Post on 07-Mar-2016
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ANATOMY OF CARDIOVASCULER 1
CHODIDJAH
The Heart
Location Thorax between the lungs Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to
the sternum
The Heart: Coverings
Pericardium A superficial fibrous pericardiumA deep two-layer serous pericardium The parietal layer lines the internal surface of the fibrous
pericardium The visceral layer or epicardium lines the surface of the heart
Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium
The Heart: Heart Wall
Three layers Epicardium This serous membrane of smooth outer surface of heart
Outside layerThis layer is the parietal pericardiumConnective tissue layer
MyocardiumMiddle layercomposed of cardiac muscle cellresponsibility for heart contracting
EndocardiumInner layerEndothelium
The Heart: Chambers
Four chambers Atria
Right atrium Left atrium
Ventricles Right ventricle Left ventricle
External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart
Vessels returning blood to the heart include:1. Superior and inferior venae cavae2. Right and left pulmonary veins
Vessels conveying blood away from the heart include:1. Pulmonary trunk, which splits into right and left
pulmonary arteries2. Ascending aorta (three branches)
a. Brachiocephalicb. Left common carotidc. Subclavian arteries
External Heart: Posterior View
Anatomy of Heart: Frontal Section
Atria of the Heart
Atria are the receiving chambers of the heart Each atrium has a protruding auricle Pectinate muscles mark atrial walls Blood enters right atria from superior and inferior
venae cavae and coronary sinus Blood enters left atria from pulmonary veins
Right Atria has inferior vein cava ( valve of inferior vein cava) superior vein cava sinus coronarius osteum (valve of osteum sinus coronarius) cordis minimi veins Pectinati mucle terminalis cristae= tuberculum intervenosum Ovalis fossa Limbus of ovalis fossa Right atrio ventricularis osteum (tricuspidalis) Right Auricula .
Ventricles of the Heart
Right Ventricle has: Pulmonalis trunk (semilunair valve) Papilaris anterior muscle and papillaris posterior
muscle Chorda tendenea Trabecula carnae.
Left ventricle has: Base of the aorta ( posterior, dextra and sinistra
semilunair valve) Left atrioventriculair osteum ( bicuspidalis =
mitralis ) Papilaris muscle Chorda tendenea Trabecula carnaeRight ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunkLeft ventricle pumps blood into the aorta
Coronary Circulation
Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium
The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system Coronary arteries Cardiac veins Blood empties into the right atrium via the
coronary sinus
Coronary Circulation
Branches of ascendens aorta : Right coronary artery Left coronary arteryBranches of Right coronary artery marginalis arteries posterior descendens arteries Supplies blood to the right ventricle . right atrium SA
node and AV node.
Branches of left coronary arteria: circumflex branch anterior descendens arteryLeft coronary arteries: Supplies blood to the left
ventricle and left atrium
circumflex branch supplies blood to lateral side and back of the heart
anterior descendens artery supplies blood to the font of the left side of the heart
Veins : great cardiac vein ( vena cordis magna), posterior vein to left ( Vena posterior ventriculi sinistri), coronary sinus ( Sinus coronarius), and middle cardiac vein ( Vena cordis media) cordis minimi vein ( cardiaca minimi vein) dexter atria oblique atrii sinistri vein Cardiaca anterior vein dexter atria
The Heart: Valves
Four valves Atrioventricular valves between atria and ventricles
Bicuspid valve (left)Tricuspid valve (right)
Semilunar valves between ventricle and arteryPulmonary semilunar valveAortic semilunar valve
The Heart: Valves
Valves open as blood is pumped through Close to prevent backflow
The Heart: Associated Great Vessels Aorta
Leaves left ventricle Pulmonary arteries
Leave right ventricle Vena cava
Enters right atrium Pulmonary veins (four)
Enter left atrium
Pathway of Blood Through the Heart and Lungs
Right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle Right ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary arteries lungs Lungs pulmonary veins left atrium Left atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle Left ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta Aorta systemic circulation
Cardiac Pathology
= Inadequate blood = Angina Pectoris
Branches of the aorta
Glomus caroticus and Sinus caroticus Glomus caroticus
( carotid body): Is a small cluster of
chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the carotid artery, that monitors changes in the oxygen content of the blood and help control respiratory activity
They release a variety of neurotransmitter .
Sinus caroticus is the dilated area to the bifurcation of the common carotid at the level of the superior border of thyrod cartilage
Pulmonary circuitThe blood pathway between the right side of the heart, to the lungs, and back to the left side of the heart.
Systemic circuitThe pathway between the left and right sides of the heart.
Pathway of Blood Through the Heart and Lungs
Right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle Right ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary arteries lungs Lungs pulmonary veins left atrium Left atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle Left ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta Aorta systemic circulation
Blood Circulation
Coronary Circulation: Arterial Supply
Flow Chart of Fetal Circulation
Congenital Heart Disease
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AV Canal) Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
ASD VSD
Complete AVSD
Pulmonary Stenosis Aortic Stenosis
Coartation of the Aorta
The Heart: Conduction System
Sinoatrial node (right atrium) Pacemaker
Atrioventricular node (junction of r&l atria and ventricles)Atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His)Bundle branches (right and left)Purkinje fibers
Impulse passes from atria to ventricles via the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) AV bundle splits into two pathways in the interventricular
septum (bundle branches)1. Bundle branches carry the impulse toward the apex of
the heart2. Purkinje fibers carry the impulse to the heart apex and
ventricular walls
Extrinsic Innervation of the Heart Heart is stimulated by
the sympathetic cardioacceleratory center
Heart is inhibited by the parasympathetic cardioinhibitory center
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulation is activated by stress, anxiety, or exercise
Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) stimulation is mediated by acetylcholine and opposes the SNS
Lokasi proyeksi katub. Jantung:Katub Aorta : ICS II kanan, linea sternalisKatub. Pulmonal : ICS II kiri , linea sternalisKatub. Trikuspid : ICS IV-V linea sternalis kanan- kiriKatub. Mitral : ICS V linea Midclavicularis, 2 cm ke
medial . ( Apex )
BATAS BATAS jantung
BATAS KANAN:ICS V ( cartilago costa VI) Linea sternalis kananBATAS ATAS:ICS II Linea parasternalis kiriBATAS KIRI BAWAH ( APEX CORDIS )ICS V 1- 2 cm disebelah medial linea midclavicularis.PINGGANG JANTUNG:ICS III linea parasternalis kiri.
The Vascular System
Taking blood to the tissues and back Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins
The Vascular System
RETICULAR VEIN