A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop 8.10.2009

Fifteen Years of Routine Aircraft Observations - MOZAIC

A. Wahner, A. Volz-Thomas Research Centre Jülich

J.-P. CammasCNRS, Université de Toulouse

http://mozaic.aero.obs-mip.fr/

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop 8.10.2009

MOZAIC - Measurement of Ozone, Water Vapour, Carbon Monoxide, and Nitrogen Oxides by Airbus In-Service Aircraft

Passenger aircraft are a powerful observing platform for studies on• Atmospheric transport and chemical processes • Budgets of ozone and water vapor in the UT/LS

• Inter-annual variability and longterm trends

• Aircraft impact on the atmosphere

Ozone and water vapor in the UT/LS play a key role in climate• Large variability in space and time.

Comprehensive observations are needed for• the assessment of climate change• understanding the interactions between climate and atmospheric chemistry

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop 8.10.2009

MOZAIC (1994-2009)

1994-2001: ≈ 18000 flights with O3 & H2O2002-2008: ≈ 13000 additional flights with CO and NOy

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop 8.10.2009

Water Vapour – Ice SupersaturationMost important GHG (2/3 of warming due to water feedback)

• Control of relative humidity in the upper troposphere ?

• Global distribution highly variable (Ice supersaturation)

• Influence on radiation (directly and via cloud formation, -properties ?

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175R elative H um idity [% , Ice]

0

2

4

6

8

10

Pro

pabi

lity

[%

]

ECMWF

MOZAIC

40N-60N

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop 8.10.2009

CO in the Upper Troposphere

Winter (DJF) Summer (DJF)

•Biomass burning over Africa •biomass burning •boreal regions •Africa

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop 8.10.2009

USA East

O3 CO

EU West

Trends in the Upper Troposphere

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop 8.10.2009

MOZAIC NOy JJA UT

ppb

High NOy in UT in summer (and spring):Convection and lightning

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop 8.10.2009

MOZART3 NOy JJA 2003 UT

ppb

High NOy not seen in global CTM simulations

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop 8.10.2009

MOZART3 NOy JJA 2003 BL

ppb

Surface sources are there:Convective transport too weak

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop 8.10.2009

MOZAIC data are essential for validation of new forecast systems in the framework of GMES

EU-Projects in preparation of the GAS

GEMS (2005-2009) FP6

MACC (2009-2012) FP7

(ECMWF, FZJ and CNRS)

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop 8.10.2009

Conclusions MOZAIC has provided 15 years of high resolution data in the

tropopause region (> 100 Mio km) and 50 000 vertical profiles

in the troposphere for climate and air quality research. Europe has a world leading position in this area MOZAIC data have been used in more than 130 publications The MOZAIC community is developing a new sustainable

infrastructure (IAGOS) which aims at continuing the observations with enhanced technology, more observables, and more aircraft for global coverage.

No other project in sight with similar capabilities

H2O, O3

H2O, O3,CO, NOy

H2O, O3, CO, CO2 NOy, NOx, aerosol, cloud particles

Scientific publications

1993 2001 20122005

MOZAIC IAGOS

CARIBIC

www.iagos.org

In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System European Research Infrastructure

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop 8.10.2009

MOZAIC – IAGOS Datasets for GEOSS

Parameter From Until IAGOS

Ozone 1994 2009 2010

Water Vapour 1994 2009 2010

Carbon Monoxide 2002 2009 2010

Odd Nitrogen (NOy) 2001 2006 2010

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) 2010

Carbon Dioxide 2011

Methane 2011

Aerosol 2012

Cloud Particles 2010

http://mozaic.aero.obs-mip.fr/