Post on 29-May-2020
American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association
www.arcsa.orgwww.arcsa.org
Introduction to Rainwater Harvesting
100 Level
Welcome!!
Doug Pushard - ARCSA DirectorDoug Pushard - ARCSA Director
Santa Fe, NM
Doug.Pushard@ARCSA.org
Doug@HarvestH2o.com
• Introduction
• Watershed Stewardship
• Passive Collection
• Rainfall
• Collection from roof to container
Level 100 Agenda
• Collection from roof to container
– For Outdoor Use
– For Indoor Use
• Sanitation
• Maintenance
• Questions
The mission of ARCSA
To promote sustainable rainwater To promote sustainable rainwater
harvesting practices to help solve
potable, nonpotable, stormwater
and energy challenges
throughout the world
ARCSA Education courses
are structured into three levels
"Introduction to Rainwater Harvesting," Level 100, is geared to those who are new to the concept of rainfall capture for use in non-potable applications such as
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use in non-potable applications such as landscape irrigation.
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ARCSA Education courses
are structured into three levels
Level 200: "Rainwater Harvesting Accreditation" course is designed for industry professionals or for those individuals desiring to pursue a career
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individuals desiring to pursue a career in rainwater management. The completion of the Level 200 course is a requirement for attaining accreditation as an ARCSA Accredited Professional.
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ARCSA Education courses
are structured into three levels
ARCSA offers a variety of Level 300 special courses. They are designed to provide specialized knowledge on various industry topics such as piping design, sanitation, pumps and controls, water ecology and
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topics such as piping design, sanitation, pumps and controls, water ecology and other topics. Design and Construction Workshops for all but required to become a “Certified Professional”
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Fresh water is an infinitely
replenishable resource,
but at a finite and
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but at a finite and
variable rate
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Why Harvest Rainwater?
• Reduces the amount of storm water.
• Reduces the reliance on potable water.
• Renewable and sustainable.
• Ground water over pumping. Increased processing
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• Economical saves you money
• Drought manmade or naturally occurring.
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World Population
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Definitions
Rain is liquid precipitation, as opposed to non-liquid kinds of precipitation such as fog, snow, hail and sleet. Rain requires the presence of a thick layer of water vapor in the atmosphere to have temperatures below the dew point that
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have temperatures below the dew point that causes condensation. On Earth, it is the condensation of atmospheric water vapor into drops of water heavy enough to fall as rain, often making it to the surface.
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Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulating and storing, of rainwater collected from the roofs of houses, tents, local institutions and other above ground impervious surfaces. It has been used for potable and non-potable in-home use,
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used for potable and non-potable in-home use, livestock, irrigation, wildlife, firefighting or to refill aquifers in a process called groundwater recharge. Water runoff from the ground, roads, parking lots impervious areas is called Stormwater harvesting.
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Impervious Surfaces
Impervious surfaces are mainly constructed surfaces that are impenetrable by water and contribute to storm water runoff and the heat island effect. Pervious or porous surfacesallow some water infiltration, thereby reducing
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allow some water infiltration, thereby reducing runoff. - USGBC
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Runoff
Runoff is a term used to describe when soil is infiltrated to full capacity with water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources. This is a major component of the water cycle. When runoff flows along the ground, it can pick up soil
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flows along the ground, it can pick up soil contaminants such as petroleum, pesticides (in particular herbicides and insecticides), or fertilizers that pollute water sources. – USGBC
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Stormwater
Stormwater is water that accumulates during precipitation rather than soaking into the ground.
Stormwater runoff is a cause of pollution; water running off of impervious surfaces
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water running off of impervious surfacesaccumulates pollutants such as gasoline, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.) and brings them into water bodies. Stormwater runoff also erodes soil and waterways.
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Stormwater Reduction
Pervious surfaces, stormwater detention systems, or rainwater catchment systemsreduce stormwater runoff.
Stormwater detention systems regulate and control runoff by slowing the rate of discharge to
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control runoff by slowing the rate of discharge to reduce impacts downstream. Stormwater retention systems store water, until it is lost through percolation, evaporation, or is taken up by plants.
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Stormwater Issues
Stormwater is the greatest threat to the health of surface water.
Stormwater is not treated.
Stormwater is directly related to Impervious
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Stormwater is directly related to Impervious Surfaces up stream.
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Residential WastewaterGraywater or Greywater or Gray Water is untreated household wastewater that has not come into contact with toilet waste, including water from:
– Showers
– Bathtubs
– Hand washing lavatories
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– Hand washing lavatories
– Sinks (not used for disposal of hazardous or toxic materials)
– Sinks (not used for food preparation or disposal)
– Clothes-washing machines (excludes diapers and other human excreta)
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Residential Wastewater
Blackwater is wastewater from toilets and urinals and wastewater from preparation sinks.
– Depending on local codes, water from kitchen sinks, showers, and bathtubs may either be considered blackwater or
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either be considered blackwater or graywater.
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Reused, Recycled or
Reclaimed Water
The WateReuse Association defines reused, recycled or reclaimed water as water that is used more than one time before it passes back into the natural water cycle. Thus, water recycling is the reuse of treated wastewater for
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recycling is the reuse of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes such as agricultural and landscape irrigation, industrial processes, toilet flushing, or replenishing a groundwater basin (referred to as groundwater recharge).
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Non-Potable Water
Non-potable water is not fit for consumption without treatment that meets or exceeds EPA drinking water standards. Graywater and rainwater (not disinfected) are non-potable waters that can be used in toilets, for washing
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waters that can be used in toilets, for washing cars, etc. and the use of either reduces the demand for potable water, conserving this vital resource. - USGBC
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Potable Water
Potable water is water suitable for drinking and supplied from wells or municipal water systems. – USGBC
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And properly captured and disinfected rainwater.
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Pervious or Porous Surfaces
Pervious or porous surfaces allow water infiltration, which reduces runoff. One example is an open-grid paving system, which allows space for vegetation – the vegetations’ evapotranspiration reduces the heat island
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evapotranspiration reduces the heat island effect caused by pavement. - USCBC
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Conservation & Efficiency First
• Conservation - change habit patterns
• Efficiency - same habits with less waste • Efficiency - same habits with less waste
• It makes little sense to invest in RWH to augment supply if conservation and efficiency opportunities have not been fully exploited.
Rainwater systems have been
used for centuries.
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Hadrian’s Wall, England
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2929Hadrian’s Wall - Dr. Bill Hunt, NCSU BAE
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Drought - Demand versus Supply
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Lake Lanier, Cumming, GA, September 2007
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Tucson, AZ
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20071904
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Flooding
Reduce Stormwater Runoff
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Improve Water Quality
NPS (non point source) Stormwater Runoff Pollution is the greatest threat to the health of our aquatic systems.
Urbanization Effects on Hydrologic Cycle—Impacts of Impervious Surfaces.
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of Impervious Surfaces.
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Pre Development
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Post Development
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Why is Stormwater a concern?
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Silt and Sediment
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Chemical Contaminants
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Industrial NonPoint Source
Runoff
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Animal Waste
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Slide credit: Tom Blue
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Stream Degradation
Impacts due to urbanization: changes to stream geometry such as stream widening, bank erosion, down cutting, loss of canopy and increase in the floodplain elevation.
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Stream Degradation
Impacts to aquatic habitat
• Degradation of habitat structure
• Loss of pool riffle structure
• Reduction in base flow
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• Increased stream temperature
• Decline in abundance and biodiversity
Urban Watersheds
• Increased stormwater peak flow
• Increased stormwater volume
• Higher nutrient and contaminant loading
• Reduced ground water recharge
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• Stream degradation
• Pollution in lakes
Passive Collection
• Design landscapes to reduce runoff - hold the water - LID
• Water diversions
• Permeable paving
• Bog Gardens
• Green roofs
• Stormwater ponds
• Rain gardens - bio retention
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iowalakesrcd.org
LID - Low Impact Development
LID is increasingly being adopted as an alternative to
traditional water management systems.
LID includes practices such as bio-retention, green
roofs, rainwater harvesting, and permeable pavements.roofs, rainwater harvesting, and permeable pavements.
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Decentralized Urban BMPs
Best Management Practices (BMPs) that are applied
at the source of the stormwater rather than at the outlet
of the conveyance system.
Why? To reduce stormwater volume, flow rate and
pollutants such as animal waste, fertilizer, oils, etc.pollutants such as animal waste, fertilizer, oils, etc.
Example Soil Infiltration Systems
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Components - System Design
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Permeable Pavement
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rvtravel.com
Green Roofs
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Stormwater Ponds
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NCSU BAE
What is a Rain Garden
(Bioretention)?A rain garden is a beautiful
landscape feature consisting
of a planted shallow depression
that collects rainwater runoff
from roofs, parking lots and
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from roofs, parking lots and
other impervious surfaces.
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iowalakesrcd.orgcmhc-schl.gc.ca
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UGA Rain Garden
Rain gardens are a relatively new innovation for landscapes. They are designed to capture and
absorb storm water run-off flowing across landscapes. Rain Garden are an example of a home
landscape garden that helps us recycle water by returning it to our groundwater reserves. Our
design includes a beautifully-shaped retention area containing and bordered by various
perennials that are adapted to extremes in soil moisture. UGA.edu
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www.caes.uga.edu/campus/griffin/garden/RainGarden.htm
Rain Garden - Texas StyleMenard, Texas
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Rain Garden Resources
www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/raingarden_design/links.htm
How to Design a Rain Garden
• American Horticultural Society Heat Zone Map - www.ahs.org/pdfs/05_heat_map.pdf
• American Horticultural Society USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map - www.ahs.org/pdfs/USDA_Map_3.03.pdf
• Georgia - Athens/Clarke County - Rain Garden - www.accstormwater.com/publicinfo/Build_a_Rain_Garden.pdf
• Georgia - Clean Water Campaign - How to design a rain garden - www.cleanwatercampaign.com/html/636.htm• Georgia - Clean Water Campaign - How to design a rain garden - www.cleanwatercampaign.com/html/636.htm
• Michigan - Rain Gardens of West Michigan - www.raingardens.org
• North Carolina - Cooperative Extension www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/raingarden
• Rain Garden Network - www.raingardennetwork.com
• Tennessee - The Harpeth River Rain Gardens for Backyards - www.harpethriver.org/backyard_raingardens.html
• Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin Extension - http://clean-water.uwex.edu/pubs/home.htm
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Rain Barrels - Make it Right! 5 basics to make your own:
1. Dark - minimize UV
2. Locking lid - safety
3. Food grade barrel or
new barrel
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new barrel
4. Screen ports and
openings
5. Adequate overflow
Lots of Barrel Options
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www.ne-design.net
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Questions?
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