfish in fall in large MO reservoirs
mouthtentacles
mesoglea
gastrovascularcavity
POLYP
MEDUSA
mesoglea
gastrovascularcavity
mouthtentacles
TWO FORMS
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms
Examples: Flukes, Planaria, TapewormsOrgans present No system of blood circulationParasitic (tapeworms, flukes)Free-living (planaria)
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flukes
Human Liver Fluke
This species affects humans and destroys the liver.
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Tapeworms
Human Tapeworm
A parasite
Head or Scolex
Body Plan of Flatworm: Dugesia
Nervous SystemHead regionPrimitive Eyes
ReproductionSexualAsexual
nerve cords primitive eyescerebralganglia
ovariestestespenisgenitalpore
Nervoussystem
Reproductivesystem
Planaria
ancestral protist
symmetrytissue
bilateral tissue symmetry
body cavity
protosomes
coelom coelompseudocoel
deuterosomes
Porifera Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Mollusca
Annelida
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata(Phyla)
Radial symmetry
Complete digestive tract
Tree for Classifying Animals
Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms
Examples: Hookworm, Round worms, Guinea wormOrgans Present
Complete digestive tractRoles
pests for farmershuman parasites • trichinosis and hookworm• Sexual reproduction
Free livingSeparate sexes
Phylum Nematoda: Hookworms
Adult Worm “Mouth” with teeth
Hookworms enter humans through the
soles of the feet
Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms
Male
Female
CAUTION!!
Next slide is graphic
Guinea worms-
(Serpent of Fire in Bible)?
Phylum MolluscaClasses
Gastropods (snails, slugs)Bivalves (oysters, clams, and mussels) Cephalopods (octopus, squid, and nautilus)
Mantle tissueSecretes shells
Mollusca
Gastropod Cephalapoda Bivalves
Mollusca-Giant Squid
Phylum Annelida: Segmented Worms
Examples: earthworms, leeches
Body segmentation
Reproduction
Hermaphroditic (1 organism is male and female)
brain
mouth “hearts”
dorsal blood vesselintestine
anus
segments
coelomicspace
muscular wallsbetween
segments
pairs ofbristles
No lungs
Anatomy of Earthworm
Arthropoda (The jointed)
Crab with recently shed exoskeleton
Phylum Arthropoda: Jointed appendages
Exoskeleton carbohydrate protein Molting • Limits?
Appendagesjointed
Three Subphyla
I. Uniramia (Insects)• Three Segments (head, thorax, abdomen)
II. Crustacea (shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles)
III. Chelicerata (Spiders,ticks,mites, horseshoe crabs, centipedes, millipedes, scorpions)
• Chelicerae: Appendages near mouth used in feeding and venom injection
• Pedipalps (feeding/ courting/prey handling)
SOME INSECT ORDERS(There are more than 20 orders)
True Bug
Homoptera
Beetles
Coleoptera
Flies
Diptera
SOME INSECT ORDERS(There are more than 20 orders)
Bees, Wasps
Hymenoptera
Butterflies
Lepidoptera
Grasshoppers
Orthoptera
Insect
Centipede
LobsterWater flea
(Daphnia)
Barnacle
Horseshoe Crab Spider(Tarantula)
Mite
Echinodermata-The Spiny Ones
Sea Star
(old=Starfish)
Sea Cucumber Sea Anemone
Phylum Echinodermata:Spiny skin
Examples: starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollarWater vascular system
tube feet
Cephalochordata Vertebra Urochordata
The Chordates
Phylum Chordata
Three Subphyla Cephalochordata• Amphioxus (only representative)
Urochordata• Sea squirts
Vertebratanotochord dorsal nerve cord post-anal tail
anuspharyngeal slits Amphioxus
Cephalochordata
Amphioxus
UrochordataSea squirts (Tunicate)
VertebrataCheetah
Vertebrates
1. Cartilaginous fish (shark, ray)2. Bony fish (blue gill, salmon)3. Amphibian (frog, salamander)4. Reptile (snake, turtle, lizard)5. Birds (ostrich, swallow)6. Mammals (bear, human, duckbilled
platypus)
Vertebrate EvolutionCartilage to Bone
Half of vertebrates are fish.sharks and rays cartilaginousMost are bony fish
Transition to Land:
Amphibians: First land vertebrates
aquatic embryos and larvaeadults need moist environments.
Cartilaginous Fish
Manta Ray
Lobe-finned CoelacanthAncestor of all land vertebrates
Bony Fish
Marlin
Largemouth
Bass
Rainbow
Trout
Amphibians
Salamander
Frog
Toad
mature frog
immaturefrog
tadpole developing embryo
fertilizedegg
female
egg
sperm
male
Amphibian Life Cycle
ReptilesSnakes
Lizards
Turtles
Alligators
Vertebrate Evolution
Birds and Reptiles
Amniotic Egg• Terrestrial development• Internal Fertilization
Dinosaurs to BirdsBone similarities Transitional fossil
a
It has the teeth and claws of a dinosaur, but the unmistakable feathers of a bird. The drawing at right is an artist’s interpretation of the fossil at left.
Archaeopteryx
Common Bird Types
Duck
Bald Eagle
American Robin
Common Bird Types
Hummingbird
PheasantSandpiper
Vertebrate EvolutionMammals
Characteristics• Mammary glands• Near-constant internal temperature• hair • eggs that develop internally
Vertebrate EvolutionReproduction in Mammals
MonotremesMarsupialsPlacentals
MonotremesEgg-laying mammals Duck-Billed Platypus
MarsupialsMature in pouchKangaroo w/ Joey
MarsupialsOpossum is a common Missouri Marsupial
PlacentalNutrition from placentaGrizzly Bear
SOME PLACENTAL ORDERS
Bat
Chiroptera
Lion
Carnivore
Orca
Cetacean
Porcupine
Rodent
SOME PLACENTAL ORDERS
Gorilla
Primate
Elephant
Proboscidae
Whitetail Deer
Ungulate
Seal
Pinnadea
1. What are the 9 major phyla we examined?2. What are examples of the 9 major
phyla? 3. What are the characteristics that place
the organisms into those Phyla?4. What is symmetry? Types?5. What are examples of organisms with
different types of symmetry?
Wrap up
7. What are examples of organisms with different types of coeloms?
8. What are the 4 major characteristics of Chordata?
9. What are the 6 classes of Vertebrata?10. What are the characteristics of the 6
classes of Vertebrata?11. What are the 3 types of mammals?
(Define, describe, recognize and give examples?)
Wrap up
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
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