ANIMAL AND PLANT

THE CELL

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

• Cells are the basic units of organisms

• Cells can only be observed under microscope

• Two basic types of cells:

Animal Cell Plant Cell

PLANT CELLPLANT CELL

•Made of cellulose which forms very thin fibres• Strong and rigid• In plant cells only•Connected to cell membrane

•Cell wall

– Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm)

– Resist entry of excess water into the cell

– Give shape to the cell (made of cellulose)

•Cell wall

PLANT CELLPLANT CELL

–A dead layer

–Large empty spaces present between cellulose fibres

freely permeable

•Cell wall

PLANT CELLPLANT CELL

– Lies immediately against the cell wall

– Made of protein (receptors, pores, enzymes) and lipid (double layer=water fearing) Selectively permeable (responsible for controlled entry/exit of substances

– Double layer of lipids with proteins for cell activity.

•Cell membrane

PLANT CELLPLANT CELL

–Contain the green pigment chlorophyll

•To trap light energy, to make food by photosynthesis

PLANT CELLPLANT CELL

• Chloroplast

–Contain starch grains (products of photosynthesis)

• Chloroplast

PLANT CELLPLANT CELL

PLANT CELLS: PLANT CELLS: CHLOROPLAST

• Site for photosynthesis• Photosynthesis is

when sunlight, H2O, and CO2 are use to make glucose and oxygen• Chlorophyll is a green

pigment found here.• Chlorophyll collects

the sun’s energy.Chloroplast

PLANT CELLS: PLANT CELLS: VACUOLE

• Membrane organelles that store substances.• Vacuoles move

substances in and/or out of the cell.• Movement in or out

of the cell is down by fusing with the cell membrane. Vacuole

– large central vacuole– Surrounded by

tonoplast– Contains cell sap

•a solution of chemicals (sugars, proteins, mineral salts, wastes, pigments)

PLANT CELLPLANT CELL

•Vacuole

–A living layer–Can control the

movement of materials into and out of the cell

•Cell membrane

CELLCELL

–Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane

–Provide a medium for chemical reactions to take place

•Cytoplasm

CELLCELL

–Contains organelles and granules :•e.g. chloroplast •e.g. mitochondrion

•Cytoplasm

CELLCELL

ORGANELLESORGANELLES

very small size – can only be observed under electron microscope

has specific functions

in cytoplasm

–Starch granules–Oil droplets–Crystals of insoluble wastes

CELLCELL

•Non-living granules

– Rod shape– Provide cell

with energy

through respiration– Powerhouse

of the cell

CELLCELL

•Mitochondrion( mitochondria )

– Active cells ( eg. sperms, liver cells) have more mitochondria

CELLCELL

•Mitochondrion( mitochondria )

CELLCELL

•Mitochondrion( mitochondria ) – Double membrane

bound organelle– Outer=smooth– Inner = twisted– On the cristae, sugar

combines with O2 to

form ATP (energy source).

– Controls the normal activities of the cell and

all cell parts– Bounded by a

nuclear membrane– Contains thread-like chromosomes

CELLS

•Nucleus (the brain)

–Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes•Chromosomes carry genes–genes control cell characteristics

•Nucleus

CELLSCELLS

– Membrane bound– Communicates using

nuclear pores– DNA found here– Prominent structure are

the nucleotides

•Nucleus

CELLSCELLS

CELLS: CELLS: GOLGI BODIES

• Single membrane-bound structure.• Packaging and

shipping of a cell.• Packages are fluid-

filled & called vesicles.• Vesicles transport

large molecules in cells.

Golgi bodies

CELLS: CELLS: RIBOSOME

• Site of protein synthesis.• Read code found in RNA.• Assemble proteins cell’s need for growth and different functions.

Ribosome pic

CELLS: CELLS: ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• Connects outer nuclear membrane with the cell membrane.• Function as channels

within the cell.• Two types: Smooth and

Rough.• Smooth are for fat and

membrane protein production.• Rough have ribosomes

on its surface and synthesize other proteins

Endoplasmic reticulum

DIFFERENT KINDS OF PLANT DIFFERENT KINDS OF PLANT CELLSCELLS

Onion Epidermal Cells

Root Hair Cell

root hair

Guard Cells

mitochondrion

nucleus

glycogen granule

cell membrane

cytoplasm

ANIMAL CELLANIMAL CELL

• No cell wall or chloroplast

• Stores glycogen granules and oil droplets in the cytoplasm

vacuole

DIFFERENT KINDS OF ANIMAL CELLSDIFFERENT KINDS OF ANIMAL CELLS

white blood cell

red blood cell

cheek cells

sperm

nerve cell

muscle cell

Amoeba

Paramecium

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PLANT SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLSCELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS

Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm

Both have a nucleus

Both contain mitochondria, ER, Gogli Apparatus, and ribosomes

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLSCELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS

Animal cells Plant cells

Relatively smaller in size

Irregular shape

No cell wall

Relatively larger in size

Regular shape

Cell wall present

Animal cells Plant cells

Vacuole small or absent

Glycogen granules as food store

Nucleus at the centre

Large central vacuole

Starch granules as food store

Nucleus near cell wall

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLSCELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Golgi bodies

Ribosome

Endoplasmic reticulum

Vacuole

Plant Cell

Cell Wall

Chloroplast

MUST KNOW VOCABULARY

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