Why did Rome become a conqueror?

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Why did Rome become a conqueror?. Framework. Why did Rome become a conqueror?. Framework Why? Theories Continual Self-Defense Greed/Aggressiveness Nature of Political Prestige/Power Political Advancement Dignitas. Why did Rome become a conqueror?. Framework Why? Theories - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Page 1: Why did Rome become a conqueror?
Page 2: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Why did Rome become a conqueror?

• Framework

Page 3: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Why did Rome become a conqueror?

• Framework

• Why? Theories– Continual Self-Defense– Greed/Aggressiveness– Nature of Political Prestige/Power

• Political Advancement

• Dignitas

Page 4: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Why did Rome become a conqueror?

• Framework

• Why? Theories

• How? Theories:– Genius?– Material Circumstances– Roman Determination

Page 5: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Page 6: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 7: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 8: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 9: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 10: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 11: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Who are the Carthaginians?•Powerful Trading Empire•Similarities to Rome•Differences from Rome

FC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 12: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Who are the Carthaginians?•Powerful Trading Empire•Similarities to Rome•Differences from Rome

Background to Conflict•Rome respects Carth domain over Medit•Rome Expands•Greek Pressure•Where might battle take place?

FC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 13: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Who are the Carthaginians?•Powerful Trading Empire•Similarities to Rome•Differences from Rome

Background to Conflict•Rome respects Carth domain over Medit•Rome Expands•Greek Pressure•Where might battle take place?

• Sicily

FC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 14: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

First Punic War•Land Power vs. Sea Power

• Rome and Naval Warfare

Page 15: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

First Punic War•Land Power vs. Sea Power

• Rome and Naval Warfare•Course of War

• Roman Victories• Shipwrecks• Roman Determination• Hamilcar Barca• Carthaginian Politics

Page 16: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

First Punic War•Land Power vs. Sea Power

• Rome and Naval Warfare•Course of War

• Roman Victories• Shipwrecks• Roman Determination• Hamilcar Barca• Carthaginian Politics

•Effects• Cash to Rome• Carth gives up Sicilian Claims• Sicily=First Overseas Province

Page 17: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Second Punic War•Interwar Developments

• Roman Progress• Carthaginian Progress

Page 18: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Second Punic War•Interwar Developments

• Roman Progress• Carthaginian Progress

•Hannibal’s Success• Hannibal’s Idea

Page 19: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Second Punic War•Interwar Developments

• Roman Progress• Carthaginian Progress

•Hannibal’s Success• Hannibal’s Idea• Cross Alps

Page 20: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Second Punic War•Interwar Developments

• Roman Progress• Carthaginian Progress

•Hannibal’s Success• Hannibal’s Idea• Cross Alps• Military Genius

• Cannae

Page 21: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Numidian Cavalry

Spanish & Gallic Cavalry

Gallic & allied infantry

Italian & Roman Cavalry

Italian & Roman Cavalry

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Carthaginian Skirmishers

Roman Skirmishers

Roman Heavy Infantry

Aufidus R.The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE

Page 22: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Aufidus R.

Spanish & Gallic Cavalry

Italian & Roman Cavalry

Italian & Roman Cavalry

Carthaginian Skirmishers

Roman Skirmishers

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Numidian Cavalry

Gallic & allied infantry HeavyLibyanInfantry

Roman Heavy Infantry

While the Carthaginian skirmishers clash with the Roman skirmishers, they also screen the Carthaginian Gallic & allied infantry which are pushing their center forward into a convex formation. This stretches the Carthaginian line and offers a tempting target for the main body of Roman infantry to attack, thus setting up a trap.

The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE

Page 23: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Spanish & Gallic Cavalry

Italian & Roman Cavalry Italian & Roman

Cavalry

Carthaginian Skirmishers

Roman Skirmishers

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Numidian Cavalry

Gallic & allied infantry

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Roman Heavy Infantry

While the Carthaginian skirmishers clash with the Roman skirmishers, they also screen the Carthaginian Gallic & allied infantry which are pushing their center forward into a convex formation. This stretches the Carthaginian line and offers a tempting target for the main body of Roman infantry to attack, thus setting up a trap.

Aufidus R.The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE

Page 24: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Aufidus R.

Spanish & Gallic Cavalry

Italian & Roman Cavalry Italian & Roman

Cavalry

Carthaginian Skirmishers

Roman Skirmishers

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Numidian Cavalry

Gallic & allied infantry

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Roman Heavy Infantry

Aufidus R.

The skirmishers filter back through their respective armies, allowing the Roman legions to attack the thin Carthaginian center.

The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE

Page 25: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Aufidus R.

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Numidian Cavalry

Spanish & Gallic Cavalry

Gallic & allied infantry

Italian & Roman Cavalry

Italian & Roman Cavalry

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Carthaginian Skirmishers

Roman Skirmishers

As the Roman legionaries press forward, they push back the Carthaginian line….

The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE

Page 26: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Aufidus R.

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Numidian Cavalry

Spanish & Gallic Cavalry

Gallic & allied infantry

Italian & Roman Cavalry

Italian & Roman Cavalry

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Carthaginian Skirmishers

Roman Skirmishers

…. first flattening it out….

The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE

Page 27: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Aufidus R.

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Numidian Cavalry

Spanish & Gallic Cavalry

Gallic & allied infantry

Italian & Roman Cavalry

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Carthaginian Skirmishers

Italian & Roman Cavalry

… and then forcing it back into a concave shape. Meanwhile the Carthaginian cavalry on the left has beaten the opposing Roman cavalry. While some of them continue to pursue the fleeing Roman cavalry, the rest swing around to hit the exposed rear of the Roman line, first driving the Roman skirmishers back into the ranks of the legions.

Roman Skirmishers

The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE

Page 28: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Aufidus R.

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Numidian Cavalry

Spanish & Gallic Cavalry

Gallic & allied infantry

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Carthaginian Skirmishers

Roman Skirmishers

Italian & Roman Cavalry

At the same time, the Libyan infantry on the flanks of the main body of Carthaginian infantry swing around to attack the exposed flanks of the Roman infantry.

The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE

Page 29: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Aufidus R.

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Spanish & Gallic Cavalry

Gallic & allied infantry

Italian & Roman Cavalry

HeavyLibyanInfantry

Carthaginian Skirmishers

With that, the trap is sprung,with the Roman legions surrounded and hemmed in so tight they cannot even raise their arms to defend themselves. From this point on, it was just a massacre.

Numidian Cavalry

The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE

Page 30: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

The ensuing slaughter was probably the worst military defeat in Roman history as Roman soldiers were packed in so tightly they had no room to raise their arms to defend themselves.

Page 31: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Second Punic War•Interwar Developments

• Roman Progress• Carthaginian Progress

•Hannibal’s Success• Hannibal’s Idea• Cross Alps• Military Genius

• Cannae•Slow Defeat of Hannibal

• Siege and Fabian Strategy• Italians mostly stay loyal• Hannibal Roams• Return to North Africa• Scipio (202) and Surrender (201)

Page 32: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

Second Punic War•Interwar Developments

• Roman Progress• Carthaginian Progress

•Hannibal’s Success• Hannibal’s Idea• Cross Alps• Military Genius

• Cannae•Slow Defeat of Hannibal

• Siege and Fabian Strategy• Italians mostly stay loyal• Hannibal Roams• Return to North Africa• Scipio (202) and Surrender (201)

•Effects• Devastation of Carthage• Rome

• Medit Power• Militia to Prof Army• Scipio, Dignitas, Political Power

Page 33: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Two desperate wars vs. Carthage (264-241 & 218-201 B.C.E.) because:

Rome must protect trade of Greeks in S.

Italy

Interest in Sicily which is rich &

very close to Italy

Rome a major naval power controlling Sicily & W. Mediterranean

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 34: Why did Rome become a conqueror?
Page 35: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Two desperate wars vs. Carthage (264-241 & 218-201 B.C.E.) because:

Rome must protect trade of Greeks in S.

Italy

Interest in Sicily which is rich &

very close to Italy

Rome a major naval power controlling Sicily & W. Mediterranean

Rome attacks Carthage & Spanish Celts because:

Carthage had conquered Spain &

used it vs. Rome

Rome still feared Celts & Carthage

after 2 wars

Brutal & treacherous conquest of Carthage & Spain by 133 B.C.E.

Rome drawn into wars vs. Macedon & Seleucid Asia because:

Rome attacks Pirates in Adriatic Mac. attacks Rome

Constant bickering b/w Grks who run to

Rome for help

Rome annexes Macedon, Greece, & Pergamum in Asia Minor by 133 B.C.E

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 36: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Two desperate wars vs. Carthage (264-241 & 218-201 B.C.E.) because:

Rome must protect trade of Greeks in S.

Italy

Interest in Sicily which is rich &

very close to Italy

Rome a major naval power controlling Sicily & W. Mediterranean

Rome attacks Carthage & Spanish Celts because:

Carthage had conquered Spain &

used it vs. Rome

Rome still feared Celts & Carthage

after 2 wars

Brutal & treacherous conquest of Carthage & Spain by 133 B.C.E.

Rome drawn into wars vs. Macedon & Seleucid Asia because:

Rome attacks Pirates in Adriatic Mac. attacks Rome

Constant bickering b/w Grks who run to

Rome for help

Rome annexes Macedon, Greece, & Pergamum in Asia Minor by 133 B.C.E

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 37: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Two desperate wars vs. Carthage (264-241 & 218-201 B.C.E.) because:

Rome must protect trade of Greeks in S.

Italy

Interest in Sicily which is rich &

very close to Italy

Rome a major naval power controlling Sicily & W. Mediterranean

Rome attacks Carthage & Spanish Celts because:

Carthage had conquered Spain &

used it vs. Rome

Rome still feared Celts & Carthage

after 2 wars

Brutal & treacherous conquest of Carthage & Spain by 133 B.C.E.

Rome drawn into wars vs. Macedon & Seleucid Asia because:

Rome attacks Pirates in Adriatic Mac. attacks Rome

Constant bickering b/w Grks who run to

Rome for help

Rome annexes Macedon, Greece, & Pergamum in Asia Minor by 133 B.C.E

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 38: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Two desperate wars vs. Carthage (264-241 & 218-201 B.C.E.) because:

Rome must protect trade of Greeks in S.

Italy

Interest in Sicily which is rich &

very close to Italy

Rome a major naval power controlling Sicily & W. Mediterranean

Rome attacks Carthage & Spanish Celts because:

Carthage had conquered Spain &

used it vs. Rome

Rome still feared Celts & Carthage

after 2 wars

Brutal & treacherous conquest of Carthage & Spain by 133 B.C.E.

Rome drawn into wars vs. Macedon & Seleucid Asia because:

Rome attacks Pirates in Adriatic Mac. attacks Rome

Constant bickering b/w Grks who run to

Rome for help

Rome annexes Macedon, Greece, & Pergamum in Asia Minor by 133 B.C.E

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 39: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Two desperate wars vs. Carthage (264-241 & 218-201 B.C.E.) because:

Rome must protect trade of Greeks in S.

Italy

Interest in Sicily which is rich &

very close to Italy

Rome a major naval power controlling Sicily & W. Mediterranean

Rome attacks Carthage & Spanish Celts because:

Carthage had conquered Spain &

used it vs. Rome

Rome still feared Celts & Carthage

after 2 wars

Brutal & treacherous conquest of Carthage & Spain by 133 B.C.E.

Rome drawn into wars vs. Macedon & Seleucid Asia because:

Rome attacks Pirates in Adriatic Mac. attacks Rome

Constant bickering b/w Grks who run to

Rome for help

Rome annexes Macedon, Greece, & Pergamum in Asia Minor by 133 B.C.E

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 40: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Two desperate wars vs. Carthage (264-241 & 218-201 B.C.E.) because:

Rome must protect trade of Greeks in S.

Italy

Interest in Sicily which is rich &

very close to Italy

Rome a major naval power controlling Sicily & W. Mediterranean

Rome attacks Carthage & Spanish Celts because:

Carthage had conquered Spain &

used it vs. Rome

Rome still feared Celts & Carthage

after 2 wars

Brutal & treacherous conquest of Carthage & Spain by 133 B.C.E.

Rome drawn into wars vs. Macedon & Seleucid Asia because:

Rome attacks Pirates in Adriatic Mac. attacks Rome

Constant bickering b/w Grks who run to

Rome for help

Rome annexes Macedon, Greece, & Pergamum in Asia Minor by 133 B.C.E

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 41: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Two desperate wars vs. Carthage (264-241 & 218-201 B.C.E.) because:

Rome must protect trade of Greeks in S.

Italy

Interest in Sicily which is rich &

very close to Italy

Rome a major naval power controlling Sicily & W. Mediterranean

Rome attacks Carthage & Spanish Celts because:

Carthage had conquered Spain &

used it vs. Rome

Rome still feared Celts & Carthage

after 2 wars

Brutal & treacherous conquest of Carthage & Spain by 133 B.C.E.

Rome drawn into wars vs. Macedon & Seleucid Asia because:

Rome attacks Pirates in Adriatic Mac. attacks Rome

Constant bickering b/w Grks who run to

Rome for help

Rome annexes Macedon, Greece, & Pergamum in Asia Minor by 133 B.C.E

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 42: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Two desperate wars vs. Carthage (264-241 & 218-201 B.C.E.) because:

Rome must protect trade of Greeks in S.

Italy

Interest in Sicily which is rich &

very close to Italy

Rome a major naval power controlling Sicily & W. Mediterranean

Rome attacks Carthage & Spanish Celts because:

Carthage had conquered Spain &

used it vs. Rome

Rome still feared Celts & Carthage

after 2 wars

Brutal & treacherous conquest of Carthage & Spain by 133 B.C.E.

Rome drawn into wars vs. Macedon & Seleucid Asia because:

Rome attacks Pirates in Adriatic Mac. attacks Rome

Constant bickering b/w Grks who run to

Rome for help

Rome annexes Macedon, Greece, & Pergamum in Asia Minor by 133 B.C.E

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 43: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Two desperate wars vs. Carthage (264-241 & 218-201 B.C.E.) because:

Rome must protect trade of Greeks in S.

Italy

Interest in Sicily which is rich &

very close to Italy

Rome a major naval power controlling Sicily & W. Mediterranean

Rome attacks Carthage & Spanish Celts because:

Carthage had conquered Spain &

used it vs. Rome

Rome still feared Celts & Carthage

after 2 wars

Brutal & treacherous conquest of Carthage & Spain by 133 B.C.E.

Rome drawn into wars vs. Macedon & Seleucid Asia because:

Rome attacks Pirates in Adriatic Mac. attacks Rome

Constant bickering b/w Grks who run to

Rome for help

Rome annexes Macedon, Greece, & Pergamum in Asia Minor by 133 B.C.E

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Page 44: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Two desperate wars vs. Carthage (264-241 & 218-201 B.C.E.) because:

Rome must protect trade of Greeks in S.

Italy

Interest in Sicily which is rich &

very close to Italy

Rome a major naval power controlling Sicily & W. Mediterranean

Rome attacks Carthage & Spanish Celts because:

Carthage had conquered Spain &

used it vs. Rome

Rome still feared Celts & Carthage

after 2 wars

Brutal & treacherous conquest of Carthage & Spain by 133 B.C.E.

Rome drawn into wars vs. Macedon & Seleucid Asia because:

Rome attacks Pirates in Adriatic Mac. attacks Rome

Constant bickering b/w Grks who run to

Rome for help

Rome annexes Macedon, Greece, & Pergamum in Asia Minor by 133 B.C.E

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Empire Serious problems (FC.30)

Page 45: Why did Rome become a conqueror?

AFC.29 ROMAN DOMINANCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (264-133 B.C.E.)Strong Roman state ruling Italy

(FC.28)

Roman territory borders new neighbors

New mutual fears &/or chances for conquests

Rome starts or is drawn into new wars

Rome eventually wins those wars

Ambitious genl’s (e.g., Caesar in Gaul & Pompey in Asia) conquer rest of the Mediterranean (FC.31)

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Two desperate wars vs. Carthage (264-241 & 218-201 B.C.E.) because:

Rome must protect trade of Greeks in S.

Italy

Interest in Sicily which is rich &

very close to Italy

Rome a major naval power controlling Sicily & W. Mediterranean

Rome attacks Carthage & Spanish Celts because:

Carthage had conquered Spain &

used it vs. Rome

Rome still feared Celts & Carthage

after 2 wars

Brutal & treacherous conquest of Carthage & Spain by 133 B.C.E.

Rome drawn into wars vs. Macedon & Seleucid Asia because:

Rome attacks Pirates in Adriatic Mac. attacks Rome

Constant bickering b/w Grks who run to

Rome for help

Rome annexes Macedon, Greece, & Pergamum in Asia Minor by 133 B.C.E

PATTERN OF ROMAN EXPANSION

Empire Serious problems (FC.30)

Page 46: Why did Rome become a conqueror?