A Universe Fine Tuned A Universe Fine Tuned for the Possibility of Lifefor the Possibility of Life

Presented by Tony FeigerPresented by Tony Feiger

So What is Fine Tuning?So What is Fine Tuning?

So What is Fine Tuning?So What is Fine Tuning?

““Objection !” Some scream.Objection !” Some scream.

Are we allowed to think that way in Are we allowed to think that way in science?science?

Philosophy of SciencePhilosophy of Science

Historical vs. Experimental SciencesHistorical vs. Experimental Sciences

Philosophy of SciencePhilosophy of Science

Historical vs. Experimental SciencesHistorical vs. Experimental Sciences Methodological vs. Philosophical Methodological vs. Philosophical

NaturalismNaturalism

Philosophy of SciencePhilosophy of Science

Historical vs. Experimental SciencesHistorical vs. Experimental Sciences Methodological vs. Philosophical Methodological vs. Philosophical

NaturalismNaturalism Science education has largely Science education has largely

adopted the “no God” Philosophical adopted the “no God” Philosophical NaturalismNaturalism

Richard Lewontin, Richard Lewontin, Harvard Research ProfessorHarvard Research Professor

“Our willingness to accept scientific claims that are against common sense is the key to an understanding of the real struggle between science and the supernatural. We take the side of science

in spite of the patent absurdity of some of its constructs, in spite of its failure to fulfill many of its extravagant promises of health and life, in spite of the tolerance of the scientific community for unsubstantiated just-so stories,

because we have a prior commitment, a commitment to materialism…”

Richard Lewontin, Richard Lewontin, Harvard Research ProfessorHarvard Research Professor

“…“…It is not that the methods and It is not that the methods and institutions of science somehow compel institutions of science somehow compel us to accept a material explanation of us to accept a material explanation of

the phenomenal world, but, on the the phenomenal world, but, on the contrary, that we are forced by our a contrary, that we are forced by our a

priori adherence to material causes to priori adherence to material causes to create an apparatus of investigation create an apparatus of investigation and a set of concepts that produce and a set of concepts that produce

material explanations,material explanations,

no matter how counter-intuitive, no matter how counter-intuitive, no matter how mystifying to the uninitiated. no matter how mystifying to the uninitiated. Moreover, that materialism is absolute, for Moreover, that materialism is absolute, for

we cannot allow a Divine Foot in the we cannot allow a Divine Foot in the door.”door.”

Philosophy of SciencePhilosophy of Science

Why should we be limited to the Why should we be limited to the atheist perspective?atheist perspective?

Importance of WorldviewImportance of Worldview

NaturalismNaturalism

AtheismAtheism

MaterialMaterial

SupernaturalisSupernaturalismm

TheismTheism

SpiritualSpiritual

Effects of Worldview:

• How we interpret data

• How we live

Philosophy of SciencePhilosophy of Science

The pitfalls of operating under The pitfalls of operating under philosophical naturalismphilosophical naturalism

Philosophy of SciencePhilosophy of Science

The pitfalls of operating under The pitfalls of operating under philosophical naturalismphilosophical naturalism

• You may spend valuable resources on You may spend valuable resources on fruitless projectsfruitless projects

Philosophy of SciencePhilosophy of Science

The pitfalls of operating under The pitfalls of operating under philosophical naturalismphilosophical naturalism

• You may spend valuable resources on You may spend valuable resources on fruitless projectsfruitless projects

SETI ProgramSETI Program ““Junk” DNAJunk” DNA Random mutation of crop experimentsRandom mutation of crop experiments

Philosophy of SciencePhilosophy of Science

The pitfalls of operating under The pitfalls of operating under philosophical naturalismphilosophical naturalism

• You may spend valuable resources on You may spend valuable resources on fruitless projectsfruitless projects

• You may end up destroying your cultureYou may end up destroying your culture

Naturalism, Atheism

Universities

Immoral Movies, Music, Books & Art

Social Problems

How Philosophy Effects Culture

What is Truth?What is Truth?

The Story of ScienceThe Story of Science

Vs.Vs.

God’s StoryGod’s Story

'In the end, science does not provide the answers most of us require.  Its story of our origins and our end is, to say the least, unsatisfactory.  To the question, "How did it all begin?", science answers, "Probably by an accident."  To the question, "How will it all end?", science answers, "Probably by an accident."  And to many people, the accidental life is not worth living.' 

(Postman, Neil. “Science and the Story that We Need” First Things 69 [January 1997]: 29-32)

The Story of Science

God created the Heavens and the Earth and all that is in them.

God’s Story

The Crown of God’s creation was Man, male and female, in His image.

God’s Story

Man was made to keep the Earth, to Love one another and to Know Him.

God’s Story

Man was made to keep the Earth, to Love one another and to Know Him.

Although Man chose to rebel against God, God sent His only begotten Son to die in our place, to bring us peace once again.

God’s Story

Man was made to keep the Earth, to Love one another and to Know Him.

Although Man chose to rebel against God, God sent His only begotten Son to die in our place, to bring us forgiveness and peace once again.

Although some have received this forgiveness and peace with God, the world is still broken because of rebellion against God. One day Christ will come again and make all things new. Paradise will be restored!

God’s Story

Man was made to keep the Earth, to Love one another and to Know Him.

Although Man chose to rebel against God, God sent His only begotten Son to die in our place, to bring us forgiveness and peace once again.

Although some have received this forgiveness and peace with God, the world is still broken because of rebellion against God. One day Christ will come again, bring justice and make all things new. Paradise will be restored!

For now, we are Christ’s ambassadors, introducing men and women to God’s story and to God Himself.

God’s Story

Big Bang or Engineered Expansion?Big Bang or Engineered Expansion?

Origin of all Origin of all matter, energy, matter, energy, space-time, & space-time, & information!information!

Unimaginable Unimaginable powerpower

Ingenious laws Ingenious laws of natureof nature

Cosmological Cosmological reverberationsreverberations

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe Fundamental Forces and physical Fundamental Forces and physical

constantsconstants Our GalaxyOur Galaxy Our Solar SystemOur Solar System Our PlanetOur Planet

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned UniverseFundamental Forces and physical constantsFundamental Forces and physical constants

GravityGravity Weak nuclear forceWeak nuclear force Strong nuclear forceStrong nuclear force Electromagnetic forceElectromagnetic force Electron massElectron mass Proton massProton mass Speed of LightSpeed of Light Planck’s ConstantPlanck’s Constant ……

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe““Natural law…reveals an Natural law…reveals an

intelligence of such intelligence of such superiority that, superiority that,

compared with it, all compared with it, all the systematic the systematic

thinking and acting of thinking and acting of human beings is an human beings is an utterly insignificant utterly insignificant

reflection.” reflection.”

Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions – The World As I See It (New York: Bonanza Books, 1931), p. 40.

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

““The more I examine the The more I examine the universe and the universe and the

details of its details of its architecture, the more architecture, the more evidence I find that the evidence I find that the universe in some sense universe in some sense must have known we must have known we

were coming” were coming”

Physicist Freeman Dyson, Disturbing the Universe (New York: Harper and Row, 1979), p.250.

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

GravityGravity

If the force of gravity were If the force of gravity were changed by just one part in 10changed by just one part in 104040, , stronger or weaker, stars like the stronger or weaker, stars like the

sun would not exist in the sun would not exist in the Universe and nor would life! Universe and nor would life!

(According to the calculations of Brandon Carter, physicist, (According to the calculations of Brandon Carter, physicist,

per per Show Me GodShow Me God, by Fred Heeren, p. 210), by Fred Heeren, p. 210)

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Fundamental Forces and physical constantsFundamental Forces and physical constants

Mass of protons and neutronsMass of protons and neutrons

A proton is 1836 times heavier than an A proton is 1836 times heavier than an electron, while a neutron is only .1% electron, while a neutron is only .1% heavier than a proton. If neutrons heavier than a proton. If neutrons

were another .1% heavier, all protons were another .1% heavier, all protons would convert to neutrons, leaving would convert to neutrons, leaving

no possibility for atoms in the no possibility for atoms in the universe! universe!

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned UniverseCharge balance of protons and electronsCharge balance of protons and electrons

"The charges of the electron and proton have been "The charges of the electron and proton have been measured in the laboratory and have been found to measured in the laboratory and have been found to be precisely equal and opposite. Were it not for this be precisely equal and opposite. Were it not for this fact, the resulting charge imbalance would force fact, the resulting charge imbalance would force every object in the universe--our bodies, trees, every object in the universe--our bodies, trees, planets, suns--to explode violently. The cosmos planets, suns--to explode violently. The cosmos would consist solely of a uniform and tenuous would consist solely of a uniform and tenuous mixture not so very different from air." George mixture not so very different from air." George Greenstein, Greenstein, THE SYMBIOTIC UNIVERSE.THE SYMBIOTIC UNIVERSE.

Fine Tuned Universe - EntropyFine Tuned Universe - Entropy

““If the Big Bang is regarded as only an If the Big Bang is regarded as only an impressive accident, there is no impressive accident, there is no

explanation why it produced a universe explanation why it produced a universe with such a high degree of order, contrary with such a high degree of order, contrary

to the Second Law…in 1989 (Roger) to the Second Law…in 1989 (Roger) Penrose computed that to provide a Penrose computed that to provide a

universe compatible with the Second Law universe compatible with the Second Law the precision needed to set the universe the precision needed to set the universe on it’s highly ordered course was to an on it’s highly ordered course was to an

accuracy of one part in 10accuracy of one part in 1010(123)10(123).”.”

A Case Against Accident and Self-Organization, byA Case Against Accident and Self-Organization, by Dean L. Overman (New York: Rowman & Dean L. Overman (New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 1997), p. 191Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 1997), p. 191

What is Entropy?What is Entropy?

The measure of disorder of a systemThe measure of disorder of a system

What is Entropy?What is Entropy?

The measure of disorder of a systemThe measure of disorder of a system Entropy is always increasingEntropy is always increasing

Fine Tuned Universe - EntropyFine Tuned Universe - Entropy

How big isHow big is

10 10 10(123)10(123)

????

Fine Tuned Universe - EntropyFine Tuned Universe - Entropy

How big is 10 How big is 10 10(123) 10(123) ????

6000 yr x 365 days/yr x 24 hr/day x 60 6000 yr x 365 days/yr x 24 hr/day x 60 min/hr x 60 sec/min = min/hr x 60 sec/min =

= 1.89 x 10= 1.89 x 1011 11 secondsseconds

189,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,189,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00000,000,000,00000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.0,000,000,000.

Fine Tuned Universe - EntropyFine Tuned Universe - Entropy

Sir Roger PenroseSir Roger Penrose

Fine Tuned Universe - EntropyFine Tuned Universe - Entropy

From From The Emperor’s New MindThe Emperor’s New Mind, by Roger Penrose, Oxford , by Roger Penrose, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1989, p. 343.University Press, New York, NY, 1989, p. 343.

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Our Galaxy – The Milky WayOur Galaxy – The Milky Way

The Milky Way is the right kind of Galaxy, The Milky Way is the right kind of Galaxy, far enough from others to avoid far enough from others to avoid catastrophe.catastrophe.

Colliding GalaxiesColliding Galaxies

Elliptical GalaxyElliptical Galaxy

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Our Galaxy – The Milky WayOur Galaxy – The Milky Way

The Milky Way is the right kind of GalaxyThe Milky Way is the right kind of Galaxy Within our Galaxy, we are in the perfect Within our Galaxy, we are in the perfect

spot, between spiral arms, for resources, spot, between spiral arms, for resources, safety and discovery!safety and discovery!

Galactic Habitable ZoneGalactic Habitable Zone

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Our Solar SystemOur Solar System

The right size star (the Sun)The right size star (the Sun)

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Our Solar SystemOur Solar System

The right size star (the Sun)The right size star (the Sun) Large planets orbiting outside of ours, Large planets orbiting outside of ours,

“sweeping” interstellar debris“sweeping” interstellar debris

JupiterJupiter

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Earth: A Privileged PlanetEarth: A Privileged Planet

Distance from SunDistance from Sun

Circumstellar (or Solar) Circumstellar (or Solar) Habitable ZoneHabitable Zone

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Earth: A Privileged PlanetEarth: A Privileged Planet

Distance from SunDistance from Sun Rate of RotationRate of Rotation

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Earth: A Privileged PlanetEarth: A Privileged Planet

Distance from SunDistance from Sun Rate of RotationRate of Rotation Angle of TiltAngle of Tilt

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Earth: A Privileged PlanetEarth: A Privileged Planet

Distance from SunDistance from Sun Rate of RotationRate of Rotation Angle of TiltAngle of Tilt Size of and distance to our MoonSize of and distance to our Moon

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Earth: A Privileged PlanetEarth: A Privileged Planet

Distance from SunDistance from Sun Rate of RotationRate of Rotation Angle of TiltAngle of Tilt Size of and distance to our MoonSize of and distance to our Moon

• TidesTides• Eclipse allows study of solar atmosphere, lightEclipse allows study of solar atmosphere, light

Size of planet EarthSize of planet Earth

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Earth: A Privileged PlanetEarth: A Privileged Planet

Thickness of Crust & Amount of Heat Thickness of Crust & Amount of Heat Generated from WithinGenerated from Within

Moving Plates of EarthMoving Plates of Earth

Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Earth: A Privileged PlanetEarth: A Privileged Planet

Thickness of Crust & Amount of Heat Thickness of Crust & Amount of Heat Generated from WithinGenerated from Within

Oxygen rich atmosphereOxygen rich atmosphere

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Earth: A Privileged PlanetEarth: A Privileged Planet

Thickness of Crust & Amount of Heat Thickness of Crust & Amount of Heat Generated from WithinGenerated from Within

Oxygen rich atmosphereOxygen rich atmosphere Abundant WaterAbundant Water

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

Earth: A Privileged PlanetEarth: A Privileged Planet

In all, at least 20 factors are neededIn all, at least 20 factors are needed

The chance that a randomly discovered The chance that a randomly discovered planet could support life is estimated by planet could support life is estimated by astro-biologists to be just 1 in 10astro-biologists to be just 1 in 1015 15 !!!!

Does all this look like design?Does all this look like design?

Well, it probably is!Well, it probably is!

Fine Tuned UniverseFine Tuned Universe

““For the scientist who has lived by his For the scientist who has lived by his faith in the power of reason, the story faith in the power of reason, the story ends like a bad dream. He has scaled ends like a bad dream. He has scaled

the mountains of ignorance; he is about the mountains of ignorance; he is about to conquer the highest peak; as he to conquer the highest peak; as he

pulls himself over the final rock, he is pulls himself over the final rock, he is greeted by a band of theologians who greeted by a band of theologians who

have been there for centuries.”have been there for centuries.”

Robert Jastrow, Robert Jastrow, God and the AstronomersGod and the Astronomers (New York: (New York: Harper & Row, 1979), p.250Harper & Row, 1979), p.250

How do Atheists Respond?How do Atheists Respond?

How do Atheists Respond?How do Atheists Respond?

The Anthropic PrincipalThe Anthropic Principal

How do Atheists Respond?How do Atheists Respond?

The Anthropic PrincipalThe Anthropic Principal The MultiverseThe Multiverse

How do Atheists Respond?How do Atheists Respond?

The Anthropic PrincipalThe Anthropic Principal The MultiverseThe Multiverse

• ““It seems that in order to abolish one It seems that in order to abolish one unobservable God, it takes an infinite unobservable God, it takes an infinite number of unobservable substitutes”number of unobservable substitutes”

- Physicist Stephen Barr,Physicist Stephen Barr,

Modern Physics and Ancient FaithModern Physics and Ancient Faith, p. 157, p. 157

How do Atheists Respond?How do Atheists Respond?

The Anthropic PrincipalThe Anthropic Principal The MultiverseThe Multiverse

• ““It seems that in order to abolish one It seems that in order to abolish one unobservable God, it takes an infinite unobservable God, it takes an infinite number of unobservable substitutes”number of unobservable substitutes”

• Occam’s Razor Says no way !!Occam’s Razor Says no way !!

Practical ApplicationsPractical Applications

Be skeptical of the story modern Be skeptical of the story modern science is telling you about originsscience is telling you about origins

Practical ApplicationsPractical Applications

Be skeptical of the story modern Be skeptical of the story modern science is telling you about origins.science is telling you about origins.

Learn more about what God has Learn more about what God has done through His creation and you done through His creation and you will be compelled to worship Him will be compelled to worship Him more.more.

Practical ApplicationsPractical Applications

Be skeptical of the story modern Be skeptical of the story modern science is telling you about origins.science is telling you about origins.

Learn more about what God has Learn more about what God has done through His creation and you done through His creation and you will be compelled to worship Him will be compelled to worship Him more.more.

Consider starting an Intelligent Consider starting an Intelligent Design study group at your Design study group at your UniversityUniversity

Can you imagine the effect on our Can you imagine the effect on our culture, if people everywhere really knew culture, if people everywhere really knew that they were lovingly created, not just that they were lovingly created, not just

a product of chance?a product of chance?

Would we not see our culture Would we not see our culture change in many beautiful ways?change in many beautiful ways?

Would we not see a change in Would we not see a change in our movies, books and music?our movies, books and music?

And as a people, see each life as And as a people, see each life as valuable?valuable?

Imagine !!Imagine !!

Thank you !!Thank you !!

Tony.Feiger@uscm.org

WWW.TonyandKaylene.comWWW.TonyandKaylene.com