Post on 31-Dec-2015
Abstraction and Visualization to Support Access to NPO’s Structure
and Content
Michael Halper, Vladimir Ventura, Yehoshua PerlSABOC
New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewark, NJ 07102
2
Overview
• Abstraction Networks (“AbNs”) for Ontologies• Two example AbNs:– Area taxonomy– Partial-area taxonomy
• BLUOWL: taxonomy-based software tool• Application to the NPO• Conclusions
3
Ontology Excerpt
IS-A
wave speed
Parameter
length unit
unit of measurement
wave parameter
wavelengthwave amplitude
speed of sound wave
has_
unit_
of_m
easu
re
unit of velocity
wavelength of sound
frequency of sound
wave
frequency unit
wave frequency
amplitude of sound
wave
4
Abstraction Networks (“AbNs”)• An abstraction network (“AbN”) is derived from an
ontology’s content and structure and provides a compact (summarization) view
• AbNs group “similar” concepts together and represent them using a single node
• Nodes are organized into a hierarchy
5
Area and Partial-Area Taxonomies
• Area taxonomy summarizes structurally similar concepts
• Partial-area taxonomy refines the area taxonomy into hierarchically related groups of concepts
• Will review derivation using examples from NPO
6
Area Taxonomy Derivation
An area is a set of concepts that share the same relationship structure (structurally similar)
Areas
Participates_in6 concepts
Inheres_in, participates_in
37 concepts
6 Concepts
∅
Denoted_by, inheres_in,
participates_in 2 concepts
Has_DOI, hasPubMedID, has_abstract, has_author,
has_journal_name, has_publication_year,
inheres_in, participates_in1 concept
Inheres_in, participates_in,
unit_of121 concepts
+120 descendants
Thing
entity Premerged Concepts
Preretired Concepts
Retired Concepts
Current Year
Retired Concepts
continuant
Spatial region
One dimensional
region
Three dimensional
region
Two dimensional
region
Zero dimensional
region
Dependent_ continuant
Generically_ dependent_ continuant
Specifically_ dependent_ continuant
Journal article
Alphanumeric number
number Unit of measurement
Nanoparticle property
Surface property
Numeric number
+4 child concepts
+27 descendants
∅
Participates_ in
Inheres_in, participates_in
Has_DOI, hasPubMedID, has_abstract, has_author,
has_journal_name, has_publication_year
, inheres_in, participates_in
Inheres_in, participates_in,
unit_of
Denoted_by, inheres_in, participates_in
7
+120 descendants
Thing
entity Premerged Concepts
Preretired Concepts
Retired Concepts
Current Year
Retired Concepts
continuant
Spatial region
One dimensional
region
Three dimensional
region
Two dimensional
region
Zero dimensional
region
Dependent_ continuant
Generically_ dependent_ continuant
Specifically_ dependent_ continuant
Journal article
Alphanumeric number
number Unit of measurement
Nanoparticle property
Surface property
Numeric number
+4 child concepts
+27 descendants
∅
Participates_ in
Inheres_in, participates_in
Has_DOI, hasPubMedID, has_abstract, has_author,
has_journal_name, has_publication_year
, inheres_in, participates_in
Inheres_in, participates_in,
unit_of
Denoted_by, inheres_in, participates_in
Inheres_in, participates_in, unit_of
Participates_in
Inheres_in, participates_in
Denoted_by, inheres_in, participates_in
Has_DOI, hasPubMedID, has_abstract, has_author,
has_journal_name, has_publication_year, inheres_in,
participates_in
Ø
Dependent_ continuant
37 Concepts
Alphanumeric number
1 Concept
Numeric Number
1 Concept
Unit of Measurement121 Concepts
Journal1 Concept
Thing6 Concepts
continuant6 Concepts
Partial-Area Taxonomy Derivation
• Root: A concept with no parents in its area• Partial-area: A root + all its descendants in the area
(structurally similar and clustered similarly)
Root
8
Overlapping Concepts• Partial-areas are not necessarily disjoint• A concept residing in two or more partial-areas
is called an overlapping concept
Dendrimer Repeat Unit
Fiat Dendrimer part Repeat Unit
overlapping
9
Overlapping Metrics
Level Area Name # overlapping
3 has_function, part_of, participates_in 1
3 has_function, has_quality, participates_in 18
4 has_function, has_part, has_quality, participates_in 6
6 has_component_part, has_function, has_part, has_quality, has_role, participates_in 3
6has_output_participant, has_participant, negatively_regulates, positively_regulates, realizes, regulates 1
10
Applications of Taxonomies
• QA (inconsistency detection and improved modeling)
• Summarization• Navigation• Proposed:– Support of ontology development – Support of various biomedical applications
where similar concepts need to be identified
11
Taxonomy-Based Software Tool
• BLUOWL• Automatic generation of a variety of
taxonomy views• Concept-level browsing based on those
views• Aids for QA guidelines
12
NPO Taxonomies
• Based on the inferred view of the NPO
• Relationships (object properties) defined in terms of domains
• And/or relationships defined as restrictions on concepts