Post on 24-Jan-2016
African GovernmentsKenya and South AfricaSS7CG2aThe structure of modern government in Africa
IMPORTANT VOCABULARY PLEASE WRITE THESE DOWN:• Republic ~ government using and following constitution. Personal rights
are respected and cannot be taken away. • Constitutional republic ~a state where the head of state and other
officials are elected as representatives of the people, and must govern according to existing constitutional law. Also, powers are separated. (Ex. U.S.A.)
• Head of state(H.O.S or C.O.S)~ the chief public representative or ceremonial representative of a country who may also be the head of government (President, Prime Minister, etc.)
• Head of Government (H.O.G) ~ is the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government
• President~ chief executive officer of a government; also the head of state.
• Personal freedoms~ freedom of expression, freedom of movement, freedom of press, etc...
3 main ways governments distribute, or share, power . . .
1. federal2. unitary3. confederation
Definition: Central government holds power and shares with regional (if they want)
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
UNITARY GOVERNMENT
Definition: power is SHARED between central government and regional governments
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Central
Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Definition: Regional has MORE power and shares w/central
CONFEDERAL GOVERNMENT
AUTOCRATIC rule by one
OLIGARCHIC rule by the few
DEMOCRATIC rule by all
CountryType of
Govt
Head of State/Head
ofGovernme
nt(HOS, HOG)
Who Can Vote?
Degree of Personal
Freedom for Citizens
Year of
Independence from Colonial
Rule
Kenya
SouthAfrica
Republic of Kenya
Country Type of Government
Republic of Kenya
Republic, with one-house legislature called the National Assembly
Country Head of State
Republic of KenyaKenya had a presidential democracy until the election of 2007. The position of prime minister was established. NOW they have a President=Head of StatePM=Head of Govt.
CountryWho Can Vote
Republic of Kenya
All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote
CountryDegree of Personal Freedom for
Citizens
Republic of Kenya
Freedoms are written into constitution but gov’t is dominated by the president. There have been improvements in rights recently.
Limited freedom of speech and press and criticism of govt
Country Type of Governmen
t
Head of State
Who Can Vote
Degree of Personal
Freedom for Citizens
Year of Independence from Colonial
Rule
Republic of Kenya
Republic, with one-house legislature called the National Assembly
Kenya had a presidential form of democracy until the election of 2007. The position of prime minister was established. President=Chief of StatePM=Head of Govt.
All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote
Freedoms are written in the constitution. The new constitution guaranteed many freedoms:freedom of expression, freedom of movement, and freedom from discrimination
In 1963 from Great Britain
Republic of South Africa
Country Type of Government
Republic of South Africa
Republic, with two-house National Assembly (parliamentary)
Country Type of Governmen
t
Head of State
Republic of South Africa
Republic, with two-house National Assembly
President is the HOS and is elected by the National Assembly (legislature) President answers to the National Assembly and may Only serve two five year terms.
Country Type of Governmen
t
Head of State
Who Can Vote
Republic of South Africa
Republic, with two-house National Assembly
President elected by the National Assembly
All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote
CountryDegree of Personal Freedom for Citizens
Republic of South Africa
Personal Freedoms are numerous. (similar to USA)The constitution ensures equality before the law and prohibits discrimination. It guarantees the right to life, privacy, property, freedom, and security of the person, and freedom of speech, religion, assembly and association.It prohibits slavery and forced labor.
Country Year of Independence from Colonial Rule
Republic of South Africa South Africa became independent from Great Britain in 1910. The racially segregated government ended in 1994 when majority rule was established.
Kenya
South Africa
Literacy Rate of AfricaSS7CG3a: Compare how various factors, including gender, affect access to education in Kenya
Where does Africa Stand?
South Africa Literacy
• What percentage of the population over the age of 15 can read and write?
• •93%
• •How long are students expected to stay in school?
• •Most students drop out of school when they are 13 years old.
South African Schools
Kenya
• Literacy Rate is 85%• Government has been improving education as a
priority . • Programs for building schools.• Eliminate fees for children to attend school.
• 85% attend elementary school• 24% attend high school• 2% college (post high school)
• Large gap between literacy rate of girls and boys.• 91% Boys• 79% Girls
• School attendance is much high for boys than girls.• Overall attendance drops in rural areas.• It is felt boys need education for better jobs, girls only need to
prepare for marriage.
Kenya Schools
AIDS in Africa
SS7CG3 The student will analyze how politics in Africa impacts standard of living.
b. Describe the impact of government stability on the distribution of resources to combat AIDS and famine across Africa.
Video Clip
AIDS in Africa: No More
Fast Facts
Between 1999 and 2000 more people died of AIDS in Africa than in all the wars on the continent.
The year 2000 began with 24 million Africans infected with the virus.Each day, 6,000 Africans die from AIDS.
Each day, an additional 11,000 are infected.
Fast Facts ContinuedIn 2007… 32.8 million living with HIV 2.5 million new infections of HIV 2 million deaths from AIDS Over two-thirds of HIV cases, and some 80% of deaths, were in
Sub-Saharan Africa.
AIDS and Government StabilityDescribe the impact of government stability on the distribution of resources to combat AIDS and famine across Africa.
• In highly affected regions, HIV/AIDS also places huge strains on state institutions and the economy. • AIDS most frequently strikes at the most productive members
of society, those 15-45 years old. • Their deaths have left Africa with over 11 million orphans
• Number of deaths and infection rate to increase over the next 10 years• Therefore, the acute impact of the AIDS pandemic may result
in the widespread economic and political destabilization of societies, states, and entire regions.
WHY?• Poor health care systems, poverty, and lack of government
organization • Lack of knowledge about the disease and its prevention• Antiretroviral drugs that are able to slow down the progress of
the disease are expensive
What is Africa doing to help combat AIDS?• HIV prevention campaigns• Distribution of Safe Sex Materials• Voluntary HIV counseling and testing • Antiretroviral drugs to prevent mother to child transmission
Famine in Africa
• Famine is caused by the shortage or inability of people to obtain food. • Many African countries face famine today
because:• Climate changes• Political conflict which disrupts farming• Poor prices for African goods on world market• Poorly organized or corrupt governments• Disease
Video Clip
Famine in Africa only show 3 or 4 minutes (important)
AIDS and FamineDescribe the impact of government stability on the distribution of resources to combat AIDS and famine across Africa. • If people are sick, what happens?• Aids kills young adults, especially women - the people whose labor is
most needed. When the rains come, people must work 16 hours a day planting and weeding the crop. If that critical period is missed, the family will go hungry. In a community depleted by Aids, each working adult must produce more to feed the same number of dependents - not just children but sick adults, too.
• Just as HIV destroys the body's immune system, the epidemic of HIV and Aids has disabled African countries.
• As a result of HIV, the worst-hit African countries have undergone a social breakdown that is now reaching a new level: African societies' capacity to resist famine is fast eroding.
• Hunger and disease have begun reinforcing each other.
What can you do?