Post on 29-Jul-2018
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2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
The Europe-USInternational
Aviation Safety Conference
2005
‘Aviation Safety Regulation – Setting the Sights for the Future’
ERICA:The EUROPEAN TILTROTOR
Marco CICALE’AGUSTA Coordinator of the ERICA Projects
22005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
SUMMARY
THE ERICA TILTROTOR•Its innovative solutions•Architecture•Performance
CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS•Tiltaero, Adyn, Act-Tilt, Dart, Trysid
The VTOL Aircraft in the ATM•The Public Acceptance•New Regulations•Airport Operations
32005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
WHY TILTROTOR?
AIRPORT CONGESTIONAIRPORT CONGESTION
Airport Expansion
Airport Efficiency
Improvement•Space•Environment•Social Impact
42005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
INNOVATIVE DESIGN
TILT WING TILTROTOR
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ERICA LAYOUT
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INNOVATIVE DESIGN
Structural Continuity of Tilting Mechanism
Small Rotor Diameter
Tiltable Wing
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Small rotor diameter:8improved safety: landing in a/c mode
8enhanced flight envelope (whirl flutter delayed )
8reduction of systems weight (rotors and wing)
8increased efficiency and speed in A/C mode
8higher productivity
8higher versatility (aircraft mode take-off capability)
INNOVATIVE DESIGN
82005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Tiltable Wing
8 improved performance in helicopter mode (low down-load)
8 reduction of rotor diameter permissible8 conversion corridor enlargement (improve HQ)
8 improved H/C mode autorotation capability (improve HQ)
8 slight weight penalties
INNOVATIVE DESIGN
92005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Rotor tilting mechanism structurally continuous
8Simplification of System
8Nacelle’s Rotation SynchronisingMechanism no longer necessary
8Safety & Reliability Improved
INNOVATIVE DESIGN
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ConversionMode
Nacelle Angle
90o
0o
Helicopter Mode
Aeroplane Mode
INNOVATIVE DESIGN
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Point to Point Connection5% Hover - 95% Cruise
Productivity +30% of present T/RHigh Speed (350Kts)
High Range (650NM)19 - 22 Pax
Cruise at high altitude (7500 m)
VTOW 10000 kg-STOW 11000 kgAdaptability to different roles
•Search & Rescue•Paramilitary•Medevac•VIP•Corporate
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
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PERFORMANCE
COMPARISON
FLIGHT ENVELOPE
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
SPEED (Kts)
ALT
ITU
DE
(m)
ERICA
CONVENTIONAL T/R
HELICOPTER
• Power limits
• Wing stall limits
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132005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
SUMMARY
THE ERICA TILTROTOR•Its innovative solutions•Architecture•Performance
CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS•Tiltaero, Adyn, Act-Tilt, Dart, Trysid
The VTOL Aircraft in the ATM•The Public Acceptance•New Regulations•Airport Operations
142005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
TRISYDTRISYDDRIVE SYSTEM & DRIVE SYSTEM &
TILTING MECHANISMSTILTING MECHANISMS
TILT ROTOREuropean Critical
Technology Projects
DARTDARTADVANCED ROTOR ADVANCED ROTOR
FOR TILT ROTORFOR TILT ROTORACT_TILTACT_TILT
CONTROL SYSTEM CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TILT ROTORFOR TILT ROTOR
ADYNADYNTILT ROTOR DYNAMICS TILT ROTOR DYNAMICS
AND NOISEAND NOISE
EUROPEAN CTP
TILTAEROTILTAEROINTERACTIONALINTERACTIONALAERODYNAMICSAERODYNAMICS
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• All the projects are running (2000-2006)
• NICE-TRIP FP6 (2006-2010)
Main Partners:AGUSTAWESTLAND
EUROCOPTER(Aerospace Industries/
Research Centres/Univerities…)
COSTS38.5 Meuro
(co-funded by EU)
EUROPEAN CTP
162005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
TILT -Rotor Interactional AEROdynamics
PURPOSE
4Validation and improvement of existing CFD tools
4Design, manufacturing and testing of a large scale powered half-span mock-up (Mach scaled)
4Feasibility studies for the design of a powered full-span mock-up
TILTAERO
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Tiltrotor Acoustics, DYnamics and Noise
�Wind Tunnel Tests with the same TILTAERO model to study:
o Performanceo dynamicso noise
ADYN
PURPOSE
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ADYN
Carlo L. Bottasso, Lorenzo Trainelli, "Aeroelastic Analysis of Tilt-Rotors Using Finite Element Multibody Procedures", Dipartimento di Ingegneria
Aerospaziale, Politecnico di Milano, 2002.
TheThewhirl flutterwhirl flutterinstabilityinstability
ADYN
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Active Control Technology for TILT -rotor
� Define the architecture of the ERICA Flight Control System (Flight by Wire / Flight by Light )
� Define new Control Laws for the ERICA flight envelope considering also the additional degree of freedom of the tiltable wing
� Validate, through pilot in the loop simulation, the new Control Laws
PURPOSE
ACT-TILT
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+ Tiltable Wing degree of freedom
ACT-TILT
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EC
UoL
NLR
DLR
WHL
HANDLING QUALITIES ASSESSMENT
ACT-TILT
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Development of an Advanced Rotor for Tiltrotor
� Design, manufacturing and test a new FULL SCALE hub,following the dynamic requirements of the ERICA tiltrotor
� Define and optimise the thecnology process
PURPOSE
DART
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Tilt-Rotor Integrated drive SYstemDevelopment
� Design, manufacturing and test a new drive system for the ERICA tiltrotor
� Define the technology for the conversion systems
� Define monitoring systems (HUMS) to reach the safety requirements of the ERICA project
PURPOSE
TRISYD
1
23
4
56
7
8
1
231
23
4
5
4
56
7
8
6
7
8
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Nacelle integration
TRISYD
Lubrication Test
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Preparation for the 6 th FRAMEWORKPreparation for the 6 th FRAMEWORK
� INTEGRATION OF THE TECHNOLOGIES IN A WHIRL TOWER TEST + POWERED SCALED WIND TUNNEL MODEL
� AGUSTA-WESTLAND AND EUROCOPTER WILL BE THE LEADER OF THE INTEGRATED PROJECT
� MANY OTHER INDUSTRIES, RESEARCH CENTRE AND UNIVERSITIES WILL BE ALSO INVOLVED (EUROPEAN AND NOT)
6th FRAMEWORK PGM
262005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
SUMMARY
THE ERICA TILTROTOR•Its innovative solutions•Architecture•Performance
CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS•Tiltaero, Adyn, Act-Tilt, Dart, Trysid
The VTOL Aircraft in the ATM•The Public Acceptance•New Regulations•Airport Operations
272005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
TILTROTOR IN ATM� THE TILTROTOR (T/R) AS THE SOLUTION FOR THE
CONGESTION PROBLEM
� T/R CAN OPERATE IN ALL WEATHER CONDITIONS FROM AIRPORTS OR VERTIPORTS STRATEGICALLY LOCATED TO PROVIDE CONVENINET ACCESS TO OTHER TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS(TRAIN STATIONS, HIGHWAYS…)
� VERTIPORTS: NEW ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS CENTERS
� T/R CAN PROVIDE AIR SERVICE INTO HUB AIRPORTS TO FE ED THE LARGER, LONG DISTANCE AIRCRAFT (A ROLE THAT COMMUTER TURBOPROPS PLAY TODAY)
� T/R COULD DISPLACE A LARGE PERCENTAGE OF THE SMALL AIRPLANE FLIGHTS AND FREE UP THE SLOTS FOR LARGER AIRCRAFT
� PART OF THE MONEY USED FOR NEW AIRPORTS COULD BE USED TO DEVELOP THE T/R SYSTEM: IT WOULD COST LESS
� MORE OPTIONS FOR PASSENGERS DEPARTURES
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TILTROTOR IN ATM
PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE
AIRPORT OPERATIONS
NEW REGULATIONSCONNECTED
WITH THE NEW TECHNOLOGY
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PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE
PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE
ACOUSTIC VIRTUAL NOISE (Non Acoustic)
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PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE
ACOUSTIC CAUSES
� Rotors noise
� Fountain effect (T/R)
� Main rotor wake/tail rotor interaction (H/C)
� Blade vortex interactions (BVI)
SOLUTIONS
� Tiltable Wing (T/R)
� Present studies on the reduction of BVI
� Active blade controls (flaps, HHC, IBC…)
� Flying at heights greater than today (3000 ft above cities; 5000 ft above rural areas)
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312005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE
VIRTUAL NOISE
Is the helicopter (T/R) safe?
Is it controllable?
Perceived intrusion
Different noise respect to the more common fixed wing noise
Increase of the level of dB:
+15/20 dB(A)
SOLUTIONS
� Publicity Campaigns (Industries, Operators, Associa tions…)
� Better public relations: understand the concerns & needs of each other
� Heliports in noisy area
� Re-routing, increase of flyover heights, operationa l procedures
The Community Says:
322005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
NEW RULES
THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF THE TILTROTOR NEEDS NEW REGULATIONS
� Nacelle Tilting Mechanism
� Flight Quality Requirements in the Conversion Corridor
� Flight Quality Requirements with FBW System
� Handling Qualities Criteria
� Emergency Conditions (Cat. A, …)
� Flight Deck Design
� Pilot Licence
332005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
NEW RULES
DESIGN FLT TEST TEST RESULTS PROOF OF COMP.
LIMITED OPERATIONAL CERTIFICATION
CERTIFICATION BASIS
CERIFICATION PROCESS
( FTE F. Paolucci (ENAC), FTP Maj. G. Cito (ITAF) )
Iterative Certification Process for a Live Certification Basis
342005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
AIRPORT OPERATIONS
�Objective : Remove IFR R/C & T/R from runway traffic by using their specific, non dependent, procedures
• Advantages :� for the pilot: shortened approaches (time / fuel
savings)� for the controller: removes “slow traffic” from
RWY approach (easier A/C-R/C-T/R separation) � for airport neighbours: less noise thanks to
higher approach routes and steep final leg� for airport authorities: adds movements without
contribution to RWY congestion (passenger throughput)
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AIRPORT OPERATIONS
HLeaving ILS when
RWY in sight
Visual Manoeuvre
Standard Separation
A/C Separation
H R/C SeparationR/C Go-around
Current ILS Procedure Current ILS Procedure
SNI SNI
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AIRPORT OPERATIONS
• Combined use of Helicopters and Tilt-Rotors for Hub Feeder operations can increase passenger throughput
SNI potential for future R/C operations SNI potential for future R/C operations
� NASA / Boeing Studies
+20% to + 30% passenger throughput
Provides 50% as much delay reduction as a new runway
(NASA study)
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372005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
OPEN QUESTIONS
1. Which are the actions that Industries, Operators, Associations, Regulations Agencies should give themselves in orde r to reach the goal of the introduction of the VTOL aircraft i n the ATM?
2. In the case of an SNI approach, what should be th e minimum separation with the other traffic?
3. What is the required navigational performance of the SNI approach procedure and how sensitive is this proced ure to items as weather, system failures…?
4. What are the requirements in terms of visually ac quiring, observing and guiding rotary-wing traffic to separa te them from other IFR fixed-wing traffic by the control tower?
5. Does the traffic controller need special equipmen t, algorithms, etc. in order to reduce the mental stress or the co nflict-solving predictive capability?
6. What about the new regulations connected with the new technology (Nacelle Tilting Mech., Conversion, HQ, …) ?
7. …
382005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
� THE AGUSTA ADVANCED TILTROTOR ERICA IS A STEP FORWARD FOR THE AIR TRANSPORT
� THE RUNNING CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROJECTS ALLOW TO REINFORCE THE EUROPEAN KNOWLEDGE IN THE DOMAIN
� THE 6th EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK PROGRAMWILL CONTRIBUTE TO THIS GLOBAL OBJECTIVE WITHIN A LARGE PARTNERSHIP
� INDUSTRIES, OPERATORS, ASSOCIATIONS, REGULATION AGENCIES SHOULD GIVE THEIR EFFORT IN ORDER TO INTRODUCE THE VTOL IN THE ATM
CONCLUSIONS
392005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
WELCOME ON BOARD