Post on 12-Jul-2020
A N U M I S M A T I C H I S T O R Y O F T H E R E I G N S O F
W I L L I A M I. A N D II. (1066-1100).
S E C O N D P A R T : — T H E H I S T O R I E S O F T H E M I N T S .
By P . W . P . C A R L Y O N - B R I T T O N , F.S.A.—President.
C H A P T E R V I .
T H E MONEYERS.
JT has been deemed desirable to precede the actual notices of
the several mints by a comprehensive and classified index
of the moneyers, whose names appear on the coins which
hitherto have been noted for the purposes of this work.
T h e names of the moneyers under William I. and II. are set out
in one list in the left hand or first column, the full or correct form of
each name having been selected for this purpose where possible, then
follow in proper sequence the names of the town or towns at which
moneyers bearing the name worked, and following the name of each
town are references to the kings from ^ftthelreed II. to Stephen
inclusive, under whom moneyers of the same name coined at the same
town.
In the case of the coins of William I. the types issued are
indicated by Roman numerals, and in that of William II. they are
indicated by Arabic figures.
T h e following are the abbreviations employed : —
JE = ./Ethelrsed II. E = Edward the Confessor.
C = Cnut. Hd 2 — Harold II.
Hd 1 = Harold I. Hen 1 = Henry I.
Hct = Harthacnut. S = Stephen.
118 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
I = T y p e I of William I., Hawkins 233
II = „ II „ „ 234
1 1 1 = „ III „ „ 236
I V = „ IV „ „ 237
V = „ V „ „ 238
V I = „ V I „ „ 243
V I I = „ V I I „ „ 239
V I I I = ,, V I I I ,, 241 and 242
1 = „ 1 of William II., Hawkins 244
2 = „ 2 „ „ 246
3 — >> 3 .. .. 24 7 4 = » 4 » . . . 2 5 ° 5 = » 5 » - » 248
T h e " mule " coins are specifically described, and the rare variety
of type 4 of William II. is indicated by the reference (Hawkins, 249)
placed after the 4 denoting the type.
Although it is not very probable that a moneyer would continue
to issue coins for so long a period, in considering this point it must be
remembered that from the close of the reign of ./Ethelraid II. to the
commencement of that of William I., there elapsed approximately only
half a century, so that if a moneyer worked at the town of his birth for
as long a time as George III . or Queen Victoria reigned over these
realms, it would have been possible for him to have issued coins in all
reigns from ^Ethelraed II. to William I. inclusive.
It is highly probable, however, that the same names were
perpetuated in the same families and, as the moneyer's craft was in all
likelihood a somewhat closely guarded art, the frequent recurrence of
the same names in given localities is easy of explanation.
In regard to the names of the moneyers it will be observed that
they are, with very few exceptions, of Saxon or Danish origin. In
order to assist students in the correct decipherment of the names as
they appear on the coins, the variants of the names of the moneyers as
they have been noted to occur at the several times during the reigns
of William I. and II. only, have been chronicled.
The Moneyers.
T h e histories of the mints have been arranged under counties, an
arrangement preferable on historical ancl geographical grounds, as well
as one likely to be of assistance to the county collector.
T H E M O N E Y E R S AND T H E I R M I N T S .
JEB . . . N E
Sandwich II.
Spell ing: I£B . . . HE. I E G E L B R I H T .
Ipswich. C ; I I ; I V ; mule of I V — V . Varieties of spelling :
I E C E L B R H T L E C X B R I H IECELBROST :—probably a misreading.
^ G E L M ^ E R .
Bath. C ; Hd i ; H c t ; E ; VIII .
Spell ing: IEG-LMIE Launceston. i ; 2.
Spell ing: IECLIER ^ E G E L N O D .
Oxford. 4 ; EI en 1.
Spell ing: IECLHQB ^ E G E L R I C .
Canterbury. 1. Norwich. V ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling : Spelling: I E I C ' E R I E I E C L R I E
Hereford. E ; I ; III. Shrewsbury. II.
Spelling : Spelling : I E C E L R I E E C L R I E
Ipswich. V. Wareham. I ; IV; V I ; V I I ; V I I I .
Spelling : Spelling : I E C X R I E IEG^ELRIE
London. E ; II ; III ; 2. IECXRIE Spell ing: IELRIE
/ E C E L R I E I E C ' E L R I E I E C X R I E
1 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
^ E G E L W I N E .
Exeter. II.
Spelling: I£<?PI . .
Hereford. Mule of I V — V ;
V I I I ; 2 ; 4.
Spelling : I E C L P I N E IEG'LPI
Huntingdon. V I I I .
Spelling : IEG^LPINE
Ilchester. E ; Hd 2 ; I ;
I V ;' V.
Spelling : I E C E L P I N E I E C X P I H E I E C L P I E P I E C E L P I K E
Ipswich. I V ; V I I I .
Spelling :
I E C E L P I N E I E C L P I N E
^ G L W O R D .
London. E ; 3 ; 4.
Spelling :
I E C X P O R D
y E G S T A N .
Hereford. IV.
Spelling :
I E S T A N
Winchester. C ; Hd 1 ; Hct ;
E ; V I ; V I I ; mule of
^ E L D O L F . See A L D O L F .
Leicester. C ; E ; Hcl 2 ;
III ; IV ; V I I ; V I I I .
Spelling : I E < 7 E L P I N E I E C X P I N E
Lincoln. H c t ; II.
Spelling : IECTELPINE
Oxford. Hcl 1 ; H c t ; E ;
H I ; 4-
Spelling : I E C E L P I IECTLPINE
London. IE ; C ; E ; IV.
Spelling : I E C E I P I N E
W allingford. V I I I .
Spelling : I E C X P I N E
Winchester. E ; V.
Spelling : I E C X P I N E
V I I — V I I I ; V I I I ; x ;
2.
Spelling : I E S T A N I E S T I E N IEG*STAN
The Moneyers. T 2 I
JE L F E N .
Pevensey. V ; VI11 ; x ; 4.
Spelling :
I E L F H
I E L P H E N
I L L F N E
^ E L F G E A R D .
Worcester. IV ; V I ; VII ; V I I I ; 2 ; 3.
Spelling :
IELF<TEARD IELFC7IERD IELF(?\RD I E L F ( ? I E T (?)
i E L F G ^ E T .
Dorchester. 2 ; 3.
S p e l l i n g : I E L F G 1 E T
Sandwich. IV ; VI ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2 ; 3.
Spelling :
I E L F C E D IELFC7IET I E L F C T E I E L F I E T ALFffAD
^ E L M i E R .
Cambridge. IV.
S p e l l i n g : I E L M I E R
Lincoln. Mule I — II ; II ; 3.
Spelling : I E L M E R I E L H E R E L N [ E R ]
Romney. V ; VI .
S p e l l i n g : I E L M I E R
London. 1. Spelling :
IELPHEN Sandwich. V I I I .
Spelling : I E L F E N
1 A Numismatic History
^ L F N O D .
Shaftesbury. V ; V I ; V I I ; V I I I .
Spelling : IELNOB 1
ALHOD
^ E L F R y E D .
Canterbury. JE ; C ; Hd i ;
H c t ; E ; H d 2 ; V ; VI ;
V I I I ; 1 ; 4 ; 5 ; Hen 1.
Spelling : IELFRIED
IELFRED
IELREI
IELBRIED
IELDRIED
ALFRIED
ALDRIED
ALFRIID
^ E L F R I C .
Bridport. V I I I .
Spelling : IELFRIE
Colchester. 2 ; 3.
Spelling : IELFRIE
Guildford. E ; 4 ; 5.
Spelling : IELFRIE
Hertford. V ; 4 (?).
Spelling : IELFRIE
Ipswich. V I I I ; 4 ; 5.
Spelling : IELFRIE
ELFRIE
1 The mint intended to be indicated may is an over-struck piece.
of William . and II.
Stafford. 2.
Spelling :
IELFNOB 1
London. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ; E ;
V I I I ; 1 ; 2 ; 5 (?). Hen
1 ; S.
Spelling : IELFRIED
IELFRED
IELFRE
ALFRIED
ALFRED
Sandwich. 4.
Spelling :
IELDRIED
Lewes. V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling :
IELFRIE
London. E ; V I I I ; 1 ; Hen
1 ; S.
Spelling :
IELFRIE
Southwark. E ; 3.
Spelling :
IELFRIE
Stafford, as the coin on which it occurs
The Moneyers.
/ E L F S I G E .
Chester. JE ; C ; Hd i ; Hct;
E ; Hd 2 ; II ; V I I I .
Spelling : IELFSI
ELFSI
ALESI
Colchester. V I I I .
Spelling : IELFSI
London. JE ; C ; E ; I ; II ;
III.
Spelling : /E.LFSIG*
^ E L F S T A N .
Rochester. 4 ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
IELSTAN
^ L F W E A R D .
Canterbury. E ; 4.
Spelling :
IELFPORD
Chester. C ; II.
Spelling :
AELFPEARD
Ilchester. V I ; V I I I ; 1 ; 3 ; 4.
Spelling : IELFPORD
IELPPORD
^ E L F W I N E .
Chester. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ; 11 ; 2.
Spelling : IELFPINE
ELFPI 1 N o t v e r i f i e d ; pre
JELFSI
IELFSI
IELFSIE
IELFSIG*
IELEFSIE
IEOLFSIE
IEOLFSI
ELFSI
IEELFSI
Nottingham. II.
Spelling : ELFSI
IELPORD
EHLFPORD
IENLEPIRD1
ATHILFPARD1
ABILFPARD1
Maldon. V I I I ; 4.
Spelling : IELFPORD
IELFORD
Sandwich. IV.
Spelling : IELFPORD
Cricklade. C ; E ; V I I L
Spelling :
IELFPINE
misreadings.
1 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
/ E L F W I N E —continued—
Dover. E ; mule of J-2.
Spelling :
ELFPINE
Exeter. C ; E ; I I I ; V ;
Hen 1.
Spelling :
IELFPINE
Gloucester. 3 ; Hen 1 ; S.
Spelling : IELFPINE
Hereford. IE ; C ; I V ; V I I I
1 ; S.
Spelling : IELFPI
IELPI
Huntingdon. H c t ; E ; V I I
V I I I ; 4.
Spelling :
IELFPINE
Ipswich. E ; H d 2 ; 11 ; V I I
V I I I .
Spelling : IELFPINE
ALFPINE
London. IE ; C ; Hd 1 ; Hct
E ; I ; I I ; I V ; V I I
V I I I ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5
Hen. 1 ; S.
Spelling : IELFPINE
IELPINE
JfcLPINE
IELPNE
ELFPINE
ELPNI
IELFPIND 1
IELFRIND 1
Maldon. ^E ; C ; V I I I .
Spelling :
IELFPINE
Norwich. Hd 1 ; E ; 4.
Spelling :
IELFPINE
Oxford. IE ; C ; Hcl 1 ; H c t ;
E ; H d 2 ; II ; IV.
Spelling : 7E.LFPI
ELFPI
Rhuddlan. V I I I .
Spelling : E L F P I N E
Salisbury. II.
Spelling :
IELPNE
Sandwich. 1.
Spelling : IELFNE 1
Stamford. C ; Hd 1 ; III .
Spelling : ELFDPNE
Taunton. V ; V I ; V I I ; mule
of V I I — V I I I ; 2 ; 4.
Spelling : IELFPINE
1 N o t ver i f ied; p r o b a b l y misreadings .
The Moneyers.
^ E L F W I N E—continued—
Thetford. JE ; C ; H d 1 ;
H c t ; E ; Hd 2 ; I I ;
V I I I ; 1.
Spelling :
IELFPINE
ELFPI
Wallingford. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ;
Hct ; E ; 1.
Spelling :
IELFPINE
^ E R N W I . See E A R N W I .
A G E M U N D \
A H E M U N D J
Lincoln. E ; Hd 2 ; mule
Spelling : AffEMVHD
A H E M V N D
A L D G A R | t t a t o r AP A L G A R j ^ E A L D G A R .
A L G O D .
Canterbury. 4.
Spelling : ALG*OD
A L D O L F .
Southwark. V I I I .
Spelling : IELDOLF
ALDOLF
ALDOVF
ALBOVLF
A L D W I N E .
London. 4.
Spelling : ALDPINE
Wilton. C ; E ; V ; V I I ;
V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling :
IELFPINE
Winchester. C ; Hd 1 ; H c t ;
E ; Hd 2; I ; II ; 4.
Spelling :
IELFPINE
IELFPIN
IELEFPINE
of I — I I ; II ; Hen u
1 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
A L E I F .
York. E ; Hd 2 ; II ; I V ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling : ALEIF
A L E F
ALEIOF
ALIE
A L D U R O L F .
York. V.
Spelling :
ALDVROLF
A L B V R V I F
A I D V R
See also H A R D O L F and O V D O L F .
A N D E R B O D A .
Winchester. E ; Hd 2 ; I ; III ; I V ; V ; VI
Spelling :
AHDERBODA
ANDERBODE
ANDERBOD
ANDERBQN
ANDRBODA
ANDRBOD
AHDERBOHPA
ANDRBOO
AJORBD
A R C E T E L 1
A R N C E T E L J
Lincoln. 3 ; 4 ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
AEIL
ARNEIL
Stamford. Hd x ; 5. Spelling :
ARHTL
York. JE; C ; H d 1 ; E ; II. Spelling :
AREETEL
The Moneyers.
A T S E R E .
Nottingham. V I I I ; 2.
Spelling :
IETEER
AEERE
ATSERE
A V D O L F . See O V B O L F .
B A L D R I C .
Thetford. 1.
Spelling : BALDRIE
Worcester. E ; IV ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2 ; 4.
Spelling : BALDRIE
B A L D W I N E .
Shaftesbury. 4.
Spelling : BALDPIIE
B A N W I N D . Probably a misreading.
Thetford. 2.
Spelling: BANPIND
B E R I T E R I .
London. V I I .
Spelling : BERITERI, perhaps for BRIHTRIE
B E R N . See B I O R N .
B I H G S V N .
Thetford. II.
Spelling : BIHCSVN
B I O R N .
Wareham. E ; V ; V I I I .
Spelling :
BERN
BRVRN
B L A C S V N V .
London. IV. Winchester. V.
Spelling : _ „.
B L A E S V N V S P e l l i n ^ :
B L M E S V N V B L A r S V N V
1 8 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
B R / E S E L .
Norwich. 5.
Spelling : BRIESEL
B R A N D .
Wallingford. E ; I ; I I ;
Spelling : BRAND
B R I H T M ^ E R .
Chichester. III .
Spelling :
BRIHTMIER
Lewes. 2 ; 4.
Spelling :
BRIHMER
BRIHMIER
BRITMIER
B R I H T N O D .
Gloucester. E ; Hd 2 ;
Spelling : BRIHTNOD
BRHTNOD
BRIHTOD
BRIHTOD
B R I H T R ^ E D .
Canterbury. C ; Hd 1 ; 1.
Spelling :
BRIHTRED
B R I H T R I C .
Colchester. E : I.
Spelling : BRIH . . . E
; I V ; V.
London. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ; E ; ^ V ; 4. Spelling :
BRIHTMIER
BRITMIER
Wallingford. E ; Hd 2 ; I ; II ; III ; IV.
Spelling : BRIHTMALR BRIHMiER BRITMAR
V I I I ; mule of 1-2 ; 2.
Oxford. E ; I I ; I I I ; V I ;
V I I ; V I I I ; 2.
Spelling :
BRIHTRIED
BRIHTRED
Exeter. Hd 2 ; I.
Spelling :
BRIHTRIE
The Moneyers.
B R I H T R I C —continued—
Hereford. II ; IV.
Spelling :
B R I H T R I E
Lincoln. C ; E ; V.
Spelling :
B R I H T R I E
London. V.
Spelling :
B R I H T R I E
B R H T R I E
B R I H T W I N E .
Bridport. V I I I .
Spelling :
B R I H T P I Exeter. 4 ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
B R I H T P I N E Lincoln. V I I I ; 1.
Spelling :
B R 1 H T P I I E London. C ; E ; I I I ; V I I ;
V I I I ; 1.
Spelling :
B R I H T P I N E B R I H T P I I E
B R I H T W O L D .
Canterbury. V I I I ; 2.
Spelling : B R I H T P O L D B R I H T P O D
VOL. III.
Oxford. 2. Spelling :
B R I H T R I E (probably a
misreading of B R I H T R I E D )
Taunton. E ; Hd 1 ; mule of I — I I ; III ; IV.
Spelling : B R I H T R I E B R F H T R I E
Worcester. IV. Spelling :
B R I H T R I E (probably a
misreading of B A L D R I E )
B R I H T P I E B R I H T P I B R I H P I H E
" M a i m . " II.
Spelling : B R I H T P I B R H T P I
Malmesbury. E ; I I ; IV.
Spelling :
B R I H T P I
Wallingford. E ; III.
Spelling : B R I H T P I N E
1 A Numismatic History of William I. and .
B R I H T W O R D .
Bristol. V I ; V I I ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2 ; 4.
Spelling : B R I H T P O R D B R I H T P O D B R P O D E B I H T P O R D
B R U N G A R .
Bath. III.
Spelling : BRVNCAR
B R U N I N G .
Ipswich. E ; 4.
Spelling :
B R V M I E London. C ; E ; V ; V I I I ;
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
B R V N I N E B R V M I E B R V H I C B R V M I B R H N I N E
B R U N M A N .
Chichester. I ; V ; V I ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2 ; 3.
Spelling : B R V N M A N B R V K A N K B R V M M A N B R V M A N B R V M N BRVIXPAN
B R U N R / E D .
Oxford. 2.
Spelling: BRVNRIED (probably a misreading of B R I H T R I E D )
Tarn worth. E ; II ; V I I I ; 1 ;
2 ; 3-
Spelling :
B R V N I E B R V N N I E
Winchester. V I I ; V I I I .
Spelling :
B R V N I E
The Moneyers. 3
B R U N S T A N .
Bristol. V I I I .
S p e l l i n g : B R V H S T A H
Stamford. C ; V I I I ; 1.
S p e l l i n g : B R V H S T A N Oxford. 1.
S p e l l i n g : B R V N S T A H
B R U N W I N E .
Stamford. C ; Hd 1 ; H c t ; E ; Hd 2 ; III.
S p e l l i n g : B R V H P I H E
B R U R N . See B I O R N .
B U E N T .
London. 2 ; 4.
Spelling : B V E N T
B U N O N . ? = Brunon.
Thetford. 2.
S p e l l i n g : B V N O N
B U R N A R D .
Thetford. 3.
S p e l l i n g : B V K - - R D
B U R N O D .
Canterbury. V I I I .
C A R E L . See C E O R L .
C E N R I C . See C I N R I C .
C E O R L .
Bristol. E ; Hd 2 ; I ; III ; V.
Spelling :
B N T B V T
S p e l l i n g : B V R N O D
E E O R L E E R L E A R E L
K 2
A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
C I L D .
Bedwin. E ; I
Spelling :
E I L D
Marlborough. I l l ; I V ; V ;
Spelling : E I L D E I D
VI ; V I I I ; I.
C I L N R ^ D . = Ceolred ?
Romney. 2.
Spelling : EILNRIED, probably a misreading.
C I N R I C .
Thetford. I ; I I ; I V ; V ; V I I
Spelling : E I N R I E E E N R I E
C I N S T A I N .
Dover. C ; Hcl 1 ; H c t ; E ; Hd 2 ; V I I .
S p e l l i n g : E I N S T A I N
C I P I N C C .
Hastings. V I I I .
S p e l l i n g : E I P I N E E
C N I H T W I N E .
Bury St. Edmund's. V ; V I ; V I I ; V I I I ; 4.
Spelling : E H I H T P I N E E N I H T P I H E I N I H T P I N E E I H T P I N E E I N T P I M E E I T P I N E
C O L B E I N . Cf C O L B E R N .
Derby. E ; II ; III.
S p e l l i n g : E O L B E I N
C O L B E R N .
Wallinoford. 2. O
Spelling : E O L B E R M E O L E R K
The Moneyers.
C O L B L A C .
Bristol. V I I I ; i ; 2.
Spelling : EOLBLAE
C O L I N C .
Tamworth. E ; II ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling :
Twynham (Christchurch, Hants). VII .
Spelling : EOLEMAH
E O L E I N E E O L I N : E O L I E E V L I K E
C O L E M A N .
C O L S W E G E N .
Hastings. E ; Hd 2 ; I.
Spelling :
E O L S P E C E H g :
London. IV.
Spelling :
E O L S P E C E N
C O N . .
Ipswich. 1. Spell ing: EOH
C U D B E R H T .
Durham. V I I I .
Spelling : EVTBBRHT
D E O R M O N .
Colchester. E ; V ; V I ; V I I I . Hastings. 2 ; 3 ; 4 (Hawkins 2 4 9 ) 5 -
Spelling :
Spelling :
B O K M A H D R M A H B R I M A N B I R M A H
B I R M A H D O R M A N D R M A N
1 A Numismatic History of William . and II.
D E O R M O N—continued—
Steyning. E ; H d 2 ; II ;
Spelling :
D E R M O N D R M A H
D I R I C = Didric = Deodric.
Stamford. II.
S p e l l i n g : D I R I E
D U N N I N C .
Hastings. E ; Hd 2 ; I ; II ;
V ; V I I I ; 2.
Spelling :
D V N N I N E D V N N I E D V N I E D N I N E
E A D R / E D .
Hythe. V I I I ; 1 ; 2 ; 4.
Spelling :
E D R I E D E D R E D
E A D R I C .
Hereford. H d 2 ; IV ; Hen 1 ;
S.
Spelling : E A D R I
London. IE ; C ; H d 1 ; H c t ;
E ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
E A D W E A R D .
Canterbury. E ; I.
Spelling : E A D P E A R D
VI.
Thetford. 2.
Spelling :
D V N I E Totnes. 2.
Spelling :
D V N N I E D V N I E
Spellin
E D R I E
cr • &
Winchester (?) 1.
Spelling :
E D R I E
Dover. V I I I .
Spelling :
E D P O R D
The Moneyers. 3
E A D W E A R D—continued—
Norwich. V I I I .
Spelling" :
E A D P E A R D London. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ; I I ;
V. Spelling :
E A D P A E D P A
E A D I V I N E .
Canterbury. C ; Hd 2; I V ;
3 ; 5 ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
E D P I N E Chichester. E ; V I I I ; 2.
Spelling :
E D P I N E Hereford. Hd 2 ; III ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
E D P I London. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ; Hct
E ; H d 2 ; I ; II ; III
IV ; V ; V I ; V I I ; V I I I
1 ; 2 ; 4 ; Hen 1.
Spelling" : E A D P I N E E A D P I
E A D W O L D .
Bristol. V I I I .
Spelling :
E D P O L D
Gloucester. 2 ; 4.
Spelling :
E D P O L D
Salisbury. 2.
Spelling :
E D P O R D
Wallingford. C ; Hd 1 ; 3.
Spelling :
E D P O R D
I E D P I N E I E D P I E D P I N E E D P I N E I E D P I I E P I
Norwich. JE; E ; I ; I I ;
Hen x.
Spelling :
E A D P I N E
E D P I N E
Winchester. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ;
1; 3; 4-Spelling :
E D P I N E
Norwich. V ; V I I I ; 2.
Spelling :
E D P O L D
Salisbury. 4.
Spelling :
E D P O L D
1 A Numismatic History of William . and II.
E A L D G A R .
London. IE ; C ; E ; Hd 2 ;
I ; II ; III ; IV ; 4 (in
lead) Hen 1.
E L D C A E A L D C A R A L C A R
Spelling : E A L D C A R EALD<?7ER E A I C A R
Southwark. 2 ; 3 ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
A L C A R
E A R N W I .
Shrewsbury. E ; II ; IV ; VI ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling :
E A S T M / E R .
London. 5 ; Hen 1.
Spelling : E S T M I E R
Worcester. E ; Hd 2 ; II ; III ; VI ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling :
E A S T M 7 E R E S T M R E R E A S T M E R I E E S T M I E R E S T M I E R
E C G E R D . Probably a misreading of FOLEI£RD. Thetford. VI.
S p e l l i n g : EEFFERD
E D L G A E R D .
Stamford. 1.
S p e l l i n g : E D I C A E R D
E D O U F .
Cricklade. 2.
S p e l l i n g : E D O V F
E A R N P I I E R N E P I I E R N P I E R P I (?)
E R I C . See S E R I C .
The Moneyers.
E R V N . Probably a misreading of BRVN = BRVNIE. Tamworth. II.
S p e l l i n g : E R V N
E S - . See O S - .
F O L C ^ E R D .
Lincoln. 4 ; 5.
Spelling :
F O L E I E R D FOLCTIERD
Thetford. JE ; E ; IV ; V ;
V I ; mule of V I I — V I I I ;
F O R N A . Probably equivalent to Frona.
Nottingham. Hd 2 ; I ; II ; III ; IV.
Spelling :
F O R N A F O R N
F R I T H E G I S T .
Chester. II.
S p e l l i n g : F R I B E C I C T
F R O M A 1
F R O N A J
Cf. F O R N A .
Derby. E ; Hd 2 ; I ; V.
Spelling :
F R O A M F R O N A
G A R F I N 1
G A R V I N J
Lincoln. JE ; E ; Hd 2 (?); I.
S p e l l i n g : M A R V I N
G A R U L F .
Worcester. JE ; C ; E ; Hcl 2 ; II ; III ; V.
S p e l l i n g : C A R V L F
V I I I ; 1 ;
Hen 1.
Spelling :
F O L E I E R D F O L E A R D F O L I E R D F O L E R D
A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
G E C E V I N E .
Lincoln. II.
Spelling : FFEEEVINE, probably a misreading.
G I F E L
G I V E L
Lincoln. IE ; E ; I ; II.
Spelling :
G 1 F E L G I V E L
G O D — .
Thetford. I ; I I ; III .
Spelling : (?OD
G O D A .
Exeter. AE ; C ; I.
S p e l l i n g : C O D A
G O D E L E F .
Stamford. IE ; C ; V I I I .
Spelling :
C O D E L E F
G O D E S B R A N D .
Ba or Bu. V I I I .
Spelling :
C O D E S B R A H )
C. = Cricklade ( ? ) V I I I .
Spelling :
C O D E S B R A K )
Exeter. V I I .
Spelling :
C O D S B R A N D
Malmesbury. Mule of VII-
V I I I .
Spelling : C O D S B R A N D ( T O D S B R A H )
Thetford. E ; V I I I .
Spelling :
FFODELEF C O D E L F
Nottingham. VI .
Spelling : ( T O D B R A H D
Shaftesbury or Shrewsbury.
E ; V I ; V I I ; V I I I .
Spelling :
C O D E S B R A N D FFODSBRAH C O D S B R A N D C O D S B R A I D
Shrewsbury. E ; V I I I .
Spelling :
C O D S B R A N D
The Moneyers. i 3 9
G O D I N C .
London. C ; I I I ; IV
Spelling :
C O D I N E GOODIE
Thetford. V I I I ; 2
S p e l l i n g : C O D I N E
G O D N O D .
Winchester. I I ; III
S p e l l i n g : FFODNOB
G O D R A C I I
G O D R A E I J
Norwich. V.
Spelling :
(TODRAEI ( ? O D R A E I
G O D R ^ E D I
G U D R / E D J
Norwich. V I I I
Spelling : CODRID, probably a die-sinker's error for
(TODRIE
Rochester. IV ; 1 ; 2 ; 4.
Sj>elling : C V B R I E D C V B R E B
Thetford. V ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling : G*ODRIED C O B R I E D C O B R E B
G O D R E W I .
York. 4.
S p e l l i n g : G-ODREPI
1 A Numismatic History of William I and II.
G O D R I C .
Bedford. JE ; C ; E ; 2.
Spelling :
C O D R I E
Cambridge. JE ; I.
Spelling : C O D R I E
Canterbury. IE; C ; V I I ;
V I I I .
Spelling :
C O D R I E
Chester. C ; E ; II ; mule of
1-2 ; 2.
Spelling :
(TODRIE
Hastings. 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 5 ; Hen
I.
Spelling : C O D R I E
Hereford. 2.
Spelling : C O D R I E
Huntingdon. C ; E ; I ; mule
of I — I I ; II ; IV ; 2.
Spelling : C O D R I E
Launceston. V I I I .
Spelling : C O D R I E
Leicester. E ; V I I I ; 1 ; mule
of 1-2 ; 2.
C O D R I E
London. IE ; C ; Hcl 1 ; H c t ;
E ; Hd 2 ; I ; I I ; III ;
V ; VI ; V I I I ; Hen 1 ;
S.
Spelling :
C O D R I E Norwich. I V ; V ; V I I ; .
V I I I .
Spelling :
C O D R I E Salisbury. E ; I ; V ; V I I .
Spelling :
C O D R I E Southampton. C ; H c t ; II.
Spelling :
(TODRIE Southwark. E ; V I I ; V I I I .
Spelling :
C O D R I E Stafford. JE; V I I I ; 1 ; S.
Spelling :
C O D R I E Stamford. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ;
H c t ; E ; 5.
Spelling :
C O D R I E Thetford. E ; Hd 2 ; I ; II ;
III ; IV ; V ; VI ; V I I ;
V I I I ; 1 ; 2 ; 4.
Spelling :
C O D R I E C O R I E
Wilton. II ; III ; IV. .
Spelling :
C O D R I E
The Moneyers.
G O D R I C B R
G O D R I C B R D
Norwich. V I I I .
Spelling : C O D R I E B R C O D R I E B R D
G O D W I N E .
Chichester. E ; Hd 2 ; V ;
2 ; 4 ; 5 ; Hen. 1 ; S.
Spelling :
( 7 0 D P I N E Derby. JE ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling :
( T O D P I N E Dorchester. Hcl 1 ; H c t ; E ;
I V ; mule of I V — V ; V ;
V I .
Spelling :
C O D P I N E Huntingdon. E ; Hd 2; I I ;
V ; V I ; 3 ; S.
Spelling :
C O D P I N E Lincoln. JE ; C ; V ; V I ;
V I I I ; 2.
Spelling- :
C O D P I N E London. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ; Hct ;
E ; I ; I I ; I I I ; I V ; V ;
VI ; 2 ; 4 ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
C O D P I N E (TODPII G*ODPI CTODINE C O P I N E G»OPI
Norwich. C ; E ; Hcl 2 ; VI ;
V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling :
G*ODPINE Oxford. C ; Hd 1 ; Hct ; E ;
I I ; I I I ; I V ; V , 2; 4.
Spelling :
<?ODPIHE Salisbury. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ;
H c t ; E ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling :
C D D P I N E Sandwich. VIII .
Spelling :
C'ODPINE Southampton. II.
Spelling :
G»ODPINE Southwark. 2.
Spelling :
C O D P I N E Stafford. I I ; VIII .
Spelling :
C O D P I N E Thetford. JE ; C ; Hct ; E ;
I ; II ; I I I ; Hen. 1.
Spelling : <?ODPINE C'ODINE
1 A Numismatic History
G O D W I N E —continued—
Wareham. V ; V I ; V I I I ; 4.
Spelling :
C O D P I N E
Winchester. IE ; C ; Hcl 1 ;
H c t ; E ; I V ; V ; VI ;
V I I ; V I I I ; 1 ; mule of
G O L D .
Romney. 5
S p e l l i n g : C O L D
G O L D I N C .
Warwick. 1 ; 2 ; 4.
Spelling :
C O L D I N E
G O L D M A N .
Colchester. E ; Hd 2 ; I ;
S p e l l i n g : C O L D M A N
G O L D S T A R
Colchester. I ; II.
S p e l l i n g : C O L D S T A N
G O L D W I N E .
Colchester. V.
Spelling :
C O L D P I N E Dover. V I I I ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
C O L D P I N E C O L D P I I N E C O L D P I E C O L P I E
Ilchester. 4.
Spelling :
C O L D P I N E
William I. and II.
1-2 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; Hen 1 ;
S.
Spelling : C O D P I N E C O D P I E C O D P N E C O P I N
Winchester. III.
Spelling :
C O L D I N E
II.
Wilton. V.
Spelling : C O L D P I N E
Winchcombe. V ; V I I I .
Spelling :
C O L D P I H E
Winchester. IE ; E ; Hd 2 ;
V ; V I I I .
Spelling :
C O L D P I N E
The Moneyers.
G O N D I N R .
Romney. II.
Spelling : COKDIHR (probably a misreading). Authority,
late F. Spicer.
G V D N I C . Possibly = Guying.
Derby. 2.
Spelling : FFVDNIE (probably a misreading). Authority,
C. F. Keary.
G U D R / E D . See G O D R ^ D .
G Y W A T .
Huntingdon. 2.
Spelling : ( ? Y P A T C Y P A
H A R D O L F .
York. I ; II ; I V ; V ; VI ; 3.
Spelling : A R B V L F H A R O V I F H A R B O L F H A R B Y L F H A R B V L H R B O V L F H R B V O L F H R B V L
See also A L D V R O L F and O V D O L F .
H E R E G O D .
Oxford. E ; I ; II ; III ; IV ; VII .
Spelling : H I E R C O D H A R C O B HAREG* H E R E C O B
H A L D I N .
Nottingham. E ; VI ; 3 ; 5 ; Hen 1.
S p e l l i n g : H A L D I N
A Numismatic History of William I. and .
H A D E B R A N D .
Shrewsbury. 2 ; 4 ; 5.
Spelling : H A D B R A K ) H D B R A N D H D E B R A H )
H E A D E W U L F .
Worcester. E ; Hd 2 ; IV.
S p e l l i n g : H E A B E P V L F
H E D E W I .
Hereford. V.
S p e l l i n g : H E B E P I
H I R M [ O R ] ,
Stamford. 3 ; Hen 1.
S p e l l i n g : H I R M . .
H O W E O R D .
Norwich. V I I I ; 3 ; 4 ; Hen 1.
Spelling : H O P E O R D H O P I O R D H O P O R D
H W A T E M A N .
Bristol. H c t ; E ; V.
S p e l l i n g : H P A T E M A H
IE. See AL, the diphthong AL is generally represented by I E on the
coins of this period.
I D C F I S . Possibly a blundered form of I E L F S I = y E L F S I .
London. II.
S p e l l i n g : I D E F I S
I N H U H E .
Norwich. V I I I .
Spelling : I N H V H E I N H V E E
The Moneyers.
L E I G S I N G .
York. H d 2 ; II ; V I I ; V I I I ; 4 ; Hen 1.
L E O F N O D .
Chester. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ; H c t ; E ; 3 ; 4.
Spelling :
L I F N O B L I E N O B
L E O F R E D .
Cricklade. E ; I I ; I V ; V .
Spelling :
L E O F R E D L I O F R E D
Spelling :
L E I C Z I N C L E I < ? 2 I N E L E I S I N E L E C S I C
L E O F R I C .
Derby. V I I I .
Spelling :
L I F R I E
Dorchester. V I I I .
Spelling : L E O F R I E
Stamford. C ; Hd 1 ; E ;
I I ; III.
Spelling : L I O F R I E
London. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ; E ;
III.
Spelling : L I E R I E L I F R I E
Dover. JE\ V I I I ; mule of
1-2 ; 2.
Spelling : L V F R I E L V L F R I E
Leicester. E ; II.
Warwick. E ; VIII ; 1.
Spelling :
L I F R I E
Worcester. E ; Hd 2 ; I (var :
bust to right). Spelling :
Spelling : L I F R I E L V F R I E L I E R I E
VOL. III. L
1 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
L E O F S I .
London. C ; Hd 2 ; 2. Stamford. C ; 4 ; Hen 1 ; S.
Spelling :
L I F S I
Spelling : L I F S E I L I F S I
L E O F S T A N .
Ipswich. IE ; C ; E ; II ; mule of I I — I I I ; V ; VI ; VII .
Spelling :
L E O F S T A N L I O F S T A N L I F S T A N L F S T A N
Rochester. Hd 2; I I ; I V ; 4.
Spelling :
L I F S T A N L I F T A N
L I F S V N .
Hereford. 2 (?).
Spelling :
L I F S V N
Maldon. Mule of V I I — V I I I ;
V I I I ; r.
Spelling : L I F E S V N L I F S V N E
L E O F W I N E .
Bedford. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ; 1 ; 2. I l l ; I V ; V ; VI ; V I I I ;
Spelling :
L I F P I N E L I F P I
5-Spelling :
L E O F P I N E L I F P I N E
Berkeley. V I I I .
Spelling :
L I F P I N E
Chester. IE; C ; Hd 1 ;
H c t ; E ; V I I I ; 1 ; mule
of 1-2 ; 2.
Bristol. C ; Hd 1 ; H d 2 ; I ; Spelling :
L I F P I N E
The Moneyers.
L E O F WIN E—continued— Derby. E ; i ; 2.
Spelling :
L E O F P I N E L I F P I N E
Dover. JE ; C ; Hct ; E ;
V I I I ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 (249
and 250).
Spelling :
L I F P I N E Exeter. C ; Hd 1 ; E ; Hd 2 ;
I ; V I I I ; 2 ; 5.
Spelling : L I F P I N E L I F P I N J E L F P I N E
Gloucester. E ; I I I ; V.
Spelling : L I O F P I N E L I F P I N E
Hereford. 5.
Spelling :
L I F P I N E Ilchester. C ; E ; 2.
Spelling :
L I F P I N E Ipswich. V I I I ; Hen 1.
Spelling : L I F P I N E L F P I N E
Lincoln. JE ; C ; Hd 1; E ; 2.
Spelling :
L E F P I N E London. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ; E ;
2.
Spelling : L I F P I N E
Nottingham. 4.
Spelling :
L I F P I N E Oxford. Hd 1 ; E ; V I I I .
Spelling :
L I F P I N E Peterborough. 11.
Spelling :
L E O F P I N E Southwark. I I ; V ; V I ; 4 ;
5 ; Hen 1.
Spelling : L E O F P I N E L I O F P I N E L I F P I N E
Stamford. JE ; C ; H c t ; E ; Hd 2 ; I; mule of I — II ; I I I ; V ; VI.
Spelling : L E O F P I N E L I O F I N E L I F P I N E
Wareham. III.
Spelling : L I F V I N E
Winchester. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ;
E ; II.
Spelling :
L I O F I N E Yarmouth. V.
Spelling : L E O F P I N E
York. JE C ; III ; 2.
Spelling : L I F P I N E L V F P I N E
L 2
1 8 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
L E O F W I N E H O R N .
Rochester. E j V I I I .
S p e l l i n g : L I F P I N E H O R N
L E O F W O L D .
Lincoln. E ; V I I .
Spelling :
L I O F P O D
Norwich. II.
Spelling :
L I O F O L D
Wilton. M ; I V ; V I I ; mule
of V I I — V I I I .
Spelling :
L E O F P O L D L I F P O L D
L E O F W O R D .
Salisbury. 2.
Spell ing:
L I F P O R D
Southwark. V I I I ; 1 ; 2 ; 4 ;
Hen 1.
L E S I S .
Winchester. IE ; C ; E ; Hd 2 ; I ; III ; IV ; V ; V I ; V I I ; V I I I ; I.
Spelling : L E O F P O L D E E E P O L D L E F P O L D L E O P O L D L E O E P O L D L I O E F P O L D L I E F P O L D L I O F P O L D L I O F P O D L I F P O L D L I F P O D L I V F P O L D I O F P O L D L F O L D
Spel l ing: L I F P O R D L I F P P O R D
Stamford. III .
Spelling :
L I O F P O R D
Canterbury. 3.
S p e l l i n g : L E S I S
L I F — . See L E O F
The Moneyers. 9
L I F I N C . See also L E O F R I C and
Chester. C ; III ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling : L I F I N E L I F I N N E L F H E L I F I E L I F I N E LIFPITE
Dorchester. V I I I .
Spelling :
L I F I N E Exeter. C ; E ; H d 2 ; I.
Spelling :
L I V I N E London. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ; H c t ;
E ; III .
Spelling : L I F I E
M A N I C .
London. VI .
S p e l l i n g : M A N I E
M A N N A .
Canterbury.
IV ; V.
Spelling
E ; I ; I I ; III
M A N N A
M A N N
M A N
M M N A
M A N W I N E .
Dover. E ; I ; IV ; V ;
S p e l l i n g : M A N P I N E
L E O F W I N E .
Warwick. JE ; C ; E ; Hd 2 ;
IV ; V I I I .
Spelling :
L V F I N E L V F I E L V F F I N E L V F F I N
Winchester. C ; Hd 1 ; E ; Hd 2 ; I ; II ; III ; IV ; V ; VI ; VIII .
Spelling : L I F I N E L I F N E L I F I E L F N E L I N E L I V I N E L V F I N E
Exeter. JE ; C ; I (var : no
sceptre).
Spelling : M A N N A
Nottingham. Hd 2 ; III ; IV ; mule of V I I — V I I I ; VIII .
Spelling : M A N N A M A N A M A N
o » Hen 1.
1 A Numismatic History of William . and II.
0 >
N E C O L L . Perhaps = Nechol-as.
Thetford. 1 ; Hen r.
S p e l l i n g : N E E O L L
O D B E A R N . Cf O U D B E O R N .
Cambridge. IV.
S p e l l i n g : O D B E A R N
O R D G A R .
London. V I ; 3 ; 4 Spelling :
ORDFFAR O R D C A E R ORFFAR
O R D R I C .
Gloucester. Hd 2 ; I ; II.
Spelling :
O R D R I E
O R D W I .
Hereford. V I I I ; 2
O S B E A R N .
Salisbury. V I I ; mule of V I I —
Hen 1.
4! 5-
V I I I ; 1 ;
Hen 1.
Spelling :
E S B E R N E S B R N O S B E R N O S B R N
O S L A C . *
Lincoln.
4; 5
C ; III.
O S L A C Spelling
O S M ^ R .
Bath. E ; V ; V I I I .
S p e l l i n g : O S M I E R
Stafford. 2.
Spelling :
O D R I E , p e r h a p s for
CTODRIE
Thetford.
V.
IE; II ; III ; I V ;
E S B E A R N
E S B E R N
O Z B E A R N
O S B E A R N
O T B E A R N (?)
The Moneyers.
O S M U N D .
Shaftesbury. 5.
S p e l l i n g : O S M V H D .
Southwark. E ; H d 2 ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
S p e l l i n g : O S M V N D
O S W O L D .
Lewes. JE ; E ; Hd 2 ; III ; IV ; V ; V I I I ; Hen 1.
S p e l l i n g : O S P O L D
O T E R .
Dorchester. V ; V I ; V I I ; V I I I ; 5.
Spelling :
O T E R O E T E R
O U D B E O R N .
York. C ; E ; Hd 2 ; I I ; I V ; V I I I ; 3.
Spelling :
O U D G R I M .
Lincoln. JE ; C ; Hd 1 ; E ; York. JE ; C ; E ; Hd 2 ; I ;
O V D B E O R H O V B B E R H O B T E B R H
V P B B R H V P B B E R N
II. II ; IV.
Spelling :
O V B F F R I H
Spelling :
OBFFRIM
OVBC7RIM 8 V B ( ? R I M O B C R I M ODG^RIM O E B C R I M
O U D O L F .
York. JE; E ; Hd 2 ; I ; II.
Spell ing:
A V B O L F O B O L F O V B O L F
See also A L D V R O L F and H A R D O L F .
1 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
O W L
Wilton. I ; I I ; IV.
Spelling : OPI
R E F W I N E .
Worcester. II.
S p e l l i n g : R E F P I N E
R O S E E T E L .
York. Hd 2 ; II.
S p e l l i n g : R O S E E T E L
S ^ F A R A .
Salisbury. 1.
Spelling :
S A F A R D
Thetford. 2.
Spelling :
Wilton. II ; III ; IV.
Spelling :
2 E F A R
SAL V A R A
S I E V A R A S E F A R E
S ^ E G E L W I N E .
Canterbury. IV.
S p e l l i n g : S I E C E L P I N E
S ^ E G O D .
Bedford. E ; Hd 2 ; II ; III ; I V ; V ; 1 ;
Spelling :
S I E C O D S I C O D
S ^ G R I M .
Canterbury. 1.
Spelling :
S E C R I M
Gloucester. 2.
Spelling :
S E C R I M
Shrewsbury. V ; V I I ; V I I I ;
1 ; 2.
Spelling :
S E C R I M
The Moneyers. 3
S / E M . E R .
Canterbury. V I I I ; 4 ; Hen. 1.
S p e l l i n g : S I M I E R Exeter. V I I ; V I I I .
S p e l l i n g : S I M I E R
S y E W E A R D .
Barnstaple. V ; V I ; V I I I .
Spelling : S E P O R D
Colchester. 2 ; 3.
Spelling : S I P O R D
Exeter. II ; III ; V,
Spelling : SISLPEARD S I E P A R D S E P O R D
Lincoln. V.
Spelling : S I P O R D
S / E W I N E .
Exeter. JE ; C ; E ; IV ; V ;
V I ; V I I ; V I I I ; 1.
Spelling :
S I E P I N E
S E P I N E
Gloucester. 4 ; Hen 1.
Spelling : S E P I N E
Hastings. 2 ; S.
Spelling :
S E F P I E
Hertford. E ; V I I I .
Spelling :
S E M I E R
Malmesbury. V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling :
S E P O R D
Winchester. Hd 1 ; Hct ;
III ; IV ; V ; VI ; V I I ;
mule of V I I — V I I I ; V I I I ;
Hen 1 ; S.
Spelling : S E P A R D S I P A O R D S I P E A R D S I P I O R D S I P O R D S I P P O R D
Huntingdon. JE ; E ; IV ; 1 ;
Hen 1. Spelling :
S I E P I N E S I E P I S E P I N E
Northampton. II.
Spelling :
S I E P I N E Southampton. E ; Hd 2 ; II ;
I V ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling : S/E.PINE S I E P I N E S I E P I S E P I N E
1 154 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
S^EW IN E—continued— Southwark. 2.
Spelling :
S E P I N E
Wilton. IE ; E ; I ; II ; III ;
I V ; V ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling :
S I E F P I N E
S y E W O L D .
Gloucester. 2 ; 4.
S p e l l i n g : S E P O L D
S E F M R O I .
Wilton.
S p e l l i n g : S E F M R O I
S E G W E A R D .
Lincoln. II ; III .
Spelling :
S E C P E A R D Z E C P A P A R D
S E R I C .
Guildford. I V ; V I I I ; 4,
Spelling :
S E R I E E R I E (?)
S I B O D E .
London. I l l -
S p e l l i n g : S I B O D E
S I B R A N D .
Bedford. I ; I I I ; V I I I .
S p e l l i n g : S I B R A N D
S I D E L O C .
Wareham. VIII .
S p e l l i n g : S I D E L O C
S I E P I N E S I E P I S E P I N E S A V I N E
Worcester. V I I I ; 2.
Spelling :
S E P I N E
The Moneyers.
S I D E M A N .
Wareham. E ; I ; I I I ; IV.
Spelling : S I D E M A N S E O I F - M A N
S I F E R D .
Lincoln. II ; III ; IV ; V ; V I I I .
Spelling :
S A I F P A R B S E F P A R D 2 E L P A R D S I F E R D SICTVERID S I F F A R D S I F R E D S I H F E O R D S I H P O R D
S I G E W U L F .
Watchet. V I ; V I I I ; 4.
Spelling :
S I L ^ E C A N D \
S I L - i E C W I N E j
Gloucester. E ; II ; V ; V I I I .
Spelling :
S K 7 0 V L F SIG^OLF S I P O L F
S I L A E E S I L A E S I L I E E P I N E S I L A E P I N E
S 1 V L E W 1 N E .
Bristol. E ; 4. London. 3 : 5 ; Hen 1 ; S. Spelling :
S M I E P I N E S M I E P I T E
Spelling :
S M I P I
1 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
S P E R H A V O C .
Warwick. C (?) ; 2 ; Hen 1.
S p e l l i n g : S P E R H A F V E
S P R ^ E C L I N C .
Chichester. V I I I . Winchester. E ; Hd 2 ; V I I I .
Spelling :
S P R I E E L I N E S P R A E L I N E
Spelling :
S P R I E E L I N E S P R E E L I N Z
S P R O T .
Southwark. 2 ; 3 ; 5 ; Hen 1.
S p e l l i n g : S P R O T > o >
S U N O V L F .
Chester. V I I I ; 1 ; 2.
Spelling : S V N O V L F S V N O L F V N N V L F
S W A R T B R A N D .
Wallingford (?). VI.
S p e l l i n g : S P A R T B R ^ H D S W E A R T C O L .
York. IE; E ; H d 2 ; II.
S p e l l i n g : S P E A R T E O L S W E A R T L I N C .
Wallingford. H d 1 ; E ; Hd 2 ; I ; II ; III ; I V ; V ; V I ;
V I I ; V I I I .
Spelling : S P E A R T L I N E S P E A R T L I N E S P E A R T I N E S P E A T L I N E S P A R T L I N E S P A R T L I N I E S P E O R T N E S P E R T I N E S P I R T I N E S P I R T I E S P R T I E S P E T L I N D
The Moneyers.
S W E G E N .
Bristol. V I I I .
Spelling :
SPEG^N S P E I N
Colchester. 4 ; 5.
Spelling :
SPIGVEN S I P I C E N
S W E T M A N .
London. JE ; E ; Hd 2 ; I.
Spelling :
S P E T H A H
S W E O T I N C .
Exeter. I l l ; mule of I l l -
Spelling :
S P E O T I N E S P O T T I N E
SPOTTING* S P O T I N E
D I O D R E D .
Hastings. E ; Hd 2 ; I.
Spelling :
D I O D R E D
D I E D R I C .
Hertford. V I I I ; 1 ; 2 ; 4. Spelling :
B I E D R I E B I D R I E B I D R I I D E D R I E
Ipswich. V I I I .
Spelling :
S P E C E N S P E C N
Oxford. E ; V I I I ; 5 ; Hen 1.. Spelling :
S P E T M A N S I P E T M A N
Southampton. E ; Hd 2 ; I L Spelling :
S P E T M A N
- I V ; IV.
Warwick. 1 ; 2.
Spelling : D I D R I E D D I D R E D
London. 3 ; 4 ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
B I D R I E
D V R I E
A Numismatic History of William I an II.
D O R - .
York. E ; I I ; V I ;• V I I I .
Spelling : DOR D O R R D O V R
D V R B E R N .
Steyning. II ; V I I I ; 2 ; 5.
Spelling :
D V R B E R N D V R B R N D V R B E N D V R B E N D R B E N
D U R C I L .
Warwick. I ; V I I I ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
D V R E I L D R E I L
D U R C I T E L .
Bristol. 3 ; Hen 1 ; S ; Matilda.
S p e l l i n g : D V R E I T
D U R G R I M .
Norwich. E ; XI; IV.
• Spel l ing: D V R C R I M D V R E C R I M D V R C R M
D U R S T A N .
Lincoln. Hd 1 ; :i ; mule of 1-—2 ;
Spelling : D V R S T A N D V R E S T A N D V R S T D E A R S T A N
The Moneyers. 9
York. JE ; C ; E ; Hd 2 ; I ;
II.
Spelling :
VLFKETEL
VXFKEEEL
VLFEETEL
T V R R I .
St. David's. V I I I .
Spelling : TVRRI
U H T R E D .
London. E ; III .
Spelling : VHTRED
U L F C I T E L .
Cambridge. V I I ; V I I I .
Spelling :
VLFEITL
VLFEIL
Norwich. JE ] V I I I ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
V L F E I T E L
VLFEITL
V L E I T L
U L F .
Lincoln. JE ; C ; E ; I V ; V I I I ; 1 ; 2 ; Hen 1.
Spelling : VLF
U L F - . See W U L F - .
U N S W A C .
Lincoln. IV ; V ; VI.
Spelling : VNSPAE
VNSPAE
W A L G T E E R . Possibly intended for W A L T E R .
London. 2.
Spelling : PALCTEER
W I B E R N .
Cambridge. E ; 1.
Spelling : PIBERN
W I D E M A N .
W allingford. VII .
Spelling : piDEMAN
1 A Numismatic History of William I. an II.
WIGINE. Worcester. E ; I.
S p e l l i n g : P I C I N E
W I H T R I C .
Lincoln. I V ; V.
Spelling : PIHTRIE W I M U N D .
Winchester. V ; V I I I ; 2 , - 3 ; Hen 1.
Spelling : P I M V K D
W I N E M ) G .
Canterbury. C ; Hd r ; H c t ; Lincoln. 3.
V I I I ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 5; Spel l ing: H e n 1. P I N D E I
P I N D I Spel l ing: Romney. V I I I
Spelling : P I N E D E I P I N E D I
P I N E D I
P I N D E I
P I N D I E P I N D E I
W I N F R / E D .
Canterbury. C ; H d 1 ; I.
Spelling : P I N F R E D
W I N R / E D .
Lewes. I l l ; I V ; V I ; V I I ; V I I I ; 2 ; 4 ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
P I N E R J E D P I N E R E D P I N R I E D P I N R E D
W I X I E .
Ilchester. I ; II ; III ; V I
Spelling : P I X I E P I X S I P I E H X S E I
W U L - . See W U L F - .
The Moneyers.
W U L F B O L D .
Canterbury. V I I I ; 4.
Spelling :
P V L B O L D P V L B O D
C ; Hd 1 ;
Hen 1.
H d I I ;
W U L F G A R .
London. JE ;
Hd 2 5 2 ;
Spelling : P V L C A R
W U L F G E A T .
Gloucester. E
III ; V ; V I I I .
Spelling : P V L F C E A T P V L E F F E A T P V L F C E T V F ( ? I E T
W U L F M t E R .
Romney. C ; E ; Hd 2 ; I ;
V I I I ; 2 ; 4.
Spelling : P V L F M J E R P V L F M I E R P V L F M E R P V L M I E R
W U L F N O D .
London. JE ; C ; 4.
Spelling : P V L H O B
W U L F R E D .
Canterbury. E
Spelling . P V L F R E B P V I F R E D P V F R E D
VOL. III.
Southwark. 2 ; 4
Spelling :
PVLFFAR
Shaftesbury. 2.
Spelling :
P V L F C I E D
Shrewsbury. JE :
Hd 2; IV.
Spelling : P V L F M I E R
Stafford. E (?) ; II
Spelling :
P V L F N O B
Hd 2 ; I ; S.
A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
W U L F R I C .
Canterbury. I V ; V ; V I I I ;
Hen i.
Spelling :
P V L F R I E Colchester. IE ; V I I I .
Spelling :
P V L F R I E London. IE ; C ; E ; I V ; 2.
Spelling :
P V L F R I E Norwich. 4 (249).
Spelling :
V L F R I
W U L F S I .
Lincoln. II.
S p e l l i n g : P V L F Z I P V L S I
W U L F S T A N .
Cricklade. V.
Spelling :
P V L S T A H Lincoln. IV.
Spelling :
P V L S T A N
W U L F W I N E .
Canterbury. IE ; Hcl 1 ; III ;
3 ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
P V L F P I N E Colchester. IE ; C ; Hd 1 ;
E ; Hd 2 ; III ; V ; V I I I ;
Hen 1.
Spelling :
P V L F P I N E P V L F P I E
Nottingham. 1 ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
P V L F R I E
Shrewsbury. 3.
Spelling :
P V L F R I E
Sudbury. V I I I ; 2 ; 3 ; 5 ;
Hen 1.
Spelling :
P V L F R I E
London. IE ; C ; Hd 1 ; E
IV.
Spelling :
P V L S T A N
Exeter. E ; I V ; V ; V I ; 3.
Spelling : P V L F P I N E P V L F P N E
Ipswich. I I ; V I I I .
Spelling :
P V L F P I N E
The Moneyers.
W U L F W I N E —continued—
London. JE ; C ; Hd i ; E ;
I ; I (var : bust to right)
II ; III ; IV ; V I I ; 2 ;
3 ; 4 ; 5 ; Hen 1.
Spelling : P V L F P I N E P V L P I N E P V L F I E P V L F I P V L E I N
Maldon. Hd 1 ; 2.
Spelling : P V L F P I N E P V L F P I N N E
Nottingham. 3.
Spelling : P V L F P I N E
Oxford. JE ; C ; E ; II ; I I I ;
IV ; V I ; V I I ; V I I I ; 1 ;
2.
Spelling : P V L F P I
W U L F W O R D .
Colchester. V I I .
Spelling :
P V L F P O D
London. Hd 1 ; E ; Hd 2 ;
IV ; V ; 4 ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
P V L F P O R D
Rochester. I l l ; 3 ; Hen 1.
Spelling : P V L F P I N E
Southampton. III.
Spelling : P V L P I
South wark. 5.
Spelling :
P V L F I
Stamford. E ; III.
Spelling :
P V L F P I N E
Wallingford. M \ C ; Hd 1 ;
E ; VII .
Spelling :
P V L F P I N E
Winchester. 2 ; Hen 1.
Spelling :
P V L F P I N E
Nottingham. 3.
Spelling :
P V L F P O R D Sandwich. 5 ; Hen 1.
Spelling : P V L F P O R
Stamford. VI ; V I I I ; 2.
Spelling : P V L F P O R D P V L F P O R
M 2
1 6 4 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
C H A P T E R V I I .
T H E D O M E S D A Y BOROUGI-IS.
T h e numismatic importance of a place having the status of a
borough has not, it is thought, been hitherto sufficiently recognised.
In Chapter V. reference was made to the law of ^ithelstan
enacted at the Synod of Greatley, and to the fact that in addition to>
the provision made for there being moneyers in certain important
places specified in that law, it was thereby also ordained that there
should be one moneyer "elsewhere in the other Burghs."
Mr. Ballard in The Domesday Borottghspp. 9-10, gives a list of'
all those places which in Domesday Book are either expressly styled!
boroughs or are stated to contain burgesses.
He classifies them into :
A. Composite boroughs, or those of heterogeneous tenure ;
B. Simple boroughs, or those of homogeneous tenure,, or
ownership ;
ancl he sub-classifies the Composite boroughs into :
1. County boroughs,
2. Ouasi-county boroughs.
For the purposes of the present work the main classification into^
(A) Composite boroughs, and (B) Simple boroughs, is sufficient, and in
the compilation of the following lists Mr. Ballard's attribution of a
borough to one class or the other has been adopted, except where
specified to the contrary and indicated by italics.
In each list the existence of a mint in Saxon ancl Norman times,
or, to write definitely, (i) at any time prior to the reign of William I.
and (ii) at any time during the reign of either William I. or William II.
is noted.
1 The Domesday Boroughs, by Adolphus Ballard, B.A., LL.B., Clarendon Press,. Oxford, 1904.
The Domesday Boroghs. 165
( A . ) C O M P O S I T E B O R O U G H S , comprising county boroughs
and quasi-county boroughs.
Name of borough. County wherein situate. Remarks.
Arundel ... Sussex No coins attributed to.
Axbridge ... Somerset J JJ Barnstaple Devonshire ... Mint : Saxon and Norman.
Bath Somerset ... JJ >> JJ Bedford Bedfordshire JJ J> 3 J Bridport ... Dorset Mint : Norman only.
Bristol Gloucestershire tt Saxon and Norman.
Bruton ... ... Somerset JJ Saxon only.
Buckingham Buckinghamshire ' JJ Calne Wiltshire No coins attributed to.
Cambridge Cambridgeshire Mint : Saxon and Norman.
Canterbury- Kent » J) 5) Chester Cheshire JJ JJ Chichester Sussex J> JJ JJ Colchester Essex JJ JJ JJ Cricklade ... ... Wiltshire JJ JJ JJ Derby Derbyshire ... 11 JJ JJ Dorchester Dorset t> JJ JJ Dover Kent tj JJ JJ Droitwich... Worcestershire No coins attributed to.
Dunwich ... Suffolk Mint Saxon only.
Exeter Devonshire ... JJ Saxon and Norman.
Gloucester Gloucestershire t) JJ JJ Grantham... Lincolnshire... No coins attributed to.
Guildford Surrey Mint Saxon and Norman.
Hastings ... Sussex JJ JJ Hereford ... Herefordshire >» JJ JJ Hertford ... Hertfordshire » JJ JJ Huntingdon Huntingdonshire JJ JJ JJ Hythe Kent JJ JJ JJ Ilchester ... Somerset JJ JJ JJ Ipswich ... Suffolk JJ JJ JJ Langport ... Somerset JJ Saxon only.
Leicester ... Leicestershire JJ Saxon and Norman.
Lewes Sussex
„ JJ JJ Lincoln Lincolnshire •
„ JJ JJ
166 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
Name of borough. County wherein situate. Remarks.
London ... Middlesex Mint Saxon and Norman.
Lydford ... Devonshire ... ) ) Saxon only.
Maldon Essex »> Saxon and Norman.
Malmesbury Wiltshire J> 33 Milbourne Somerset 33 Saxon only.
Northampton Northamptonshire ... » Saxon and Norman.
Norwich ... Norfolk >> 33 33 Nottingham Nottinghamshire 33 3 3 3 3 Oxford Oxfordshire ... 33 33 33 Pevensey ... Sussex It Norman only.
Reading ... Berkshire J) Saxon .only.
Rhuddlan... Cheshire ( D . B f 33 Norman only.
Rochester... Kent 33 Saxon and Norman.
Romney ... Kent 33 33 33 Salisbury ... Wiltshire 33 33 33 Sandwich ... Kent 33 33 33 Shaftesbury Dorset 33 33 3 3 Shrewsbury Shropshire ... •33 33 33 Southampton Hampshire ... 33 33 .33 Southwark Surrey 33 33 . 33 Stafford Staffordshire... J) 33 3 3 Stamford ... Lincolnshire... 33 33 33 Sudbury ... Suffolk 33 3 3 33 Tamworth Warwickshire 33 33 33 Thetford Norfolk ... 33 33 33 Torksey ... Lincolnshire... 33 Saxon only.
Totnes ... Devonshire ... 5) Saxon and Norman.
Twynham... Hampshire ... 5) Norman only.
Wallingford Berkshire >> Saxon and Norman.
Wareham ... Dorset 3 3 33 33 Warwick ... Warwickshire 33 33 33 Wilton Wiltshire 33 33 33 Wimbourne Dorset No coins attributed to.
Winchcombe Gloucestershire Mint: Saxon and Norman. Winchester Hampshire ... 33 33 3 3 Worcester... Worcestershire 33 33 33 Yarmouth... Suffolk 33 Norman only.
York Yorkshire 33 Saxon and Norman.
1 In Flintshire but then attached to Chester.
The Domesday Boroiighs. 167
Salisbury is excluded by Mr. Ballard from his list of Domesday
Boroughs, although he mentions that it is included as such in Professor
Tait's map in the Historical Atlas of Modern Europe. It possessed a
mint in both Saxon and Norman times ancl contains the style of
borough in its name.
N o coins have been attributed to Arundel (D.B. Harundel),
Axbridge {D.B. Aissebrige), Calne, Droitwich {D.B. Wich), Grantham,
and Wimbourne {D.B. Winborne and Winburne).
A s regards Arundel it would seem that the place owed its chief
importance to the existence there of Earl Roger's Castle, but as Earl
Roger also owned the city of Chichester, it was probably deemed
expedient to carry on any coinage that was required at that ancient
mint. In reference to the other towns it is possible that coins of the
places mentioned below in the first column, may lie unappropriated
amongst those attributed to the more important mints specified in the
second column :
Bruton, Buckingham, Dunwich, Langport, Lydford, Milbourne,
Reading and Torksey were mints in Saxon times and retained the
status of boroughs in Domesday, but no Norman coins have hitherto
been attributed to them.
On the other hand Bridport, Pevensey, Rhuddlan, Twynham
(Christchurch) ancl Yarmouth appear only as mints in Norman times.
They are all styled boroughs in Domesday, ancl coins of all are now
known, the attributions to Twynham and Yarmouth having been
made by the present writer.
W e now come to the simple boroughs, or those owned entirely by
one person, whether the king or a subject. Some of these appear to
have developed on otherwise purely agricultural estates, whilst others
Possible Mints. Mints.
Grantham {D.B. Grantham).
Wimbourne {D.B. Winburne),
Axbridge {D.B. Aissebrige).
Calne {D.B, Calne).
Droitwich {D.B. Wich).
Axminster (?), Exeter, etc.
Canterbury.
Winchester ancl Worcester.
Cambridge {D.B. Grantebrige).
Winchester.
1 6 8 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
arose around the castles of feudal lords and all, or nearly all, appear to
have become of any consequence just before or shortly after the
Conquest.
( B . ) S I M P L E B O R O U G H S .
Name of borough. County wherein situate. Domesday owner. Remarks.
Ashwell ... Hertfordshire Abbot of Westminster No mint.
Beccles ... Suffolk Church of St. Edmund ... JJ Bedwin ... Wiltshire... The King Mint: Saxon and
Norman.1
Berkeley ... Gloucestershire ... The King Mint: Saxon and
Norman.
Berkhamsted Hertfordshire Earl of Mortain ... No mint.
Bradford Wiltshire... Church of Shaftesbury 33 Bridlington Yorkshire The King ... 33 Bury St. Edmund's Suffolk The church of St. Edmund Mint: Saxon and
Norman.
Castle Clifford ... Herefordshire ... Ralph de Todeni ... No mint.
Clare Suffolk Richard, son of Earl Gilbert ) )
Devizes2 ... Wiltshire The King ...
Durham ... Northumbria3 ... The Bishop of Durham ... Mint : Norman only.
Eye Suffolk Robert Malet No mint.
Fordwich ... Kent Church of St. Augustine ... 33 Launceston Cornwall... Canons of St. Stephen Mint: Saxon and
Norman.
Louth Lincolnshire Bishop of Lincoln... No mint.
Marlborough Wiltshire The King ... Mint: Norman only.
Newark ... Nottinghamshire Bishop Remigius ... Mint: Saxon (?)
Newport ... Buckinghamshire Wm. FitzAnsculf ... Mint: Saxon only.
Okehampton Devonshire Baldwin the Sheriff No mint.
1 Transferred by William I. to Marlborough. 2 JD.B. Theodulveside. 8 D.B.
The Domesday Boroghs. 169
Name of borough. County wherein situate.
Penwortham1
Pershore ...
Pocklington
Pontefract2
Quatford ...
Rye
.St. Alban's
St. David's
Seasalter ...
•Stanstead...
Steyning ...
Taunton ...
Tewkesbury
Tutbury ...
Warminster
Watchet ...
Wigmore ...
Cheshire {D.B.)
Worcestershire
Yorkshire
Yorkshire
Shropshire
Sussex ...
Hertford...
Pembrokeshire
Kent
Hertfordshire
Sussex
Somerset
Gloucestershire
Staffordshire
Wiltshire...
Somerset
Herefordshire
Domesday owner.
Roger Pictavensis...
St. Peter's, Westminster ...
The King ...
The King, after him Ilbert
de Lacy.
Earl Roger
The church of Fecamp ...
The church of St. Alban ...
Archbishop of Canterbury
Ralf, brother of Ilger
The Church of Fecamp ...
The Bishop of Winchester
The King
Henry de Ferrers ...
The King ...
William de Moion
Ralph de Mortemer
Remarks.
No mint.
Mint: Norman only.
No mint. »
Mint : Saxon and
Norman.
Mint: Saxon and
Norman.
No mint.
>)
Mint: Saxon only.
Mint: Saxon and
Norman.
No mint.
O f the above-ment ioned simple boroughs Berke ley , B u r y St .
E d m u n d ' s , M a r l b o r o u g h , L a u n c e s t o n and W a t c h e t are omitted from
M r . Bal lard 's list on the g r o u n d that none of them is referred to in
D o m e s d a y B o o k as b e i n g a borough or as containing burgesses.
D u r h a m and St. D a v i d ' s are both situate outside of the area
c o v e r e d by D o m e s d a y .
N e w p o r t in B u c k i n g h a m s h i r e would appear to h a v e been
o v e r l o o k e d , as the term " b u r g e n s e s " occurs in the entry relative
thereto (D.B. i, 148 b. 2).
M a r l b o r o u g h contains the style in its designation and is classed as
a borough b y Professor T a i t . O u r numismatic evidence shows that
1 D.B. Peneverdant; near Preston, Lancashire. 2 D.B. Tateshalle.
170 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
William I., early in his reign, transferred the Bedwin mint to this
place.
Fordwich is classed by Mr. Ballard as a composite borough, but
at the time of Domesday Book it belonged in its entirety to St.
Augustine's, Canterbury.
In addition to the places specified in the above two lists of
composite and simple boroughs respectively existing at the time of the
compilation of Domesday Book, there were many other places which
undoubtedly had been boroughs in Saxon times and which, as such,
possessed mints and exercised the right of coinage.
In many instances the exercise of such rights had been abandoned
prior to the Conquest and the places had lost or abandoned their
status as boroughs.
There are omissions and inaccuracies in the lists of pre-Conquest
mints, given by Mr. Ballard on the authority of Professor York
Powell's article in the English Historical Review, xi, 759, but it is
outside the scope of the present treatise to deal with these.
From the evidence above set out, it would seem that the following-' o
conclusions may be safely deduced : —
1. That every borough existing in the reign of /Ethelstan
possessed a mint.
2. That a place on becoming a composite borough prior to
the reign of William I. became possessed of a mint.
3. That simple boroughs belonging to the king had a mint or
not according to his pleasure.
4. That a composite borough possessing a pre-Conquest mint
was with few exceptions allowed to continue the
operation of the same.
5. That a simple borough created or granted to a subject
after the Conquest, had no mint unless the same was
specifically granted.
T h e separate histories of the mints will follow in the order given
below, but it is quite possible that some modification and additions may
be made when the histories are completed for publication.
The Mints. 171
T H E M I N T S
B E D F O R D S H I R E —
Bedford.
B E R K S H I R E —
Wallingford.
C A M B R I D G E S H I R E —
Cambridge.
C H E S H I R E —
Chester.
Rhuddlan (Flintshire).
C O R N W A L L —
Launceston.
D E R B Y S H I R E —
Derby.
D E V O N S H I R E —
Barnstaple.
Exeter.
Totnes.
D O R S E T —
Bridport.
Dorchester.
Shaftesbury.
Wareham.
D U R H A M —
Durham.
E S S E X —
Colchester.
Maldon.
F L I N T S H I R E -
'S^ Cheshire—Rhuddlan.
W I L L I A M I. A N D II.
G L O U C E S T E R S H I R E —
Berkeley.
Bristol.
Gloucester.
Winchcombe.
H A M P S H I R E —
Southampton.
Twynham (Christchurch).
Winchester.
H E R E F O R D S H I R E —
Hereford.
H E R T F O R D S H I R E
Hertford.
H U N T 1 N G D 0 N S H I R E —
Huntingdon.
K E N T —
Canterbury.
Dover.
Hythe.
Rochester.
Romney.
Sandwich.
L E I C E S T E R S H I R E —
Leicester.
L I N C O L N S H I R E —
Lincoln.
Stamford.
M I D D L E S E X
London.
N O R F O L K —
Norwich.
Thetford.
172 A Numismatic History of William I. and II.
N O R T H A M P T O N S H I R E — -
Northampton.
Peterborough.
Stamford (see Lincolnshire),
N O T T I N G H A M S H I R E —
Nottingham.
• O X F O R D S H I R E —
Oxford.
P E M B R O K E S H I R E —
St. David's.
S H R O P S H I R E —
Shrewsbury.
S O M E R S E T —
Bath.
Ilchester.
Taunton.
Watchet.
S T A F F O R D S H I R E —
Stafford.
S U F F O L K —
Bury St. Edmund's.
Ipswich.
Sudbury.
Yarmouth.
S U R R E Y —
Guildford.
South wark.
S U S S E X —
Chichester.
Hastings.
Lewes.
Pevensey.
Steyning.
W A R W I C K S H I R E —
Tamworth.
Warwick.
W I L T S H I R E —
Bedwin.
Cricklade.
Malmesbury.
Marlborough.
Salisbury.
Wilton.
W O R C E S T E R S H I R E —
Worcester.
Y O R K S H I R E —
York.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BUSTS OF JAMES I. SILVER COINAGE. (No. 16, Gold).
XVII. CENTURY.
ON HIS