ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Aji R Lal

Where We’re Going

• Basics of Administrative Law

• Federal Agency Rules

• Federal Agency Decisions

• State Agency Rules and Decisions

• Helpful Hints

• Summary

BASICS OF

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Agencies Defined

• Creations of the legislature

• Authorized to carry out specific duties:

– Issue rules and regulations

– Adjudicate claims and disputes

– Enforce and administer machinery of

government

Two Types of Agencies

• Executive

– May not act independently of executive

– Head serves at pleasure of executive

• Independent

– May act independently

– Head appointed by executive and serves for fixed term

Department of Agriculture

- Agricultural

Research

Service

- Farm Service

Agency

- Forest Service

-Rural

DevelopmentSource: www.gmi.edu/~jhuggins/ pics/farm.gif

Source: www.xcskiracer.com/irs.html

Source: www.xcskiracer.com/irs.html

Department of Interior

- Fish & Wildlife Service

- Geological Survey

- National Park Service

- Bureau of IndianAffairs

- Bureau of Land Management

- Bureau of Reclamation

Source: www.public-health.uiowa.edu/…/0039.htm

Multiple Levels

FEDERAL STATE LOCAL

Banking (FDIC) Liquor Control

Board

Division of

Animal Control

Labor (NLRB,

OSHA)

Board of

Governors of

the State Bar

Parks &

Recreation

Department

Tax (IRS) Gambling

Commission

City Planning

Department

Environment

(EPA)

Fish & Wildlife

Commission

Examiner of

Floating Homes

Governing Laws

• Federal Register Act of 1935, 44 U.S.C. §§

1501 et seq. (2000)

• Administrative Procedure Act of 1946

(APA), 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq. (2000)

– § 553 Rulemaking

– § 554 Adjudications

Charles Evans

Hughes

_____________

Chief Justice,

United States

Supreme Court

1930 – 1941

Source: http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_timeline/images_chiefs/011.html

“Whatever the cause of the failure to give

appropriate public notice of the change in

the sections, with the result that the persons

affected, the prosecuting authorities, and the

courts, were alike ignorant of the alteration,

the fact is that the attack in this respect was

upon a provision which did not exist.”

Source: Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan, 293 U.S. 388, 412-13 (1935)

Source: http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_history/02_c11.html

1946

Administrative

Procedure Act

1936

Federal Register

Act

FEDERAL AGENCY RULES

Publication of Agency Rules

• Federal Register

• Code of Federal Regulations

FR: Purpose

• Centralized publication of key agency documents

• Daily newspaper of the executive branch

• Published daily (federal working days) since March

14, 1936

• Purpose---“To eliminate the problem of secret law“

(Cervase v. Office of the Federal Register, 580 F.2d

1166, 1171 (1978))

FR: Organization

• Overall issues---chronological arrangement

– like Statutes at Large

• Individual issues---”section” arrangement

Regulations Presidential Documents

Proposed Rules Corrections

Notices Reader Aids

FR: Indexing

• Cumulates quarterly

• Annual index in December edition

• Indexed by agency and topic

FR: Online Resources

• LexisNexis---FEDREG (1980 - )

• Westlaw---FR (1980 - )

• Internet---GPO Access (1994 - )

http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/index.html

• Codification of . . .

• General and

permanent rules

and regulations . . .

• Currently in force.

CFR: Organization

• 50 titles (200+ volumes)

• Re-published annually (quarterly

installments)

• Title 3---Presidential Documents

CFR: Numbering System

21 C.F.R. § 102.41Title 21 Food and Drugs

Chapter 1 Food and Drug Admin.,

Dept. of Human

Services

Subchapter B Food for Human

Consumption

Part 102 Nonstandardized Foods

Section 102.41 Potato Chips Made From

Dried Potatoes

CFR: Indexes

• CFR Index and Finding Aids

• CIS Index to the Code of Federal Regulations

CFR: Online Resources

• LexisNexis & Westlaw (CFR) - Within two weeks of publication

• Internet---GPO Access- http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html

• NARA’s eCFR- http://www.gpo.gov/ecfr

CFR: Updating

• CHECK FOR RULE CHANGES

Check date of CFR

volume you are using

Revised as of April 1,

2002

Date of latest LSA February, 2003

Month-end issues of FR

not covered by the LSA

March 31, 2003

April 30, 2003

May 30, 2003

Most recent issue of FR June 18, 2003

• CHECK FOR JUDICIAL TREATMENT

FEDERAL AGENCY

DECISIONS

Agency Decisions (Print)

• Finding names of official reporters

- Bluebook, pp. 187-188

- Appendix D in Cohen, Berring & Olson’s, How to Find the Law

• Finding bound series of decisions

• Loose-leaf services (BNA, RIA, CCH)

Agency Decisions (Online)

• Westlaw

- FADMIN-ALL

• LexisNexis

- FEDAGN

• GPO Access

- http://www.gpoaccess.gov/executive.html

• University of Virginia

- http://www.law.virginia.edu/admindec

Updating Agency Decisions

• United States Administrative Citations

• Topical Shepard's Citators– Shepard's Labor Law Citations

– Shepard's Federal Tax Citator

– Shepard’s Intellectual Property Law Citations

– Shepard’s Federal Energy Law Citations

• Westlaw (KeyCite) and LexisNexis (Shepard’s)

STATE AGENCY RULES AND

DECISIONS

Washington: Print Resources

• Rules

– Washington State Register

– Washington Administrative Code (WAC)

• Decisions

– Ch. 5 in Washington Legal Researcher’s Deskbook

Washington: Online Resources

• LexisNexis (STREGS)

– WAC and State Register

• Westlaw (WA-ADC)

– WAC

• Municipal Research & Services Center

– http://www.legalwa.org

Other States

• BNA’s Directory of State Administrative Codes and Registers

• Westlaw

– Administrative Codes – Individual States

• LexisNexis

– STREGS

HELPFUL HINTS

Looseleafs

• Provide one or more:

– One-stop shopping

– Full text of relevant statutes and regs

– Commentary

– Helpful references to other relevant sources

• Legal Looseleafs in Print

• Diving in

Parallels

Statutes at

Large

»

Federal

Register

»

Washington

State Register

United States

Code

»

Code of

Federal

Regulations

»

Washington

Administrative

Code

Two Gallagher Shortcuts

• Research Guide on Administrative Law

Research

– http://lib.law.washington.edu/ref/admin.htm

• Washington Legal Researcher’s Deskbook

– Ch. 3: Fundamentals (pp. 64 - 69)

– Ch. 5: Administrative Materials & Decisions)

WHERE WE’VE BEEN

• Overview of Administrative Law & History

• Federal Agency Rules

• Federal Agency Decisions

• State Agency Rules and Decisions

• Helpful Hints

Thank You…….