Post on 27-Dec-2015
A New NationA New NationExpansion and ChangeExpansion and Change
- Create Court system- Judiciary act of 1789- federal courts, district courts, appeals
- George Washington- Organize Executive branch- Department of State, Dept of War, Dept of Treasury- cabinet-advisors of pres.- Hamilton (strong gov, federalist) vs. Jefferson (weak gov,
democrat-Republicans)- loose vs. strict interpretation of Constitution- 1st political parties
- Whiskey Rebellion- challenge power of govt, govt held strong
- Pres avoids foreign conflict- Britain, France- French insult us XYZ affair, treat us as 2nd rank govt.
• 2nd pres- John Adams• People continue to Move west, fight natives
1800 - Jeffersonian Era (3rd pres)-– Republicanism- smaller govt.
1803 Marbury vs. Madison- Judicial Review- determine if laws are unconstitutional
1803 Louisiana Purchase- - Louisiana given to France 1800 by Spain, Napoleon sells to us to make British mad,
pay for his war, 15 million $
1804- Lewis and Clark- explore
1806 new territory, St. Louis- Pacific Coast
War of 1812- War of 1812- – Reason- Impressment- take US ships, men- force into
Royal Navy- British supplying Natives with weapons, want to prove themselves, want Canada
– Battles- Canada, Lake Erie, New Orleans, Washington DC- no winner decide not to fight
– Outcomes- no more federalist, growth in Industry, confirms US as Independent nation
Foreign Policy- 1810-1820’s-• US foreign policy- establish northern border, reduce
tensions with Canada (Britain) in Great Lakes, share Oregon, gains Florida from Spanish.
• Monroe (pres) Doctrine- 1823- European powers not interfere in Americas, US won’t interfere in Europe
• Industrialization- growth of water, steam powered machines, factories (early 1800s)– New England- depends of Shipping and trade– Northwest farmers- sell crops to cities, buy
manufactured goods• Agriculture- South
– Invention of Cotton Gin, 1793- sort out seeds, makes cotton profitable
– More slaves needed to grow more cotton- Slavery spreads west in the South- North begins to outlaw slavery
• American System- unite economies-country self sufficient- goods to south and west- food and raw materials to north (after War of 1812)– Protective tariff- make US products cheaper than
Europe’s– National bank- common currency– Improve transportation- roads, canals
Tensions in North and South • Missouri Compromise 1820- conflict over admitting new
states- slave vs. free- balance in Senate- agree to add one slave and one free- line drawn- below slave, above free
• Protective tariffs hurt South cotton exports- Nullification crisis- try to nullify tax (state declare law null in void, no good) threaten to leave union- states can’t nullify a law- agree to reduce tax
Government changes• Adams vs. Jackson- Jacksonian Democracy- common
person source of American strength (1820s)– Split of Democrats and Republicans – Less voting restrictions– Spoils system- pres. appointees serve 4 years, replaced
by new pres• National Bank ended- reduce govt interference in economy,
hurts economy, bank panic/closure
Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny• Native American Removal- 1830- Indian Removal Act- $
to negotiate treaties- Cherokee won in Supreme Court but ruling was ignored- Indians pushed west
Expansion fever- 1840’s• Economics- search for land- economic problems in east• Native Troubles- agree to give natives plains in
exchange for not attacking settlers moving through- whites move into plains anyway
• Santa Fe trial- Missouri-New Mexico and back- traders exchange goods
• Oregon trail- first by Missionaries, followed by settlers, took months, many hardships
• Mormon migration- to avoid persecution move to Utah
Texas IndependenceTexas Independence
1820’s-30s few Mexican settlers, trade more w/ US, cheap land bought by Americans – 1830- problems grow, Mexico tries to stop US settlers
more come, high taxes on trade- Austin imprisoned when visiting Mexico
– 1836- Santa Anna- troops to Texas, fight at the Alamo, US settlers defeated
– 1836- Texans defeat Santa Anna, declare independence, - Sam Houston elected president
– 1845- Texas joins US- slave vs. free states tension continues
War with Mexico- 1846War with Mexico- 1846– Texas- Mexico border dispute-
• US tries to buy territory $25 million, Mexico ignores US, • troops sent to Rio Grande Border• Americans killed, Congress declares war even though many against it
– New Mexico willing to join US- no shots fired– California- rebels declare Independence, join US, Mexican
forces retreat– US marches into Mexico and Mexico city, total defeat
1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- border established at Rio Grande, lost New Mexico, Arizona, California- US paid Mexico 15 million-10 million more 5 years later to move border south
1849California Gold Rush- Gold at Sutter’s mill, Sacramento, Ca- people rush to mine gold from US, Asia, Europe, SA- California population, economy booms
ReformReform
1800-1830s 2nd Great Awakening- religious revivals- many join churches– some challenge church– African American churches also grew
• Abolitionists grow– 1835- American Anti-slavery Society– Frederick Douglas- educated, escaped slave,
abolition without violence– Turner’s Rebellion- slaves fight back