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How AI Can Help People Be More Productive at Work

AI in the Workplace

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A Brief History of AI

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Dartmouth Workshop 1956

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every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it .

"machines will be capable, within twenty years, of doing any work a man can do.”

Herbert Simon (1965)

“In from three to eight years we will have a machine with the general intelligence of an average human being.”

Marvin Minsky (1970)

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An AI Timeline

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1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2010 20202000

Birth of AI

• Information Theory – digital signals• Cybernetics – thinking machines• The Turing Test• Symbolic reasoning

• Limited computer processing power• Limited database capacity • Limited networking capabilities• Real-world problems are complicated

- Image processing / face recognition- Combinatorial explosion

AI Winter

• Expert Systems (knowledge) • Neural networks make a comeback • Optical character recognition• Speech recognition

• Disappointing results• Collapse of dedicated hardware vendors

• Machine learning• Deep learning – pattern analysis / classification

- Big data: large databases - Fast processors to crunch data- High-speed networks

Focus on Specific ‘Intelligence’ Focus on Specific Problems

AI Winter II

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Where Are We Today?

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Machine Learning

Results

Key Elements of Contemporary AI

AI Achievements are Impressive

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But, AI Has Not Achieved the Original Vision

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The Goals of AI Have Evolved

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Emulate humans Assist / replace humans for dedicated applications

So Today, AI Is Effective When….

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All relevant data is available to consider

The desired outcome is predictable

The rules are clear

AI in CollaborationPlatform Vendors Embrace AI Bots

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Example/Pizza Ordering Bot

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• Pizza size – M, L, XL• Pizza toppings

- Onions- Peppers- Tomatoes- ….

• Delivery address• Delivery time• Method of payment

A Modern Approach to AI

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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

To build human-like capabilities into autonomous technological systemssuch as a computer or robot

Douglas Engelbart, 1962

Intelligence Augmentation (IA)

To increasing the capability of a person to approach a complex problem situation, to gain comprehension to suit their particular needs, and to derive solutions to problems.”

Douglas Engelbart, 1962

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Artificial Intelligence vs. Intelligence Augmentation

AI Puts Technology at the Core IA Puts Humanity at the Core

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Example:Email-based Topic Computing

Information Delivered the Way the Brain Works

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Many DisconnectedCloud Apps

• Singular proper nouns (NNP) becomes topic candidates, excluding dates, numbers, locations and people’s names

• First word algorithm (matched against common dictionary)

• Capitalized nouns are included

Natural Language Processing (NLP) Example Part of Speech

• How often does a topic appear in different sources (i.e. apps)?

• How many times does a topic appear in a given app?

• When was the last time the topic appeared?

• How often does the topic appear for my colleagues?

• How much have my colleagues interacted with a specific topic?

Machine Learning Example

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People and technology work best, when they work together

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Thank You