Analysis of Single Vertical

Tension Cable System

12th, April, 2018. Johannesburg, South Africa.

Speaker: Ellison Wang

Guangdong Kin Long Hardware Products Co., Ltd

Contents

Ⅲ. Case Study

Ⅱ. Single Vertical Tension Cable system Analysis

I. Company Introduction and Products for Unitized Facade &

Stone Facade

PART I.Company Introduction and

Products for Unitized Facade & Stone Facade

Bird view of Kin Long

headquarter

Established: 2003

Area: 250000 sqm

HR: Around: 10000,

Management and technical support: 500

China’s biggest construction hardware manufacturer

KIN LONG Located in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, was established in June

2003. KIN LONG is a large enterprise in the industry of domestic architectural hardware ,

it’s also one of the largest domestic doors ,windows and curtain wall hardware production

enterprises. KIN LONG mainly engaged in research ,development, manufacture ,and

marketing of fittings for mid-high class architectural doors , windows and curtain wall

hardware and metal fittings.

KIN LONG with a successful IPO on the SME board of Shen Zhen Stock Exchange on

March 29, 2016,KIN LONG has become the first 33 listed companies in Dongguan City and

took a new step of KIN LONG HARDWARE. KIN LONG Company is short for KIN

LONG HARDWARE and its stock code is 002791.

Go to stock market in shenzhen 2016

Stock code: 002791

Set up benchmark and strive for excellence

Kin Long Advantage: Integrated different brands and Expanding product line,

One stop solution

Seal and Insulation

system

Intelligent

security anti-

theft lock

Video Intercom

System

Safety

Protection

Products

Series

Fapim

MACO

Smart Window

Control & Shading

Louver system

Spacer

Gilgen

Kin Long & Cooperated BrandsIntegrated supplier

……

Sales Network

China Market: Each province even each big

city have our sales office there

Overseas: Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, India,

Philippine registered branch company

Informatization

Informatization

Platform

KMS

Sibel

Callidus

…

OA

HR

On Air

BI

EBS

E-Learning

Outlook

Standardization Flow process

Thousands of products,

complicated sales organization,

technical support organization

and more and more foreign staffs

work in Kin Long,

how to make everything in order?

Products for Unitized Facade and Stone Facade

Fastening Series

Facades

Stone Curtain

Wall

Customized

Stainless Steel

Connecting

Products

Cast-in Anchor

Channel

Seal and Insulation

system

Expansion

Bolt

Cast In Channels:

Originally developed in Germany, cast in channel is an elegant product in terms of

the application, safety, adding strength, & ease for bolting & anchoring.

Advantage of cast-in channels:

a) To balance the error on measurement caused during site building

(especially on the concrete),

b) To achieve a drill free installation.

c) Accelerate the process of installation. (structural glazing).

Types of cast in channels @ KINLONG:

1)Profile Welded. 2) One piece casted.

Serrated & Non serrated type are also available.

Production of the profile welded channels.

Welding Robat

0Slotted Pandent

Stone Facade

Back bolt type stone curtain wall

Ear shape C shape H shape

Tests & Certifications.

PART II.

Single Vertical Tension Cable System Analysis

Project Name: Cresta Shopping Center Entrance

Location: Johannesburg

Consultant: FABB+Partners

Sub-contractor: KWIK Fit Glass

Completed time: 2016

Project Name: Mumbai International Airport

Architect: Skidmore, Owings and Merrill

Subcontractor: Permasteelisa

Project Name: Hung Lung Plaza In Shenyang, China

Building Height: 22 Meters

Cable Diameter: 60mm

Project Name: China Nanyu International Airport

Elevation Type: Curved and inclined

Structure type: Two abreast vertical cables system

Features of Single Vertical Tension Cable:

1: Simple structure, make whole system looks transparent and elegant.

2: Glass and Stainless Steel perfect combination. (Shows the beauty of Rigid & Soft)

3: Energy-Saving ( Make good use of sunshine, save electricity lighting system)

4: The structure doesn’t occupy too much interior space.

5: Cost is low if elevation is not more than 10 meters

6: Easy Installation. (Find exactly bracket position on top and bottom, then fix tension cable

on top and bottom position, apply pretension force to cable, then assemble spider/clamp on

cable.)

Is this single vertical tension cable system safe?

Actually previous projects collection are the strongest

evidence to prove this system safe as they are here for

many years and I will make a simple explanation from

following points

From whole system:

Tension cable is soft, when wind load or

other live load applies to it, this system

can have a big displacement. However,

when the load disappears, the system can

recover to the beginning.

It is because of soft feature, this system

have better anti-seismic and anti-

explosion performance.

In a word, this system just like spring , it

can accommodate most loads.

1: Glass

2: Flat cap routel/Spider

3: Tension Cable

From each component to make sure the safety

Glass deflection and Stress checking

We will choose one of biggest glass panel dimension to check.

Refer to:

As glass panel is supported by 6 points, we

make restraints from these 6 points on glass.

Glass stress Glass deflection

Kindly Note:

Kinlong is only a hardware expert, we don’t offer glass, for glass, we only offer our

suggestion for customer’s reference. The final decision needto confirm by glass supplier.

Routel/Spider

How to select routel/Spider strong enough

to carry dead weight of glass & negative wind load

on the single arm of spider ???

1.) CALCULATING THE WEIGHT OF GLASS

We consider the biggest panel that is to be used in the façade and

will be the base of our calculation:

W = Height * Width * Thickness * Density (N)

Considering a Glass of Height = 3.00 M,

Width = 1.50 M ,

Thickness = 19.52 mm,

Density = 25.60 (N) .

Weight = 3.0*1.5*19.52*25.60 = 2248.70 (N)

2.) Calculating the DEAD/RADIAL Load.

• The bottom two slotted arms will take the maximum of dead

load in 4 point fixed system

• Dead Load (Fy) = W*Safety factor/2 (no. of arms)

• Fy = (2248.70*1.2)/2 = 1349.22 (N).

3.) Calculating the WIND LOAD/NEGATIVE WIND PRESSURE.

• We consider a negative wind pressure of 2.0 kPA or 2000 Nm2.

• Now, the four points on the glass panel will be the major area under

this pressure.

• SO,

• Fx = Height*Width*Wind pressure (Nm2) / 4 (no of point fixed holes)

• Fx = 3.0*1.5*2000/4 = 2250.00 (N)

Now we have the two Values

(Dead/Radial Load) Fy = 1349.22 (N).

(Wind/ Axial Load) Fx = 2250.00 (N)

So we turn to the Recommended Loading capacity

table for the spiders given in the catalogue.

The ratio of the maximum deflection to the span of the Single - layer flat cable net glass wall should not be bigger than 1/45. The ratio of the maximum deflection to the span after the initial pre-tension state of the curve cable net and the double-layer cable system curtain wall should not be bigger than 1/200.

Tension Cable

Pretension force requirement:

P1=Pretension force P2=Design tension force P3= Minium Breaking Strength

P1=(50%～60%)*P2, P2=P3/2

P1 =(50%～60%)* P3/2

Generally speaking, when bigger pretension force applied to tension cable and bigger

diameter tension cable used, the whole system’s deflection is smaller.

However, it is not economical.

How to choose appropriate cable diameter and pretension force?

Kin Long design elevation

Input Load Combination

The axial tension

force is also the

reaction force from

cable to top and

below cable fix point

So we need design

the concrete or steel

structure strength

enough based on this

reaction force.

Make sure the axial tension force ≤ Minium

breaking strength/2

In sap2000 calculation model, pretension force , cable diameter, cable system deflection and

load combination will form an equation.

Pretension force, cable diameter is variable.

Load combination is fixed factor

Cable system deflection is result

Only when cable system deflection result is closed to span of tension cable/45

The pretension force and cable diameter are best choice.

Conclusion: when glass, flat cap routel, spider, cable and concrete is safe and strong enough,

the whole system is safe.

PART II. Case Study

Corner glass deflection control case—Single Vertical tension cable system

Project information:

Office Building, Vertical tension cable

system, U-Shaped Plan. All elevations

and corners requested to use tension

cable system. Glass wall height: 20m,

Total plan length: 86m. Glass

dimension: 0.9m*3m Glass thickness:

12+12A+12+1.52pvb+12

Problems for design:

1: No steel structure at corner, how to solve corner cable big deflection.

2: How to solve glass breakage because of big deformation caused

squeeze on corner glass.

Solution:

Make tension cable with strut system at two sides

glasses of corner to reduce deflection.

Reduce glass dimension two sides of corner, then reduce

force to cable and then reduce and control cable

deformation.

Corner glass deflection control case—Single Vertical tension cable system

Corner glass deflection control case—Single Vertical tension cable system

Please find us outside for more

detailed information about the product.

Thanks !