Post on 12-Mar-2020
Analysis of Single Vertical
Tension Cable System
12th, April, 2018. Johannesburg, South Africa.
Speaker: Ellison Wang
Guangdong Kin Long Hardware Products Co., Ltd
Contents
Ⅲ. Case Study
Ⅱ. Single Vertical Tension Cable system Analysis
I. Company Introduction and Products for Unitized Facade &
Stone Facade
Bird view of Kin Long
headquarter
Established: 2003
Area: 250000 sqm
HR: Around: 10000,
Management and technical support: 500
China’s biggest construction hardware manufacturer
KIN LONG Located in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, was established in June
2003. KIN LONG is a large enterprise in the industry of domestic architectural hardware ,
it’s also one of the largest domestic doors ,windows and curtain wall hardware production
enterprises. KIN LONG mainly engaged in research ,development, manufacture ,and
marketing of fittings for mid-high class architectural doors , windows and curtain wall
hardware and metal fittings.
KIN LONG with a successful IPO on the SME board of Shen Zhen Stock Exchange on
March 29, 2016,KIN LONG has become the first 33 listed companies in Dongguan City and
took a new step of KIN LONG HARDWARE. KIN LONG Company is short for KIN
LONG HARDWARE and its stock code is 002791.
Go to stock market in shenzhen 2016
Stock code: 002791
Set up benchmark and strive for excellence
Kin Long Advantage: Integrated different brands and Expanding product line,
One stop solution
Seal and Insulation
system
Intelligent
security anti-
theft lock
Video Intercom
System
Safety
Protection
Products
Series
Fapim
MACO
Smart Window
Control & Shading
Louver system
Spacer
Gilgen
Kin Long & Cooperated BrandsIntegrated supplier
……
Sales Network
China Market: Each province even each big
city have our sales office there
Overseas: Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, India,
Philippine registered branch company
Informatization
Informatization
Platform
KMS
Sibel
Callidus
…
OA
HR
On Air
BI
EBS
E-Learning
Outlook
Standardization Flow process
Thousands of products,
complicated sales organization,
technical support organization
and more and more foreign staffs
work in Kin Long,
how to make everything in order?
Products for Unitized Facade and Stone Facade
Fastening Series
Facades
Stone Curtain
Wall
Customized
Stainless Steel
Connecting
Products
Cast-in Anchor
Channel
Seal and Insulation
system
Expansion
Bolt
Cast In Channels:
Originally developed in Germany, cast in channel is an elegant product in terms of
the application, safety, adding strength, & ease for bolting & anchoring.
Advantage of cast-in channels:
a) To balance the error on measurement caused during site building
(especially on the concrete),
b) To achieve a drill free installation.
c) Accelerate the process of installation. (structural glazing).
Types of cast in channels @ KINLONG:
1)Profile Welded. 2) One piece casted.
Serrated & Non serrated type are also available.
Project Name: Cresta Shopping Center Entrance
Location: Johannesburg
Consultant: FABB+Partners
Sub-contractor: KWIK Fit Glass
Completed time: 2016
Project Name: Mumbai International Airport
Architect: Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
Subcontractor: Permasteelisa
Project Name: China Nanyu International Airport
Elevation Type: Curved and inclined
Structure type: Two abreast vertical cables system
Features of Single Vertical Tension Cable:
1: Simple structure, make whole system looks transparent and elegant.
2: Glass and Stainless Steel perfect combination. (Shows the beauty of Rigid & Soft)
3: Energy-Saving ( Make good use of sunshine, save electricity lighting system)
4: The structure doesn’t occupy too much interior space.
5: Cost is low if elevation is not more than 10 meters
6: Easy Installation. (Find exactly bracket position on top and bottom, then fix tension cable
on top and bottom position, apply pretension force to cable, then assemble spider/clamp on
cable.)
Actually previous projects collection are the strongest
evidence to prove this system safe as they are here for
many years and I will make a simple explanation from
following points
From whole system:
Tension cable is soft, when wind load or
other live load applies to it, this system
can have a big displacement. However,
when the load disappears, the system can
recover to the beginning.
It is because of soft feature, this system
have better anti-seismic and anti-
explosion performance.
In a word, this system just like spring , it
can accommodate most loads.
Glass deflection and Stress checking
We will choose one of biggest glass panel dimension to check.
Refer to:
Glass stress Glass deflection
Kindly Note:
Kinlong is only a hardware expert, we don’t offer glass, for glass, we only offer our
suggestion for customer’s reference. The final decision needto confirm by glass supplier.
Routel/Spider
How to select routel/Spider strong enough
to carry dead weight of glass & negative wind load
on the single arm of spider ???
1.) CALCULATING THE WEIGHT OF GLASS
We consider the biggest panel that is to be used in the façade and
will be the base of our calculation:
W = Height * Width * Thickness * Density (N)
Considering a Glass of Height = 3.00 M,
Width = 1.50 M ,
Thickness = 19.52 mm,
Density = 25.60 (N) .
Weight = 3.0*1.5*19.52*25.60 = 2248.70 (N)
2.) Calculating the DEAD/RADIAL Load.
• The bottom two slotted arms will take the maximum of dead
load in 4 point fixed system
• Dead Load (Fy) = W*Safety factor/2 (no. of arms)
• Fy = (2248.70*1.2)/2 = 1349.22 (N).
3.) Calculating the WIND LOAD/NEGATIVE WIND PRESSURE.
• We consider a negative wind pressure of 2.0 kPA or 2000 Nm2.
• Now, the four points on the glass panel will be the major area under
this pressure.
• SO,
• Fx = Height*Width*Wind pressure (Nm2) / 4 (no of point fixed holes)
• Fx = 3.0*1.5*2000/4 = 2250.00 (N)
Now we have the two Values
(Dead/Radial Load) Fy = 1349.22 (N).
(Wind/ Axial Load) Fx = 2250.00 (N)
So we turn to the Recommended Loading capacity
table for the spiders given in the catalogue.
The ratio of the maximum deflection to the span of the Single - layer flat cable net glass wall should not be bigger than 1/45. The ratio of the maximum deflection to the span after the initial pre-tension state of the curve cable net and the double-layer cable system curtain wall should not be bigger than 1/200.
Tension Cable
Pretension force requirement:
P1=Pretension force P2=Design tension force P3= Minium Breaking Strength
P1=(50%~60%)*P2, P2=P3/2
P1 =(50%~60%)* P3/2
Generally speaking, when bigger pretension force applied to tension cable and bigger
diameter tension cable used, the whole system’s deflection is smaller.
However, it is not economical.
How to choose appropriate cable diameter and pretension force?
The axial tension
force is also the
reaction force from
cable to top and
below cable fix point
So we need design
the concrete or steel
structure strength
enough based on this
reaction force.
Make sure the axial tension force ≤ Minium
breaking strength/2
In sap2000 calculation model, pretension force , cable diameter, cable system deflection and
load combination will form an equation.
Pretension force, cable diameter is variable.
Load combination is fixed factor
Cable system deflection is result
Only when cable system deflection result is closed to span of tension cable/45
The pretension force and cable diameter are best choice.
Conclusion: when glass, flat cap routel, spider, cable and concrete is safe and strong enough,
the whole system is safe.
Corner glass deflection control case—Single Vertical tension cable system
Project information:
Office Building, Vertical tension cable
system, U-Shaped Plan. All elevations
and corners requested to use tension
cable system. Glass wall height: 20m,
Total plan length: 86m. Glass
dimension: 0.9m*3m Glass thickness:
12+12A+12+1.52pvb+12
Problems for design:
1: No steel structure at corner, how to solve corner cable big deflection.
2: How to solve glass breakage because of big deformation caused
squeeze on corner glass.
Solution:
Make tension cable with strut system at two sides
glasses of corner to reduce deflection.
Reduce glass dimension two sides of corner, then reduce
force to cable and then reduce and control cable
deformation.
Corner glass deflection control case—Single Vertical tension cable system