ANIMALKINGDOM

CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL ANIMALS

They are made of cells, which form tissues, which form organs which form organ systems.

They obtain food by eating other organisms (herbivores, carnivores or omnivores).

Most animals reproduce sexually but some can reproduce asexually.

Types of food eaters

Carnivore They are

meat eater

Herbivore They

are plant eater

Omnivore They

eat plants

and meat

Division of animals

Types of symmetryAnimals have bilateral symmetry (1 line that can divide the animal into 2 identical parts)

or radial symmetry ( many lines that can divide the animal into equal parts).

Animal Symmetry

PoriferaSimplest form of animalNo tissues or organsheterotrophic & cells that have specialized jobs

Bodies pierced all over with openings called pores

How do Sponges eat & breathe?

Collar cells on the inside of central cavity trap bacteria & protists & digest them.

Sponges get O2 by diffusion.

Soft bodies have network of spikes.

Made of tough material, but food for some types of fish.

Can reproduce asexually (budding) and sexually. Fertilized eggs go through a larvae stage.

Phylum coelenterata Carnivores use stinging cells to capture prey &

defend selves. Specialized tissues - no organs. Radial symmetry

2 body types: polyp (like a vase with a mouth opening at the top) and medusa (bowl shaped).

DigestionCapture prey using stinging

cells to inject venom - paralyzes prey

Pull prey into mouth, digest in body cavity digestive system: 1 opening - expel food from mouths also.

Phylum Ctenophora (Comb Bearers)

Defining CharacteristicsPlates of fused cilia arranged in rows

Adhesive prey capturing cells (colloblasts)

Comb jellies are delicate, transparent, non-stinging predators

Phylulm Ctenophora

Ctenophora Structure

Similar in structure to Cnidaria medusa

Poorly studied due to fragile nature

Digestion

Feed on plankton, other ctenophores and other Cnidarian jellies

Gut extends through the entire body; mouth is at the oral end

Anal pore is at the aboral end

Ctenophore diversity

Most species live in the open ocean and are not well studied

New studies use submersibles and divers to collect specimens, eliminating specimen destruction by fast towed nets

Phylum CtenophoraOrder LobataOrder Beroida

PHYLUM PLATYHELMINT

HES

Phylum Platyhelminthes The flatworms They are triploblastic and have bilateral symmetry no body cavity (acoelomate) These animals are the first to exhibit a head. Many flatworms are parasites of chordates (fish,

reptiles, mammals, etc..) These are the tapeworms and flukes

The worms in this phylum are all very thin and flat, like this parasitic liver fluke.

All flatworms, including this planarian, have bilateral symmetry.

Flatworms are the first animals to have a head. Note the hooks and suckers on the head of this

tapeworm.

PHYLUM NEMATODA

Roundworms

Nematodes are not segmented; their body surfaces appear smooth.

Many nematodes are parasites, such as this pork worm named Trichinella.

Nematodes have a complete digestive tract, with a mouth at one end where food enters, and an opening at the other end where wastes exit.

PHYLUM MOLLUSCAClams, snails, squid, octopus

Most mollusks have a hard shell covering their soft bodies.

Clams have a wedge-shaped muscular foot used for

locomotion.

Mollusks breathe by means of gills.

Not all mollusks have shells. This squid does not.

This octopus does not have a shell either, but it is still a mollusk.

PHYLUM ANNELIDA

Earthworms, sandworms, leeches

Annelids have bodies that are segmented

(divided into sections).

Annelids have a circulatory system to pump blood. This

earthworm has 5 hearts!

Annelids worms have a body cavity called a coelom which provides room for organ development.

PHYLUM ARTHROPODA

Crayfish, lobsters, crabs, insects, spiders

All arthropods, including this tick, have jointed legs.

Arthropods have a crunchy shell called an exoskeleton.

Arthropods have very well-developed sense organs.

PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA

Starfish, sand dollars, sea urchins

Echinoderms have spiny (prickly) skin.

Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry.

The bottom of this starfish is covered with tube feet for locomotion.

Phylum Hemichordata 44

Phylum Hemichordata

Defining characteristics

A conspicuous dorsal extension of the pharynx forms an anterior buccal tube or stomochord

Phylum H

emichordata

46Body Structure

Feeding

PHYLUM CHORDATA

Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

( vertebrates with spinal cords)

A. Circulatory system1. Closed (veins and arteries)

2. Multi chambered heart

B. Digestive System – Complete system with specialized organs

C. Respiratory System1. Lungs on land

2. Gills in most cases in water

Let’s take a look at 7 classes of vertebrates

Phylum Chordata can be subdivided

into 7 classes:

AGNATHACHONDRICHTHYES

OSTEICHTHYESAMPHIBIAREPTILIA

AVESMAMMALIA

Phylum: Chordata cont.

1. Class: Cyclostomata

a. Cold blooded

b. Cartilage skeleton

c. No true Jaws

d. Example: The lamprey

Phylum: Chordata cont

2. Class: Chondrichthyes

a. Cold blooded

b. Sharp teeth

c. Cartilage skeleton

d. Example: sharks, rays, skates

Phylum: Chordata cont

3. Class: Osteichthyes

1. Cold blooded2. Bone skeleton

3. Two chambered heart4. Scales

5. Example: perch, bass

Phylum: Chordata cont4. Class: amphibia

a. Live in water and on land

b. Smooth moist skin ( exceptions: toads)

c. Cold blooded

d. Breathe through gills as babies

e. Breathe through lungs and skin as adults

f. Lay eggs in water

g. Three chambered heart

i. Examples newts, salamanders, frogs and toads

4. Class: amphibia cont.

h. Metamorphisms (tadple to frog)

Phylum: Chordata

5. Class: Reptilia

a. Cold blooded

b. scales

c. Lay eggs on land

Phylum: Chordata

5. Class: Reptilia cont.

d. Incomplete four chambered heart

e. Breath with lungs from birth

f. Example: snakes, lizards, turtles

Phylum: Chordata

6. Class: Aves The birds

a. Warm blooded

b. Complete four chambered heart

c. Streamlined (aerodynamic) body

d. Feathers

Phylum: Chordata

6. Class: Aves The birds cont.

e. Lay eggs on land

f. Light weight skeleton

g. Examples: Eagles, Seagulls, Turkeys

Phylum: Chordata

7. Class: Mammaliaa. Warm blooded

b. Hairc. Live birth (placentals) Placenta- nourishes baby while developing in mom

Phylum: Chordata

7. Class: Mammalia cont.d. Mammary glands

- produce milk- nurse young

e. Two pairs of limbs

f. High functioning brain and sense organs

Made by-Anurag Verma

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