AGE OF JACKSON

The rise of Jacksonian Democracy

Jackson’s Legacy???“Champion of the

Common Man”“King Andrew”

Who was Andrew Jackson?• Born March 15, 1767 to

parents who immigrated from Ireland

• Believed to be the first president born in a log cabin

• His father was killed in a logging accident before Andrew was born

• Was a westerner (raised in Tennessee)

• Grew up extremely poor

Who was Andrew Jackson?• He and his brother

contracted smallpox while held prisoner by the British; his brother died

• His mother served as a nurse to the prisoners aboard the British war ship; she contracted cholera and died

• Andrew Jackson was an orphan by the age of 14

• Joined a militia during the American Revolution at the age of 13

• He and his brother Robert were captured by the British and held aboard a warship

• Andrew’s face was slashed by a redcoat officer after he refused to shine the officer’s shoes

Who was Andrew Jackson?• Became a country lawyer

in Tennessee• Joined the military in 1801

and fought during the War of 1812

• Became a national war hero for his leadership and victory at the Battle of New Orleans

• Was an Indian fighter on the western frontier

Who was Andrew Jackson?• Became a well-respected

politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1796), U.S. Senate (1797), Tennessee Supreme Court Judge (1798-1804)

• Was a planter, slave owner, and merchant at his home The Hermitage, near Nashville, Tennessee

The Hermitage

Who was Andrew Jackson?• He was hot-tempered

and had been involved in many duels throughout his life

• He was a gambler who would bet on anything

• The first presidential assassination attempt was made on President Jackson

Who was Andrew Jackson?• Married to Rachel Jackson,

who had previously been married to another man

• People treated Rachel very badly, and Andrew had lots of enemies because of the unfair treatment of his wife

• Rachel died in 1828, two weeks after Jackson was elected president

• He believed she died of a broken heart

Who was Andrew Jackson?• Andrew Jackson

had the nickname of “Old Hickory”• Why? It was

believed that he was as tough as an old hickory stick (nothing could break him)

Election of 18241. Four men ran for president in 1824

John Quincy Adams

Andrew Jackson

William Crawford

HenryClay

Election of 1824• Results

Election of 18242. No one wins enough electoral votes to be named the winner• So who decides the winner?–House of Representatives

• Who did they choose?–John Quincy Adams

Election of 18243. Jackson accuses Adams and Clay of a “corrupt bargain”• Henry Clay was Speaker of the

House and supported Adams for President• Adams named Clay as the Secretary

of State

Political Changes in the 1820s

               

FederalistsWhigs

Democratic-RepublicansDemocratsas

Election of 1828Andrew Jackson easily defeats John Quincy Adams to become the 7th president of the U.S.

Executive Branch 1828President Andrew Jackson Vice President John C. Calhoun

Democratic Changes Under Jackson

• Voting Rights–States

eliminated the requirement of property ownership, so white males over 21 could vote

• Choosing a President–Nominating conventions were held

within political parties, giving the people more choice in who their candidate was

Democratic Changes Under Jackson

• Campaigning Methods–Candidates held

rallies, dinners, and public meetings; ordinary citizens were even invited to Jackson’s inauguration

Democratic Changes Under Jackson

Spoils System• Causes–President should be the voice of the

common people–Supporters of Jackson were appointed

to government positions–Permanent government officials led to

office corruption

• Effects–Average citizens had more voice in

government–Rewarded for their loyalty because

they cared about Jackson’s agenda–Changed people holding office more

frequently to prevent corruption

Spoils System

Jacksonian Democracy• Causes–End of property qualifications for

voters–Spoils system–New forms of campaigning

• Effects–Expanded suffrage–Aimed to eliminate corruption caused

by the rich–Politics became accessible to the

ordinary person

Jacksonian Democracy

Nullification

Nullification

Jackson vs. Native Americans• Before he was president, Andrew Jackson spent time

on the western frontier fighting various Indian tribes• He proposed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, to move

all tribes west of the Mississippi River– The Native Americans would agree to move west in

exchange for money, rifles and provisions from the federal government

– The Cherokee refused this proposal and remained in Georgia, claiming they were a nation separate from that of the United States

• Georgia passed a law in 1830 forbidding white people from living among the Indians without a license from the governor–Samuel Worcester was a Christian

missionary living among the Indians and was put in prison for 4 years–He sued to obtain his freedom, and his case

went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court

Jackson vs. Native Americans

• Worcester v. Georgia (1832) ruling from Chief Justice John Marshall–The Cherokee were their own community

(nation)–The laws of Georgia had no force on

Cherokee lands–Thus, Worcester should be set free and the

Cherokee should be left alone by the state of Georgia

Jackson vs. Native Americans

• Jackson ignored this ruling and forced the Cherokee to move west of the Mississippi River anyway!–In 1837, federal troops escorted 16,000

Cherokee Indians during the harsh winter to their new home in “Indian Territory” (now Oklahoma)–¼ died from starvation, freezing, and

sickness

Jackson vs. Native Americans

• The 800-mile journey of the Cherokee was known as the “Trail of Tears”

Jackson vs. Native Americans

Trail of Tears

• Describe the differences between the land the Cherokee lived on in Georgia and the land they were forced on to in Oklahoma.

THOUGHT SPOT

Georgia Landscape

Oklahoma Landscape

Pre-AP Analysis

• Complete an APARTY analysis of this political cartoon (need handout)

• Turn to the back of your packet.• Read the information regarding

your assignment.• Due Thursday, February 14th

Pre-AP Assignment

Jackson vs. National Bank• The National Bank was created by Alexander

Hamilton in 1796 with the purpose of:–Organizing the federal government’s money–Allowing the Federalists to control who

received loans from the government• Challenges to the National Bank were

dismissed by the Supreme Court, who gave validity to it in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

• Andrew Jackson hated the bank for the following reasons–Thought the bank was too powerful–It gave advantages to people who were

already rich instead of the poor–Believed only states should be able to

charter banks within their borders – not the federal government

Jackson vs. National Bank

• Jackson decides to “destroy the monster”–1832 – He vetoed the charter extension of

the National Bank–1836 – The charter officially expired–1841 – The National Bank went bankrupt

• Many felt that Jackson overstepped his bounds in dealing with the National Bank, as he ignored the Supreme Court’s ruling

Jackson vs. National Bank

Jackson vs. National Bank

Life After the Presidency• Actual picture of

Andrew Jackson one year before his death (in 1844)

• Never remarried…died alone, in massive debt, and in his home, The Hermitage, which was falling apart

So just who is Andrew Jackson?

• War Hero?

• Champion of the Common Man?

So just who is Andrew Jackson?

• King Andrew?

So just who is Andrew Jackson?

BEFORE THE TARDY BELL RINGS• Have out the following items on your desk:–Andrew Jackson notes–One sheet of notebook paper–Writing utensil (already sharpened, ready to

write, etc.)–NOTHING ELSE (no books, binders, etc.)–If you are out of your seat and not ready to

begin class when the bell rings, you will be counted as tardy

What do YOU think?Was Jackson a the “Military Hero,” Champion

of the Common Man,” or “King Andrew”? • You need to write one page explaining your

thoughts on this topic.• Support your choice with at least 3 good

reasons.• Remember…the more you support your

feelings, the better your grade will be. Make your decision and support it.