A Lawn Deterioration Model Constructed from Image Data

Yurie Enomoto, Chisato Ishikawa, Masami Takata, Kazuki JoeDepartment of Advanced Information & Computer Sciences,

Nara Women’s University, Nara, Japan

2

Contents

BackgroundImage Analysis for Lawns Sprayed with Paint

Analysis by RGB and Model ConstructionAnalysis by HSV and Model Construction

Image Analysis for Lawns Sprinkled with WaterAnalysis by RGB and Model ConstructionAnalysis by HSV and Model Construction

Conclusions and Future works

3

BackgroundPeriodical mowing→Affect the quality of lawns

Necessity of a model to understand the relationbetween the durability of lawns color and the paint density

Keep the quality of lawns

Improve just color of lawns →Green paint spraying on the lawn with degraded leaf color

~Advantage~ A low cost technique Simple operations

Before After

4

Lawn Images

For deterioration models of lawns sprayed with paint

1) Before spraying paint 2) Just after spraying paint 3) 40 minutes later

4) 8 days later 5) 11 days later ① 6) 11 days later ②

5

Lawn Images

For deterioration model of water-sprinkled lawns

1) Right after water-sprinkled (3 pieces)

2) 8 days later (3 pieces) 3) 16 days later (3 pieces)

4) 21 days later (3 pieces) 5) 28 days later (3 pieces)

6

Image Analysis for Lawns Sprayed with Paint

Pixel value in the top of graph （ Central value ） →The maximum number of pixelsThe width from the central value (Dispersion width)

→The dispersion of density value

020040060080010001200140016001800

0 50 100 150 200 250Pixel value

The

num

ber

of p

ixel v

alue

RGB

RGB values Gaussian distribution

7

Analysis by dispersion widths of RGB

05

10152025303540

(ⅰ )Beforespraying

paint

(ⅱ )J ustafter

sprayingpaint

(ⅲ )40minutes

later

(ⅳ)8 dayslater

ⅴ )11（days later

①

(ⅵ)11days later

②

Disp

ersi

on w

idth

Ｒ

Ｇ

Ｂ

Image Analysis for Lawns Sprayed with Paint

8

＜ After 8 days ＞R ・ B ： Expansion of dispersion　 → Degradation of the lawns

Analysis by dispersion widths of RGB

05

10152025303540

(ⅰ )Beforespraying

paint

(ⅱ )J ustafter

sprayingpaint

(ⅲ )40minutes

later

(ⅳ)8 dayslater

ⅴ )11（days later

①

(ⅵ)11days later

②

Disp

ersio

n wi

dth

Ｒ

Ｇ

Ｂ

Image Analysis for Lawns Sprayed with Paint

9

＜ After 8 days ＞R ・ B ： Expansion of dispersion　 → Degradation of the lawnsG ： Smaller dispersion than R,B　 → Controlled deterioration of lawns color

Analysis by dispersion widths of RGB

05

10152025303540

(ⅰ )Beforespraying

paint

(ⅱ )J ustafter

sprayingpaint

(ⅲ )40minutes

later

(ⅳ)8 dayslater

ⅴ )11（days later

①

(ⅵ)11days later

②

Disp

ersio

n wi

dth

Ｒ

Ｇ

Ｂ

Image Analysis for Lawns Sprayed with Paint

10

Model Construction ＜Ｒ・Ｂ＞（ 1 ）

（ 2 ）

axe11

f(x)

1xaxf(x) 2

2

Increase to a certain value to converge

Sigmoid function

A fractional function

a: 1.5a: 1.0a: 0.5

a: 0.5a: 1.0a: 1.5

11

Model Construction ＜Ｒ・Ｂ＞

R ： x5.2e11

f(x) B ：

1xx30f(x) 2

2

30

28

24

26

20

22

18

16

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

28

Analysis result by RModel expression for R

Analysis result by BModel expression for B

12

Model Construction ＜Ｇ＞

2xalogxf(x))3(

2x2eaxf(x))4(

2bxaxef(x))5(

A function with a peak of enlarged dispersion

Change by coefficient a Change by coefficient b

Expression(3):Logarithm based functionExpression(4)(5):Exponential based function

a: 5a: 10a: 15

a: 0.5a: 1.0a: 1.5

a: 0.5, b: 1.0a: 1.0, b: 1.0a: 1.5, b: 1.0

a: 1.0, b: 0.5a: 1.0, b: 1.0a: 1.0, b: 1.5

13

Model Construction ＜Ｇ＞

2xalogxf(x))3(

2x2eaxf(x))4(

2bxaxef(x))5(

A function with a peak of enlarged dispersion

Change by coefficient a Change by coefficient b

Expression(3):Logarithm based functionExpression(4)(5):Exponential based function

G ： 2x1.0xe20f(x)

a: 5a: 10a: 15

a: 0.5a: 1.0a: 1.5

a: 0.5, b: 1.0a: 1.0, b: 1.0a: 1.5, b: 1.0

a: 1.0, b: 0.5a: 1.0, b: 1.0a: 1.0, b: 1.5

28262422201816

Analysis result by GModel expression for G

14

Image Analysis for Lawns Sprayed with PaintAnalysis by dispersion widths of HSV

01020304050607080

(i)Beforespraying

paint

(ii)J ustafter

sprayingpaint

(iii)40minutes

later

(iv)8dayslater

(v)11days

later①

(vi)11days

later②

Disp

ersio

n wi

dth

HSV

15

Analysis by dispersion widths of HSV

01020304050607080

(i)Beforespraying

paint

(ii)J ustafter

sprayingpaint

(iii)40minutes

later

(iv)8dayslater

(v)11days

later①

(vi)11days

later②

Disp

ersio

n wi

dth

HSV

H : Expansion of dispersion

→Expansion of the range of green in the hue circle

　→ Increase of the number of color hue

Image Analysis for Lawns Sprayed with Paint

16

Analysis by dispersion widths of HSV

01020304050607080

(i)Beforespraying

paint

(ii)J ustafter

sprayingpaint

(iii)40minutes

later

(iv)8dayslater

(v)11days

later①

(vi)11days

later②

Disp

ersio

n wi

dth

HSV

H : Expansion of dispersion

→Expansion of the range of green in the hue circle

→Increase of the number of color hue

S ・ V : Expansion of dispersion 8 days later

→Dark lawns color

Image Analysis for Lawns Sprayed with Paint

17

Model Construction ＜ H ・ S ・ V ＞axe1

1f(x)

1xaxf(x) 2

2

（1）

（2）

01020304050607080

(i)Beforespraying

paint

(ii)J ustafter

sprayingpaint

(iii)40minutes

later

(iv)8dayslater

(v)11days

later①

(vi)11days

later②

Disp

ersio

n wi

dth

HSV

※p.9

a: 1.5a: 1.0a: 0.5

a: 0.5a: 1.0a: 1.5

18

Model Construction ＜ H ・ S ・ V ＞

S ： x5.1e11

f(x) H ：

1xx65f(x) 2

2

V ： x7.0e1

1f(x)

6055504540353025

5654525048464442

484644

42

4038

36

3432

Analysis result by HModel expression for H

Analysis result by SModel expression for S

Analysis result by VModel expression for V

19

Fresh (green) part

RGB values

02000400060008000

1000012000140001600018000

1 17 33 49 65 81 97 113

129

145

161

177

193

209

225

241

Pixel value

The

num

ber

of p

ixel

val

ue

Dried-up (white) part Analysis

Image Analysis for Lawns Sprinkled with Water

Binomial distribution

20

RGB： Expansion of dispersion from 8 days later to 16 days later→Quick deterioration of green part→Gentle gradient of Gaussian distributionR ： The most deterioration

Analysis by dispersion widths of RGB

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

(i)Rightafter water-

sprinkled

(ii)8 dayslater

(iii)16 dayslater

(iv)21 dayslater

(v)28 dayslater

Disp

ersi

on w

idth

RGB

Image Analysis for Lawns Sprinkled with Water

21

Model Construction ＜ R ・ G ・ B ＞axe1

1f(x)

1xaxf(x) 2

2

（1）

（2）

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

(i)Rightafter water-

sprinkled

(ii)8 dayslater

(iii)16 dayslater

(iv)21 dayslater

(v)28 dayslater

Disp

ersi

on w

idth

RGB

※p.9

a: 0.5a: 1.0a: 1.5

a: 1.5a: 1.0a: 0.5

22

Model Construction ＜ R ・ G ・ B ＞

G ： x2e11

f(x) R ： B ： x5.2e1

1f(x)

x3e11

f(x)

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

2826242220181614

6055

50454035

30

25

20

Analysis result by RModel expression for R

Analysis result by GModel expression for G

Analysis result by BModel expression for B

23

Analysis by dispersion widths of HSV

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(i)Right afterwater-

sprinkled

(ii)8 dayslater

(iii)16 dayslater

(iv)21 dayslater

(v)28 dayslater

Disp

ersio

n wi

dth

HSV

Image Analysis for Lawns Sprinkled with Water

24

H ・ S ： Reduction of dispersion 8 days later →Dispersion on green and yellow part

Analysis by dispersion widths of HSV

0102030405060

(i)Rightafter

water-sprinkled

(ii)8 dayslater

(iii)16 dayslater

(iv)21 dayslater

(v)28 dayslater

Disp

ersi

on w

idth

HSV

Image Analysis for Lawns Sprinkled with Water

25

H ・ S ： Reduction of dispersion 8 days later →Dispersion on green and yellow partV： Expansion of dispersion →Deterioration of green part →Gentle gradient of Gaussian distribution

Analysis by dispersion widths of HSV

0102030405060

(i)Rightafter

water-sprinkled

(ii)8 dayslater

(iii)16 dayslater

(iv)21 dayslater

(v)28 dayslater

Disp

ersi

on w

idth

HSV

Image Analysis for Lawns Sprinkled with Water

26

Model Construction ＜ V ＞axe1

1f(x)

1xaxf(x) 2

2

（1）

（2）

0102030405060

(i)Rightafter

water-sprinkled

(ii)8 dayslater

(iii)16 dayslater

(iv)21 dayslater

(v)28 dayslater

Disp

ersion

width

HSV

※p.9

a: 0.5a: 1.0a: 1.5

a: 1.5a: 1.0a: 0.5

27

Model Construction ＜ V ＞

V：

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(i)Right afterwater-

sprinkled

(ii)8 dayslater

(iii)16 dayslater

(iv)21 dayslater

(v)28 dayslater

Disp

ersio

n wi

dth

HSV

1xx49f(x) 2

2

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

Analysis result by VModel expression for V

28

Model Construction ＜ H ・ S ＞

bx

axf(x))6(

0,0axf(x))7( b ba

Change by coefficient a Change by coefficient b

Change by coefficient a Change by coefficient b

Decrease by a certain valueto converge

Expression(6):

Exponential based function

Expression(7):

A decreasing function

a: 0.5, b: -0.5a: 1.0, b: -0.5a: 1.5, b: -0.5

a: 1.5, b: -0.5a: 1.5, b: -1.0a: 1.5, b: -1.5

a: 5, b: 5a: 10, b: 5a: 15, b: 5

a: 0.5, b: 5a: 0.5, b: 10a: 0.5, b: 15

29

Model Construction ＜ H ・ S ＞

H ： S ：2.0x93f(x) 5.4x160f(x)x

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

130

120

110

100

9080

70

50

60

4030

Analysis result by HModel expression for H

Analysis result by SModel expression for S

30

Conclusions and Future WorksConstruct lawn deterioration models by image data

Future work More exact model construction by aggregate of a botanical model

<Model for G>

Sprinkled with waterSprayed with paint

60

50

40

30

20

10

Difference 35

31

Thank you for your attention.