Ancient RomeAncient Rome

753 BC

“Rome is the conqueror of the root conqueror”

GeographyGeography Located on

Italian Peninsula

Midway between Alps and tip of Italy

Governments of RomeGovernments of Rome

MR. EDMonarchyRepublicEmpireDecline

So what is Rome known for?So what is Rome known for?

– - Government/ law

– - Architecture

– - Christianity

Government:Government:

Rome was republic

– -Power rests in citizens

o Only males could vote

DENIED

What is the difference between a republic and a Direct Democracy?

What is the difference between a republic and a Direct Democracy?

Organization of Government:Organization of Government:

Consuls (2) – controlled army Senate – created law and policies Dictator- only in case of emergency,

one ruler with absolute power

Social Classes:Social Classes:

1)Patricians a. Wealthy landownersb. Most power

2)Plebeians a. Common farmer, artist, merchantb.Majority of population c. Could not hold high government

offices

i.Created Tribunes or assembly to protect rights

Law:Law:

Written Law: 12 Tables

Law (12 Tables)-Law (12 Tables)-

system of Law, equality under law, rights of the accused ( Codified Laws)

(12 Tables)

Military:Military:

All males that own land must serve military

Spreading Rome:Spreading Rome:

– Eventually took over whole Italian peninsula– Mediterranean Sea allowed for commercial

network to grow increase influence and power create new enemies

– Carthage: African Empire

Punic Wars: 264 BCPunic Wars: 264 BC– War started over Carthage attempting to control all

of Sicily– Rome fights Empire of Carthage in North Africa– - Hannibal of Carthage– - Roman Triumph

o Complete control of West Mediterranean

End of the RepublicEnd of the Republic

Republic had spread all across Mediterranean region

– Battle between rich and poor created problems– High taxes had lead to numerous rebellions throughout

the republic– They had to be stopped or republic would fall

Triumvirate - 3 major leaders of Council will select a dictator

Triumvirate - 3 major leaders of Council will select a dictator

Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey)

Famous LeaderFamous Leader

Julius Caesar- military genius and future dictator of Rome

– became a dictator with ABSOLUTE POWER

As said in the DARK KNIGHTAs said in the DARK KNIGHT

Bruce: Exactly. Who elected the Batman? Harvey: We did. All of us who let scum like Maroni take over

our city. Natasha: But, this is a democracy. Harvey: When their enemies were at the gates, the Romans

would suspend democracy and appoint one man to protect the city. And it wasn’t considered an honor, it was considered a public service.

Rachel: Harvey, the last person the Romans elected to protect the city was named Caesar, and he never gave up his power.

Caesar’s power threatened power of Senate had him assassinated in 44 BC.

Civil war followed

“Die the hero, or live long enough to become the villain”

Who will come out on top?

2nd Triumvirate :

Octavian vsMarc Anthony

vs Marcus Aemilius Lepidus

2nd Triumvirate :

Octavian vsMarc Anthony

vs Marcus Aemilius Lepidus

Beginning of the Roman EmpireBeginning of the Roman Empire

Augustus Caesar (Octavian)- 1st emperor

– Pax Romana – “Roman Peace” – 207 years of peace from 27 BC. To 180 ad

o Why did this happen?

Stable government

Economy:Economy:

Most were tradesman or farmers 90% were farmers

Slavery:Slavery:

Remember the movie Gladiator? Most were conquered people Made up one third of empire

Eventually Empire becomes too big to manage

Eventually Empire becomes too big to manage

Emperor Diocletian splits empire in to 2 parts: East and West

The Growth of ChristianityThe Growth of Christianity Founder: Jesus of

Nazareth Sect of Judaism Preached salvation for all

(not just Hebrews) Holy Bible = (Torah (old

testament) + Teaching of Jesus (new testament)

Follow the 10 commandments

Religion: Before Christianity hit Rome they were polytheistic Gods such as Jupiter, Lares

Religion: Before Christianity hit Rome they were polytheistic Gods such as Jupiter, Lares

ChristianityChristianity

For years Jew, Pagans, and Christians fought over religion in Rome

– -

Edict of Milan – 313 adEdict of Milan – 313 ad

As Christianity grew, the traditional Pagan Romans and Christians clashed

In order to save his empire, Constantine proclaimed religious tolerance

–Emperor Constantine declared it an acceptable religion of Roman Empire

o Would eventually become official religion of Rome

–-Constantine moves capital to Constantinople (Modern day Turkey)

Arguments begin between east and WestArguments begin between east and West

At one time there was 3 popes!

Decline of the EmpireDecline of the Empire

– Over time, soldier became less loyal to Rome and more to commanders Empire was too big to control and monitor

– Government had become corrupt

- Food Shortages/ bad harvests

- Gap between rich and poor

– Western half of Empire falls to Germanic invasions in 476 AD – Eastern half will eventually become Byzantine Empire

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are needed to see this picture.

Legacy:Legacy:

Arts- Realistic sculptures

Language – LatinLanguage – Latin

Architecture- Architecture-

Roads

“ All ROADS lead to

ROME!”

Aqueducts

Arch

The Coliseum

The Forum

Cement

DomesDomes

Law (12 Tables)-Law (12 Tables)-

system of Law, equality under law, rights of the accused ( Codified Laws)

(12 Tables)

Circus MaximusCircus Maximus

PantheonPantheon

So what happened to the Roman Empire?

Greece vs. RomeGreece vs. Rome Column Direct Democracy (Athens) Sculptures Alexander’s Empire Polytheistic Astronomy Pericles Hellenistic Culture Astronomy Math

Arch, Dome, Aqueducts Representative

Democracy (Republic) Roman Empire Anatomically correct

sculptures Christianity 12 Tables Latin

In the end, the civilization of ancient Rome is known for several things:

•the hugeness of the Empire;

• the success of the well-trained armies;

•the massive, impressive structures and construction, such as roads, aqueducts, baths, the Forum, and temples;

•the struggle with and then embracement of Christianity;

•the spreading of Roman writing, laws, trade practices and ideals and, especially, of Greek ideals to the rest of the known world;

•the terrible tragedies of slavery and conquest on which the civilization was ultimately based;

•the dramatic way in which the Empire collapsed, serving as an example for generations afterward